PHP学习笔记

(一) 基本概念

1． 基本语法

每一句后面要有分号”;”

变量名前必须有$符号，不需要提前声明。数组会自动扩展，不需要提前定义，下标支持字符串，使用的是哈希表索引。特殊的一个用法是$a=”b”  $$a=”c”  等价于$b=”c”

字符串相加运算符 “.”

强制类型转换有三种 Integer Double String

结构控制同C相同

2． 数组的哈希表遍历

$i[“a”]  =  0;

$i[“c”]  =  1;

Reset($i);

$k = key($i);      ß 和next一起用

Echo “$k, $i[$k]”;

Next($i);            ß

3． 开发环境

PHP和mysql服务器暂时选择APM Express

IDE用Zend Studio，挺好用的，有个小问题，如果破解了xp的uxtheme.dll那么Zend反应会非常慢，网上似乎很少有人遇到这个问题，在配置里面把“使用os界面方案” 点掉就行啦。

使用/**/或//或#注释程序

4． 语法

对变量大小写敏感，但是对函数大小写不敏感

字符常量用单引号，字符串用双引号，字符串中出现双引号时需要用转义字符\”

PHP内部常量：__FILE__, __LINE__, PHP_VERSION, PHP_OS….

&：   指针，只能用于函数中参量的引用传值

->：  对象的方法或属性

=>： 数组的元素值

$a = array( “apple”=>“red”, “orange”=>”yellow”)

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客观题型练习题

一．单选题

1．When he saw Professor Smith, he _____ his hand to him.

A．extended B．expanded C．expended D．exposed

2．We can’t _____ a holiday to go away this summer.

A．spend B．pay C．afford D．cost

3．Our teacher _____ a present yesterday, but he did not want to _____ it.

A．accepted, receive B．accept, received

C．received, accept D．receive, accepted

4． I’ve invited five people to tea this afternoon. Out of them, only John and Mary can come；_____ can’t.

A．other B．the other C．others D．the others

5．Everything on the earth _____ all the time.

A．is changing B．is changed C．has changed D．has been changed

6．Scientists found that when certain parts of the brain were _____ we lost the ability to do certain things.

A．destroyed B．damaged C．wounded D．hurt

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20xx年——20xx年 考研英语二 真题及答案

20xx年考研英语二真题

Section I Use of English

Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising__3__in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade __10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials __14__Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began__15__orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not__18__for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people.

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尊敬的大学英语教研室负责老师：

您好！

《大学英语》（全新版）从20xx年问世以来，受到使用学校的广泛欢迎，并被教育部评为?普通高等教育‘十五’国家级规划教材?，同时获得?教育部推荐使用的大学外语类教材?的殊荣。

该系列教材由《综合教程》、《听说教程》、《阅读教程》（通用本）、《阅读教程》（高级本）、《快速阅读》各1-6册以及供预备级使用的教材一套和《语法手册》一本组成，是一套图书、音像、光盘、网络、题库等全面配套的立体化教材，由全国十余所著名高校以及麦克米伦等国外出版机构的数十位一流专家、教授合作编写而成。该教材以?继承、借鉴与创新?为编写理念，全面贯彻国家教育部最新的教学指导思想：

? 全面增强学生的语言综合应用能力

《综合教程》全面培养学生在听、说、读、写、译等方面的综合运用能力。 ? 提高听和说的能力

《听说教程》听、说能力并重，为学生提供科学、合理的听说训练 ? 适度实施语法知识的教学

为适应新时期社会对大学英语教学提出的新要求，外教社隆重推出?新理念大学英语（全新版）网络教学系统?。该?系统?由教育部立项、按照《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》精心设计和研制，并获教育部专家组评审一致通过。整个体系配套完备，可帮助教师构建新的课堂教学模式，并为学生创造自主式和交互式的学习环境，以适应多样化、网络化、个性化的英语教学需要。

为了方便使用《大学英语》（全新版）教材的学校在期末检验学生的学习效果，我们特地约请专家针对该套教材进行命题，欢迎各高校使用这两套试卷与全新版教材配套使用。该试卷的录音由上海外语音像出版社录制。

您在使用过程中有什么意见和建议，欢迎向我们提出，以利我们将这项工作做得更好！

如果您需要该套试题的电子文本，请将您的电子邮件地址告诉我们，我们将以Email的形式为您提供这两套试卷的电子文本。

电子邮箱：bookinfo@

外教社网址：

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Unit 1 Part 1 Word Dictation

1. chase 2. cruelty 3. exploit 4. idle 5. continuity 6. sustain

7. minute 8. discount 9. distinct 10. pessimistic 11. bankrupt

12. worship

13. drown

14. justify

15. contaminate

16. enquire/inquire

17. deposit

18. container

19. moist

20. amuse

21. obligation

22. relief

23. melt

24. induce

25. restore

26. initiative

27. glue

28. furnish

29. spur

30. imperial

31. spray

32. bathe

33. freight

34. auction

35. banquet

36. desperate

37. expel

38. attorney

Unit 1 Part 2 Understanding Short Conversations

Directions: In this section you'll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.

1. Recording 1

A. The man taking something from her.

B. The man stealing from her grandmother.

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Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

1. Describe the pictures

2. Deduce the purpose of the artist of the pictures.

3. Suggest counter-measures.

真题分析：

本题的题目是一组图，其中上下两幅图形成了鲜明的对比。考生需要抓住的细节包括年代的差别（分别是19xx年和19xx年，相隔约一个世纪）、渔船数量的差别、海洋中鱼的数量差别。这时只要简单地加以分析就可以发现，画图者的意图是警告人们，如果人类继续无节制地开发自然资源，那么总有一天自然资源将会彻底枯竭，最终威胁到人类自己的生存。考生需要分析画图者的本意，并提出相应的解决措施。 这里需要再次提醒的一点是，在第一段描述图中内容时，要用过去时来说明两个不同年代的情况。

思路拓展： 环境问题是一个涉及内容十分广泛的话题，包括环境污染、沙漠化、森林退化、资源枯竭、全球变暖、生态失衡，同时还与人口增长、经济发展、能源开发等一系列社会问题紧密相连。从根本上来说，这都是由于人类无休止地向地球索取、而没有采取合适的方法来回报地球，造成地球的产能已经无法承受如此巨大的负担。考生在文章中可以提出，要彻底解决环境问题，需要各国政府和全世界每一个人的通力合作，需要唤醒所有人的环境保护意识，用所有可能的措施，包括政治和经济上的合作、全社会的大力倡导、法律的介入等一系列措施来治理这一问题。 范文： The picture unveils a drastic change of ocean ecology during the past century due to the expandingscale of world commercial fishing. There were few fishing ships on the sea in 1900 when an enormous number of fish swam freely; in contrast, in 1995 a large fleet of ships were endeavoring to search for the only fish in the sea.

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***大学毕业论文（设计）任务书

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