虚拟语气总结

（1）一种定语从句：It’s time that+did

（2）两种目的状语从句：

so that/in order that+ can/may/could/might +do

in case\lest\for fear(以防) that+should do

（3）三种随时变化句：

① wish 现在→did/were

if only →had done

as if/though 将来→could/would do

② would rather /将来→did/were

过去→had done

③现在：if+did/were, would+ do

过去：if+had done, would+ have done

将来： did

were to do, would+ do

should do

注意：除了由引导的虚拟条件句外，还有倒装条件句，即把were、had或should提前；混合时间句，虚实错综句，以及含蓄条件句，即由or, otherwise, with, without, but for来引导的。

（4）四种名词性从句：

①当表语是important, natural, necessary, possible, strange, arranged, decided, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, surprising, a pity, no woder时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。例：

It’s important that we (should) help each other.

②动词一坚持(insist)，两命令(command, order)，三建议(advise, propose, suggest)，四要求(ask, demand, request, require)后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。例：

He insisted that he (should) be sent to the West.

注：insist(坚持说), suggest(暗示，表明)时，从句应用陈述语气。如：

Her pale face suggested that she was ill.

1). Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed before 9 o’olock.

对比：He insisted that I had taken away his dictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）

2). His suggestion that Tony (should) be invited to the party was refused.（同位语从句）

对比：His words suggested that he was very angry with me.（不是建议、要求、命令

③idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词作主语时，表语从句用虚拟语气。例： My suggestion is that we (should) hold a class meeting.

④idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。例： The office gave an order that his soldiers fight back bravely.

If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）

1). I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to contract others.

If +had done (过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+have

done（用来表示对过去情况的假设）

1). If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer.

If +were/ did (动词过去式) 主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+ do

were to do

should do （用来表示对将来情况的假设）

1). If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you.

虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were, should, had，

可省略if, 把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。

1). Should he act like that again, he would be fined. If he should act like that again, he would be fined。

Were he to act like that again, he would be fined. If he were to act like that again, he would be fined.

If he acted like that again, he would be fined.（不可以倒装）

2). Had the doctor come in time last night, the boy would have been saved.

If the doctor had come in time last night, the boy would have been saved.

3). If I had time now, I would go to the film with you. （不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词）

But for….--> If it were not for…../ If it hadn’t been for

1). But for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved.

If it hadn’t been for the determined captain, all the passengers on board……

2). But for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.

If it were not for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.

第二篇：虚拟语气概括与总结

1. 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

1) 与现在事实相反

If从句:一般过去时(were)

主句: would (should,could,might)+ 动词原形

e.g. If I were you, I ____ all those stories. Old Bill loves making things up.

A. would n’t believe B. will believe

C. will not believe D. would believe

2）与过去事实相反

If从句:过去完成时

主句： would (should,could,might)+ have +过去分词

e.g. Things might have been much worse if the mother ___ on her right to keep the baby.

A. has been insisting B. had insisted

C. would insist D. insisted

3）与将来事实相反

If从句: should/ were to +动词原形

主句： would (should,could,might)+ 动词原形

e.g. Jean does n’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she ____ a job she probably would n’t be able to see her friends very often.

A. has to get B. had got C. could have got

D. were to get

注释：

A. 虚拟条件句中如果含有助动词、情态动词、动词 be或have，可将 if 省略，后面主、谓语要部分倒装（即把助动词、情态动词、动词 be 或 have放到主语的前面）

B. 由suppose, supposing, provided, on condition that 引导的从句有时也可用虚拟语气，其谓语形式用过去式

2.虚拟语气的特殊句型

1）wish后面的宾语从句

1.与现在事实相反---谓语动词用一般过去时，

be (were)

2.与过去事实相反---had+过去分词或

could/would+have+过去分词

3.与将来事实相反---would/could/might+动词原形

2) would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as soon 后面的宾语从句中

与过去事实相反---had +过去分词;

与现在/将来事实相反---一般过去时

3) suggest 后面的宾语从句中, (should) + V

常见的要求虚拟的其它动词有: advise, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, direct, insist, intend, maintain(坚持), move(提议), object, order, propose, prefer, pray, recommend, request, require, resolve, urge, vote(提议), prescribe(指示)等.

4)与suggestion等名词有关的表语从句或同位语从句中, (should) +V

其他名词有:

advice, decision, demand, desire, idea, importance, insistence, motion, necessity, order, pray, preference, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, resolution, significance, understanding等

5) 在It is /was +adj./V-ed +that 引导的主语从句中, (should) + V

这类形容词有: advisable, appropriate, better, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, natural, necessary, preferable, possible, probable, strange, surprising, urgent, vital等.

6) 在It is time 后面的定语从句中,谓语动词用一般过去时;有时为了强调, time前面常常加high, about等词。

e.g. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ____?

A. we are going home B. we go home

C. We went home D. we can go home

7) 在as if 或 as though引导的让步状语从句中，谓语动词形式与wish后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式相同。

8) 在in order that, so that 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用may (might) +V, 在口语中常用can (could) + V。

9) 在lest, for fear that, in case 引出的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用 ( should) +V

10. 由whether…or…, whatever, whoever, no matter what 等引导的让步状语从句中，谓语动词用 (may) +V；有时whether可省略，句子用倒装形式．

e.g. The business of each day, ___selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

A. it being B. be it

C. was it D. it was

3.混合(交叉)型的虚拟语气

1. 时间混合(交叉)/ 错综时间条件句

有时条件句表示的动作和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据具体时间来表现。

e.g. If I had n’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ____ now.

A. would n’t be smiling

B. could n’t have smiled

C. won’t smile

D. did n’t smile

2. 语气混合(交叉)/ 含蓄条件句

是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是通过一个介词短语，如：with, without, but for等；有时可以通过连词或副词，如：but, but that, or, otherwise等；有时甚至可以通过上下文或其他方式来暗示虚拟条件的存在。

固定结构中的虚拟语气

1. If it were not for… （要不是…）

2. If it had not been for…/ Had it not been

3. Be that (as) it may （尽管如此）

4. Come what may （不管发生什么）

e.g. ___ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.

A. Not being B. Had it not been

C. Without being D. Not having been

…） （要不是

第三篇：高考英语虚拟语气语法总结

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20xx年高考英语虚拟语气语法总结

倒装结构

1） Had you (=If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

2） Were I (=If I were) you, I would do more practice after class.

3） Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.

2．虚拟条件句的特殊用法

A. 混合虚拟条件句

条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生.

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. （从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. （从句述说现在，主句述说过去。）

If I had had more self-confidence, I would become a teacher.

（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If the rescue team hadn’t found him, he would be dead.

（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If she didn’t love driving, she wouldn’t have become a driver. （从句述说现在，主句述说已发生。）

B. 含蓄虚拟条件句

虚拟条件通过下述词语引出的短语：

介词with, without, but for, if it had not been / if it were not for?etc 分词supposing动词suppose

并列连词or, otherwise, but, though, etc

例如：

1）I couldn’t have won the competition without your encouragement.

2）With your assistance (=If we had your assistance), we might finish the

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plan earlier

3）But for you advice, I would not be able to do this work.

4) Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened, otherwise he wouldn’t have made such a stupid remark.

C. 虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义上仍然存在。这种句子只保留一个if (only)条件从句，表达说话人的强烈愿望。如：

1） If (only) she were my sister! 她要是我姐姐（就好了）！

2） If only he had not left! 如果他没走（该多好啊）！

（二）虚拟语气的几个句型

1． It is? that sb. (should)?

句型一：It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ that ?

句型二：It is a ＋ 抽象名词 ＋ that ?

句型三：It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋ that ?

A. 常这样用的形容词有：

appropriate 适当的 advisable 适当的，合理的 better 较好的 desirable 理想的 essential 基本的，实质的 imperative 迫切的 important 重要的 insistent 坚持的 necessary 必要的 natural 自然的 strange 奇怪的 unusual 不寻常的 urgent 紧迫的 vital 极其重要的

B. 常这样用的抽象名词有：pity, shame, no wonder

C. 常这样用的过去分词有：suggested, requested, required, proposed, desired,

ordered, recommended

1) It was natural that she (should) think so.

2) It is strange that he should have said so.

3) It is a great pity that he should be so careless.

4) It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.

2． 建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。

常这样用的动词及其名词形式有：

ask 要求 advise 劝告、建议 determine 决定 decide决定 demand 要求 desire 渴望 command 命令 insist 坚持 intend 打算 prefer 宁愿 propose 提议 order 命令 recommend 推荐 request要求 require要求 suggest建议

1）I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

2）They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.

3）They demanded that their wages (should) be increased.

[注] 当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如：

1）Her face suggested (暗示) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议) that she (should) be sent to the hospital immediately.

2) He insisted that he was right. 她坚持认为自己是对的。

3.

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[注] 主句中wish的各种时态都不影响从句的时态，从句连词that常常省去。

1）I wish I were ten years younger.

2）I wish I had gone to the football match last night.

3) I wish I could have talked to her then.

4）He wishes you would go and visit him.

4. as if, as though

1) She looked after the orphan as if he were her own child.

2) They are talking as if they had been friends for many years.

[注1] as if从句的虚拟语气用进行时态时，表示动作正在进行，如：

He heard a noise, as if someone were breathing.

[注2] 在It looks (seems, sounds) as if后的从句中，如果接近事实的可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：

It looks as if it is going to rain.

5．

例如：

1）2) I would rather he visited us today/tomorrow.

3) I would rather he had visited us yesterday.

6．

动词过去式

should + 动词原形

1) It is time that the boy should go to school.

2) It is high time (that) the weather be improved.

7． （If only?！）

If only I knew the answer！

8． 用于表示祝愿的句子中

（三）情态动词中的虚拟语气

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一． 基本能力过关

1. Were it not for the snowy weather, we _____ all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. _____ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. _____ I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

4. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _____ our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

5. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice.

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

6. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _____ fully occupied the whole of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

7. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

8. I wish I _____ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

9. If the Watergate Incident _____, Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred

C. was not occurring D. be circling

10. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _____ a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

11. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he _____ an elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

12. He described the town as if he _____ it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

13. It is important that the TOEFL office _____ your registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm

14. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology _____.

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

15. It’s about time people _____ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

16. He’s working hard for fear that he _____.

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

17. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires

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that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

18. I’d rather you _____ anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

二． 高考名题连线

34. If only he _____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lay

35. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.

A. might B. need C. should D. would

36. What would have happened _____ as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

37. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!

A. has B. had C. will have D. had had

38. It is hard for him to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall

39. _____ be sent to work there?

A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should

C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should

情态动词中的虚拟语气：

1.- How dangerous it was!

- Yes. But for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ______.

A. was drowned B. could have been drowned

C. had drowned D. should be drowned

2. Amy did best in the English test. She _____ hard last week.

A. must have worked B. should have worked

C. should work D. must work

3.. You _____ those letters. Why didn’t you ?

A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.

4.. Why didn’t you tell me yesterday that you could lend me some money? I _____ money from the bank.

A. needn’t borrow B. can’t have borrowed

C. needn’t have borrowed D. may not have borrowed

5.--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

.--Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.

A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed

6. I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I _____ .

A. had B. would do C. should have D. might have to

7. You_____ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.

A. ought to come B. may have come

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C. ought to have come D. could come

8. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.

A. needn’t dress up B. didn’t have to dress up

C. might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up

9. Oh, what a pity! It _____ so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted

to show you, but I’ve left them at the table at home.

A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. was

10. -- We expected you yesterday.

-- I’m sorry, I ______ you to say that I couldn’t be here until today.

A. must have called B. would be calling

C. could have been calling D. should have called

11. --I’m told that John had another car accident this morning.

--I believe not. He _____ so careless.

A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been

C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been

12. -- You didn’t hear me until now?

-- No, I must _____ soundly when you came in.

A. have been sleeping B. have slept C. be sleeping D. slept

13. Your mother was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.

A. needn’t leave B. mustn’t leave C. couldn’t have left D. shouldn’t have left

14. -- Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?

-- No. We ______ , but we decided not to.

A. should have gone B. could go C. should go D. could have gone

15. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____ cleaned.

A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been

C. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been

16. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.

A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived

C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived

17. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

18. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They

_____ at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A. should have done B. must have been doing

C. could have done D. would have done

19. – Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

-- Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself. (2005)

A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done

虚拟语气参考答案：

1-5 ABDDC 6-10 DADBA 11-15 DABCB

16-20 ACB 34-35 CC 36-39 CBBA

情态动词

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1-5：BABCA 6-10 CCDAD 11-15 CADDA 16-19 CDBB

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