虚拟语气知识清单（外研版高二第7册Module6语法复习讲稿）

虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发

生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

1、在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

2、错综时间条件句：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)

3、省略连词if（倒装）。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.

4、含蓄条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用某他手段或方式来暗示存在虚拟条件。其虚拟的结构形式通过主句来表现。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的方式有：

（1）介词或介词短语（代替状语从句）：but for（要不是…），without（假若没有…），with（假若有…）

With you help，I could have finished the work ahead of time. 如果有你的帮助的话，我本可以提前完成这项工作。

Without air and water，there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会存在生物。

But for the rain，we should have had a pleasant journey. 如果不是因为下雨，旅途会很愉快。

What would you do with a million dollars? 如果有了一百万美元，你会做什么？

（2）用or，otherwise(否则)，等类似转折词

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.

I was ill that day. Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.

（3）根据上下文语境来表示某种假设情况

Five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station. 早来五分钟的话，你就能在车站见到他了。

You could have done better，but you didn’t try you best.

5、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

（1）省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)

（2）省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如:

If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)

If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)

虚拟语气的其他用法

l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在"It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…"这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。

It is (was) important ( necessary, natural, strange, etc.) that…

It is (was) a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that …

It is (was) suggested (desired, ordered, required, proposed,etc.)that…

Should在此类句型中可理解为表示“应该，必须”或“惊讶、遗憾，不以为然”等语气。此类的形容词或名词三种：

①形容某件应该做的事是“必需的”、“重要的”、“适当的”、“自然的”、“紧迫的”等。如：important，necessary，unnecessary，strange，natural，possible，impossible，fortunate，advisable，desirable，essential。

②形容某件居然发生的事令人“惊讶的”“失望的”“可怕的”“好笑的”等。如：surprising，amazing，pleasing，dreadful，funny

③表明某事是一种遗憾。如：a pity，a shame，no wander

It’s strange that he toward his parents like that.（竟然会） It’s surprising/amazing/pleasing/that she over her mother.（居然会） It’s strange that he without telling us. (竟然会)

It’s natural that she make such a mistake.（不以为然的语气，“会”）

It’s a pity/a shame/no wonder that our team the game.（遗憾或不以为然的语气，竟“会”）

2、在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.

注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:

The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.

当insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 表示“坚持要求，坚持主张”用虚拟语气。如:

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money

我们可以用“一二三四”法巧记这些动词：“一、二、三、四”法，即一个坚持（insist），两个命令（order，command），三个建议（suggest，propose，advise）, 四个要求（demand，require, request ,ask）。

3、advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:

My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening

4、wish的用法

与现在事实相反, 用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反, 用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原形,后的从句不能用should.如:

I wish she were here.

I wish you would go with us tomorrow

I wish she had taken my advice

5、用在would rather, had rather等后的宾从中谓语动词应用过去时或过去完成时。如：

I would rather you were not here. I'd rather you had been present.

6、在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:

Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。

7、由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如:

He treated me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

8、在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”。如:

Mr. Green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly.

9、It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.

10、用在If only句型中，意思是“要是…就好了”。如：

Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice.

only if表示"只有" I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

11、在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中. 如:

If it were not for the rain, the crops would die If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time

12、用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：

May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。

13、in case，for fear that引导的状语从句中，表示“唯恐，以免”，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气。

She took the raincoat with her in case she should be caught in rain. The student is working hard for fear that he should fail to pass the exam.

14、intend，hope，want，plan，mean等表示“希望、想法、意图”，常用过去完成时态或不定式的完成式表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。

I had meant to go to the party，but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech. I intended to have helped you，but I was very busy at the time.

第二篇：虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结

语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类：

（1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is!

（2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如 Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点：

1. 主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be）如 Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here.

2. 有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es如 You be quiet. He stand up.

3. 祈使语气可以用do加强语气如 Do come to see this Sunday.

4. 在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如 Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you?

5. 祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如 Think hard and you will have a good idea.

（3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如 If I were you, I should study English.

一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：

例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.

If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.

有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：

Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.

Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.

Should the earth stop running, what would happen?

二. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。

If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive.

If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.

三．含蓄条件句

1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。

如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.

But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.

2. 假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。

I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.

I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.

3. 表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

（1）省去条件从句 You could have washed your clothes yourself. （你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了If you had wanted to。（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）

（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me! (如果我的祖母和我在一起多好啊！)事实是：祖母已不在世。

四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

① “wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；

表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”；

表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。如：

I wish I were better-looking. 要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。

I wish I had met the film star just now. 我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！

I wish I would be a solider. 我想当一名军人。

【考例】

How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海 20xx春)

A. has B. had

C. will have D. had had

【答案】B。

②在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中在美国英语中，should常省略。如：

The young man insisted that I (should) go with his fellows. 这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去。

The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生建议他换工作。

【考例】Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (福建 20xx)

A. not allow B. do not allow

C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow

【答案】A。

③在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常常用过去时来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如：

— Shall I open the window? 我可以把窗户打开吗?

— I’d rather you didn’t. 我觉得还是不要。

【考例】

George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture. (江苏20xx)

A. focus B. focused

C. would focus D. had focused

【答案】B。

④在It is +形容词(important, necessary, good, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising) +that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。如： It is natural that she (should) do so. 很自然她应该这样做。

【考例】

— Don’t you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?

— I agree, but the problem is he has refused to. (江苏20xx)

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

【答案】B。

五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用

1. if only的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同。如：

If only the player had had more courage! 这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。

If only Daisy would go with me! 黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!

【考例】

Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice. (上海 20xx春)

A. followed B. would follow

C. had followed D. should follow

【答案】C。

2. as if (as though)方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。

(1) as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。

当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：

It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。

(2) as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。

当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：

①从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：

He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 ②从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。如：

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。 ③从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，谓语动词用“would (could, might)＋动词原形”。如：

It looks as if it might snow. 看起来好像要下雪了。

3. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

（1）以in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语多用could/might+动词原形，在口语中常用can/could+动词原形

She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.

(2)以lest, for fear that和in case 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用（should）+动词原形。

She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it should rain.

六．其他形式的虚拟语气

1. It’s time that句型中的虚拟语气

在It’s time that句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should+动词原形 (should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：

It’s high time that we were off. 是我们该走的时候了。

2.在would/had rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner和 would prefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，则表示过去的情况。

I’d rather you left tomorrow.

I would just as soon you had told me the truth yesterday.

I would rather have bought the dictionary.

3. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它”。如：

May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风！

May your youth last forever! 祝你青春永驻！

■强化训练■

1. more careful, his bus would not have knocked into the tree.

A. If the driver were B. Had the driver been

C. Should the driver be D. If the driver would have been

2.the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

3. Look at the terrible situation you are in! If only you my advice!

A. listen to B. would listen to C. had listened to D. have listened to

4. Had Henry received two more votes in the last election, he our monitor now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

5. If the athlete won today, he eight races in a game.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

6. It is time that our mayor measures to protect the poor in the street.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

7. If I had read the report, I _______ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

8. — It’s a pity you didn’t won the competition.

— I had had more practice.

A. If only B. As if C. If not D. As with

Key: 1-5 BBCDA

6-8 BAA