虚拟语气：分两大类（假设类 、 缓和语气类）

一． 假设类 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)

１． if 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)

假设 结果

过去if had done， would/ should / could / might have done

现在if did / were, would/ should / could / might do

将来if were to do/ should do, would/ should / could / might do （不可能，不希望发生） 将来if does/ is （真）, will do （有可能发生） 注意：１）省if ，要倒装

２） if 从句 被 以下替代：unless, otherwise, but for, supposing, without you were to order him, he wouldn’t do. = If you were not to order him, he wouldn’t do.

Fortunately I had my calculator with me. (=if I hadn’t had my calculator with me), it would have taken a much longer time to get the job done. the heavy rain (= If it had not rained heavily), we would / could have arrived in time. I accepted this offer, what would you do? his help, we wouldn’t have finished the job in time.

２） for fear (that), in case (that), lest (that) 从句 （其实＝if 从句中的将来不希望发生） (虚拟手段：倒推时态--. 过去将来时“should do”)

He’s working hard

。

（in case your house should catch fire = if your house should catch fire）

3)as if / as though 从句(虚拟手段：倒推时态)

She treats him as if he were her son.

She looks as if she is ill. （真）

She looks as if she were ill. （假）

4) wish 从句 I wish I had been there. ( wish + 从句 要虚拟 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)

对比：I wish you a happy new year. （wish + sb + sth） 与虚拟无关

I wish to see you there. ( wish + to do) 与虚拟无关

5） would rather/would sooner/ had better + (虚拟手段：倒推时态)

Do you mind if I smoke?

-- Yes, I do (mind). 或 -- I’ 对比：I would rather sing than dance. （would rather 直接+ do）

提示：would rather/would sooner/ had better + 从句 = wish + 从句

I’d rather you didn’t = I wish you didn’t (smoke)

6) If only + (虚拟手段：倒推时态)

If only I were a bird.

提示：if only + 从句 = wish + 从句

If only I were a bird. = I wish I were a bird

7) It’s (about/ high/just/ right) time + 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)

It’ c.f. it’

一． 缓和语气类 (虚拟手段：从句里省should)

1. 表示把意愿说给别人听的动词（以下分类的依据是口气强硬度不同），后面+ 从句 （should ） do

command order demand

insist maintain (= keep suggesting/ requiring) + 从句 （should ） do

request, require, ask, desire

suggest, advise, propose…

e.g. I suggest that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

2. 由上述动词变成的名词，后面+ 从句 （should ） do

e.g. My suggestion is that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

3. 由上述动词变成的形容词以及由此引申的形容词，后面+ 从句 （should ） do e.g. it’s advisable that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

It’s natural, necessary, essential, imperative, important, vital, crucial, natural, decisive, significant, insistent, desirable, advisable. that …..

e.g. What is vital is that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

第二篇：虚拟语气总结

虚拟语气

1. 陈述 祈使（请求，命令，警告） 虚拟

Mood 心境 情绪 语气；indicative 象征的，陈述的；imperative 必要的，祈使的； Subjunctive 虚拟的

2. Subjunctive mood 虚假的与事实相反的；难以实现的；强烈的情感或主观愿望

3. 虚拟语气可以在多种从句中表现，各种从句中的虚拟语气

一：状语从句 if, as if (though)引导的，这种情况称之为非真实条件句或是if条件句；虚拟语气第一种用法

If 1）if条件句虚拟三种情况及基本结构

If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.

If I had enough money, I would first of all buy …

（分析时态）

If you had worked word, you would have easily passed the final test

If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you.

*如果当时你有足够的钱

（分析时态）

(should/were to do/ed)

If it should be fine tomorrow, I would go on a trip.

*if条件句的时态使用前一个时态

（should>ed>were to

would 必然的结果could 能够might可能的结果）

2）省略if /从句

*Should had were 倒装

Had I worked harder, I would have surely succeeded

Were she my daughter , I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad

*如果要不是 were it not for…….

如果当时要不是 had it not been for

Your help, I would never be a good boss

You , I would have lost my way(引出)

*介词短语 without ；but for

But for your advice, I would have failed

Without your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded anyway

3）主句或从句所指的时间不一致，根据主从句虚拟的情况分别确定

从句说明过去的，主句现在

I she had followed the doctor’s advice, she would be quite all right now.

(如果她当时听医生的话，她现在会好了)

As if （though）

The young man with long hair walks as if he were a girl

(留长发的那个小伙子走起路来像个小姑娘)

The injured man acted as if nothing had happened

（那个受伤的男子走起路来好像什么都没发生一样）

二：主宾表同位

(主语从句中：两个句型

It is/was very important/necessary/essential that….

It is/was suggested/required …

It is advised that one (should) take plenty of boiled water.)

宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句

*would rather and wish

I would rather they didn’t hear of the news

I wish that I were a bird and could fly

*当suggest 表示“暗示，表明”不用虚拟

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work

当insist表示“认为”时，

(表语从句中虚拟还可以用as if （though）

It seems as if the meeting would never end.)

*English teachers give advice that we should make good use of every chance to speak English

三：几种单独的情况

1. 表示责备 批评 祝愿 should/ought to have done; may/could/might have done

May you succeed

I told you many times. You should have done it better.

You are late again. You could have come earlier.

2. 只保留从句的

What if/if only/if you would=please

What if I failed? （要是。。怎么办）

If only I were 20 years younger.

If you would wait for a moment.