高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit5-6 ☆重点句型☆
1. ... to see it as it really is: a nation of different countries
held together by a common language and culture.
2. There are six spoken languages that are considered to
be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents.
3. Mobile phones stop teenagers from spending money on
clothes or cigarettes.
4. They realize that it is of great value to record and teach
them to the younger generation.
5. To ensure safety, the train is controlled by an advanced
computer system.
6. With a better understanding of the human body,.
scientists and physicians will be able to cure more diseases.
7. It + (so) happen that ...
8. It doesn't matter / make no difference that ...
☆重点词汇☆
1. state / country n. 国家
2. narrow adj. 狭窄的
3. goods n. 货物
4. form v. 形成；组成
5. influence vt.& n. 影响
6. conquer vt. 征服
7. cure vt. 治愈，治疗
8. union n. 联合
9. judge n. & v. 法官，裁判；判断
10. cigarette n. 香烟
11. proof n. 证据
12. employ vt. 雇用
13. approach vt. & n. 接近；途径，方法
14. exact adj. 精确的
15. trend n. 趋势，走向；倾向
16. contemporary adj. 当代的
17. ensure vt. 担保，确保
18. imitate vt. 模仿
19. system n. 系统，体制
20. reform vt. & n. 改革
21. require v. 要求
22. indicate vt. 表明，预示
23. consumer n. 消费者，用户
24. Fegular adj. 定期的，有规律的
25. programme vt. 使按计划工作；把……列入节目单
☆重点短语☆
1. consist of 由……组成
2. a good understanding of 非常理解
3. makethemost of 充分利用
4. run over 压过 / 驶过
5. hold together 团结一致
6. stand for代表
7. on the basis of 以……为基础
8. has apopulation of 有……人口
9. reach agreement on 就……达成协议
10. in general 大体上，一般地说
11. at a top / full speed of 以最大／最快速度
12. be concerned about 关心
13. clean up 收拾干净
14. be amazed at 对……感到惊讶
15. keep sb. company 陪伴某人
16. keep in touch with 与……保持联系
17. catch a glimpse of 瞥见
18. deal with 处理，安排
短语闯关
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据 汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词5分。80分才 能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我 们就开始吧?
1. consist ____ 由……组成；南……构成
2. be made ____ of 由……组成
3. ____ the most of 充分利用；充分展示
4. hold ____ (使)连在一起；(使)团结一致
5. ____ general一般地；大体上
6. keep ____ touch with 与……保持联系
7. pay attention ____ 注意；留意
8. deal ____ 处理；安排
9. ____ store 贮藏着；准备着；即将发生，就要来到
10. ____ one point 在某处
11. (be) ____ great value非常有价值
12. spread ____ 展开
13. ____ for 代表
14. run ____ 在……驶过；把……匆匆过一遍；溢 出；短暂旅行
15. neither...____... 既不……又不……
16. as ____ as 远达……
17. ____ doubt毫无疑问地
18. ____ usual 像通常一样
19. ____ to 导致
20. ____ a glimpse of 看一眼
☆交际用语☆
1. Yes, I agree with you.
2. Yes, I think so.
3. It's a good idea to...
4．Don’t you think that?
5. I don't think that is right...
6. I don't think so.
7. You must be mistaken...
8. I'm afraid you are wrong...
9. You are wrong thinking that...
10. I believe that you have got it right.
【单词聚焦】
【考点1】advantage 的用法
▲ 搭配：
① have / win / get / gain the / an advantage of / over 胜过；优于
② (be) to one's advantage / disadvantage 对……有利／ 不利
③ take advantage of = make one's advantage of 乘机利 用；利用别人的弱点占便宜；欺骗
【考例1】[2005 南京模拟] British students only have a language ____ for jobs in the USA and Australia.
A. chance B. ability
C. possibility D. advantage
[考查目标] 本题考查advantage的意思。
[答案与解析]D 本句的language advantage的意思 是。语言方面的优势”。
2. advantage n. 优势，优点
反义：disadvantage 劣势，缺点
[词组] take advantage of 利用
Boys have more advantages over girls in finding jobs. 男孩子找工作比女孩子更有优势。
You must take full advantage of the unloaded information.
你应该充分利用这些下载的信息。
【考点6】agree 的用法
▲构词：
① disagree v. 不同意；不一致
② agreement n.
1. [U] 同意，一致
2. [C] 协定，协议
disagreement n. 意见不同
▲搭配：
① agree on sth (双方)商定某事；决定某事；在某方面达 成共识
② agree to sth (plan, suggestion, idea, arrangement) 同意…
③ sign / break an / the / one's agreement 签署／撕毁协 议
④ reach / arrive at / come to an agreement (with sb) (与某人)达成协议
▲ 句型：
① (quite) agree with sb (on / about sth) agree with (one's opinion / view / what clause) (在某方面)赞
成某人的意见；同意某人(的观点或看法)；与某人的 意见相同 (on后接讨论的具体内容；about后接讨论 的主题)
② sth agree with sb 适合(某人)；适应(某人)
③ sth agree with sth... 与……一致／相符
④ agree to do sth 同意做某事
⑤ agree that clause 认为；认同
⑥ agree to one's doing sth = agree to let sb do sth 同意 某人做某事
⑦ sth be agreed 大家都同意
⑧ It's generally agreed that... 人们普遍认为…… ⑨ (be)in agreement with sb (about sth) / what sb said (在某方面)与某人意见一致
⑩ (be) in agreement with sb. (on this / that point) (在 这／那一点上)同意某人
▲ 友情提示：英语中绝不能使用agree sb to do sth 句 式。
【考例6】(1999上海) The manager has ____ to im— prove the working conditions in the company.
A. accepted B. allowed
C. permitted D. agreed
[考查目标] 考查动词的搭配与用法。
[答案与解析]D allow和permtt相同，经常接doing
或sb. to do；accept一般接名词或代词作宾语；而agree 后面可以接动词不定式作宾语。
8. cheat vt. vi. 欺骗，作弊 n. 骗子
常用结构：cheat sth. (out) of sb. 骗某人东西 The beggar cheated money of the old lady at the railway station.
乞丐在车站骗了那位老太太的钱。
It's wrong to cheat in exams.
考试作弊是不对的。
注：作名词时通常用 cheat，也可以用 cheater。
He is nothing but a cheat.
他只不过是个骗子。
【考点3】employ 的用法
▲ 构词：
① employer n. 雇主；老板
② employee n. 雇员；雇丁
③ employment n. 雇用；就业；工作；职业
④ unemployment n. 失业；失业状态
▲ 搭配：be employed in 从事，忙于
▲ 句型：
① employ sb (主动) → sb be employed (被动)
② employ sb as + 职业／in 或 at + 地点(主动)
→ sb be employed as + 职业 ／ in 或 at + 地点 (被动， 更常见) 在某单位任某职；受雇于某单位当／任…… ③ employ sb to do sth (主动) → sb be employed to do sth (被动)
④ be employed in doing sth / on sth... 忙于干某事．从 事于某事，时间花在……
⑤ employ oneself in doing sth / on sth 忙于干某事，从 事于……，时间花在……
⑥ employ one's spare / free / much time in doing sth. 花业余／更多时间千某事
▲辨析：employ; engage; hire; let; rent; take on
该组词均意为“雇用”，但employ较正式，官方文件一 般用employ。受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高 的职业人员，有“聘请”之义，强调工作，不像hire那样 侧重于报酬。engage作“雇用某人”解，常指临时或短 期的雇用，侧重于雇用专业人员，侧重于动作。hire和 rent都有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人 以收取费用”之意，rent在英国英语中多指用于长时间 的场合。如：rent a house，a flat，a TV等；hire多指临 时租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，a camera，a bicy— cle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting等，指人时， 有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。而在美国英语中，rent既 可用于长时间的出租，也可用于短时间的出租，多指客 户向主人租用房子、土地或其他物品，也可指出租。 hire在美国英语中可用来指“雇用(give a job to)”。Iet 作“租用”时，一般指出租人向外出租房子、房间等。另 外rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费”。take on较口语 化，表示“雇用某人”。例如：
The firm employs the retired professor as an adviser. 这 家公司聘这位退休的教授担任顾问。
The foreign teachers were engaged from Canada. 这些 外籍教师是从加拿大招聘来的。
Our school hired the local theatre for its annual con— cert. 我们学校租用了当地的影剧院举行了一年一度的 音乐会。
Have you any rooms to let? 你有房间出租吗?
She lets the cottage to holiday-makers in the summer. 她把房子租给夏天来度假的人。
Our house has been rented by a newly-married couple. 我们的房子被一对新婚夫妇租去了。
Boats are let / rent out in the park for 20 yuan per
hour. 公园里出租小船，每小时的租金是20元。 We have decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department. 我们已经决定在会计部雇用一名新职员。 ▲ 友情提示：英语中“雇用”的其他表达法：take on； hire；have sb doing sth；rent (租用)；use (借用)；“解 雇；开除”的表达法：fire；dismiss；turn / send away； lay off。
【考例3】(2003北京春招)
-- How long ____ at this job?
-- Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you be employed
[考查目标] 考查上下文中时态的运用。
[答案与解析]B 从问句中的how long和回答中的 Since 1990都可以知道应该选现在完成时态表示对现 在的影响。
6. employ vt. 雇用，使用
The farmer employed more workers at harvest time. 这个农场主在收获季节雇用更多工人。
It's important to employ words in writing poem.
写诗用词很重要。
也可以解释为“忙于，从事”。
They were employed in writing when I came.
我来的时候他们正忙于写东西。
注：要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法：employee (雇工， 雇员)，employer (户主，东家)，employment (就业，雇 用)。
【考点4】energy 的用法
▲ 构词：
① energetic adj. 精力充沛的，需要精力去做的
② energetically adv. 精力充沛地
▲ 搭配：
① save one's energy for 为……而保存精力
② be full of energies 精力充沛，精力旺盛
③ devote one's energy to (doing) sth 致力于
④ concentrate one's energy on 集中精力在……上
▲友情提示：泛指一般意义的“精力”，不可数；具体指 某人做事的“精力”，用复数。
【考例4】[NMET 1996]Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ____.
A. energy B. source
C. power D. material
[考查目标] 本题考查 energy 及其近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]A natural gas和wind属于energy范 畴。
【考点7】fact 的用法
▲句型：英语中的“事实上。实际上，其实”可表达为： ① as a matter of fact
② in (actual) fact
③ in point of fact
④ The fact (of the matter) is (that)...
⑤ It's a fact that...
在提供某种信息来强调已经说过的某物／某事时，或在 不同意某人说过的某物／某事时，使用以上表达。
【考例7】(2004浙江) The winter of 1990 was extremely bad, ____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.
A. At last B. In fact
C. In a word D. As a result
[考查目标] 考查短语在实际语境中的用法。
[答案与解析]B at last 表示“最后”；in fact 表示“事 实上”；in a word 表示“总而言之”；as a result表示“结 果是”。结合上下文意思应该是“19xx年冬天特别糟 糕。事实情况是，大多数人都说是他们一生中最糟糕 的一个冬天”。
【考点2】form 的用法
▲ 构词：
① formation n. 形成；组成
② formal adj. 形式上的；正式的
③ informal adj. 非正式的
▲ 搭配：
① form in line 站好队；排成纵队
② in the form of 以……形式
③ fill in / out the form 填表格
④ be in / out of form 处于良好(不好)的竞技状态 ⑤ in form 形式上
【考例2】(2004全国卷III) Reading is an experience
quite different from watching TV; There are pictures ____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form
C. forming D. having formed
[考查目标] 考查非谓语动词的实际运用。
[答案与解析]C There be 句型后面经常接动词-ing 形式表示该名词 pictures 与 in your mind 的关系是主 动的．而该动作表示主动进行。
3. form vt. & vi. 组成；形成 n. [C][U]形式；表 格；种类
[词组] in the form of 以……的形式
fiIl in / out forms 填写表格
take the form of 采取……的形式
in good form 竞技状态良好
form the habit of 形成……的习惯
Form good habits while you are young.
趁年轻时，养成好习惯。
4. influence n. [C][U] 影响(力)，感化(力) [U] 势 力，权力 vt. 对……有影响；感化
A teacher has great influence over his pupil. 教师对学生有很大的影响力。
Heredity and environment are influences on character. 遗传和环境是影响性格的因素。
5. judge v. 判断，判决 n. 法官，裁判
(1) 动词用法
Don't judge a person by his appearance.
不要以貌取人。
Judging from his skin，he is from Africa.
从皮肤判断他是非洲人。
注：虽然逻辑主谓上判断应该用Judged from...，但 习惯用法是Judging from...。
(2) 名词用法
Who will act as iudge in the final match?
谁担任决赛的裁判?
注：作“判决，判断”解时名词用judgment。 He is a man without judgment.
他是一个没有判断能力的人。
【考点5】remain 的用法
▲ 构词：
① remainder n. 剩下的(东西、人)
② remaining adj. 剩下的
③ remains n. 剩余物；遗址；废墟
▲ 句型：
① remain + n. / adv. / adj./ 分词 / prep. phrase 仍……
② remain to do / to be done 有待于……(remain to be seen / found 尚待分晓，有待于进一步观看，拭目以 待／尚待发现)
③ There remain(s)... 只剩下……；只留下……
【考例5】[NMET 2002] Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____
whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
[考查目标] remain 的基本用法。
[答案与解析]B remain 既是系动词，有时又作实义动 词。作实义动词的时候可以接动词不定式的各种形 式。包括不定式的被动式。
7. remain vi. 仍然，留下
可作为特殊系动词来理解，相当于"be still"，后面常 接形容词、分词等。
She remains weak after a year of rest.
休息一年后她的身体仍然虚弱。
作“留下”解释时，相当于"stay"后接副词或短语作状 语。
He will not remain alone at home.
他不愿单独留在家里。
9. require vt. 需要，要求
后面可以接名词、动名词，不定式和从句。 I require supper earlier today.
今天晚饭我需要早一点。
She required that we (should) call her up soon. 她要求我们应该马上打电话给她。
The documents require taking good care of.
= The document requires to be taken care of. 这些文件必需保管好。
注：sth. require doing 以主动形式表示被动意义，相 当于sth. require to be done。
1. state [C] n. 状态，国家，(美国等国)州
讲，声明，陈述
(1) 名词用法
Water has three states: solid, liquid and gas.
水有三种状态：固态、液态和气态。
Everything was in a state of order.
一切都井井有条。
(2) 动词用法
I stated my views at the meeting.
我在会上陈述了我的观点。
注：表示“陈述，声明”时名词是 statement。
The government issued an official statement. 政府发表了一项正式声明。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(fact, advantage, remain, employ, agree, surprise, form, energy)
1. It is generally ____ that taking drugs is very dangerous.
2. What ____ me most was that a girl of only six could play the violin so well.
3. After finishing his college education. Susan ____ in a big company as a secretary.
4. This method has the ____ of saving a lot of fuel.
5. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ____ poor.
6. It is a ____ that English is being accepted as an international language.
7. Have a good rest; you need to save your ___ for the tennis match this a|ternoon.
8. A plan began to ____ in his mind.
【短语归类】
【考点5】clear up 和clean up
① clear up 整理；消除；澄清；放晴
② clean up 彻底打扫；清理干净
[例句] Would you clean up this room before our visitors arrive?客人到来之前，你打扫房间好吗?
She WOUld like to have a talk with her classmate to clear up their misunderstanding. 他想和同学交谈以解除他们 之间的误会。
There are some points I'd like to clear up. 有几点我要 澄清一下。
【考例5】On his mother's arrival，the crying boy's face ____.
A. cleared up B. clearled up
C. was lit up D. reflected up
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语辨义问题。
[答案与解析]A light up此处不用被动态。D不合 题意。
【考点l】与 consist 有关的短语
① consist of 由……组成 (= be made up of) ② consist in 在于
[例句] The club consists of more than 200 members. 俱 乐部南200多个成员组成。
The beauty oF the village consists in its clean air and
peaceful environment. 这个村庄的美丽之处在于它清洁 的空气和幽静的环境。
▲ 友情提示：consist of 不用于被动语态。
【考例1】The opening province which ____ thirteen counties and three coastal cities will quicken its paces of economic development.
A. consists of B. makes up
C. is included D. is contained
[考查目标] 此题主要考查相似意义的短语或动词的用 法辨义问题。
[答案与解析]A B应该使用被动结构．即：is made up of。C不应该使用被动语态。而D本身是错误的， 在本题中不可使用。
10. deal with 处理，对付
How can I deal with the problem?
我应该如何处理这个问题?
(相当于：What can I do with the problem?) Deal with aman as he deals with you.
以其人之道还治其人之身。
deal with 也可译作“与……有生意来往”。 We have dealt with the finn for many years. 我们和这家公司有多年生意来往。
【考点4】in store
have / keep / hold...in store 储藏着；准备着；将发生的
[例句] Nobody knows what the future may hold in store. 没有人知道将来会是怎样。
There was a big surprise in store. 有一个大惊奇在等着 呢。
【考例4】There was another accident ____ for him that day.
A. in the way B. in store
C. in effect D. in case
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语辨义。
[答案与解析]B in the way 挡路。in effect 事实上。 in case 万一，以防。
【考点2】与 point 有关的短语
① at the point 在某处；一度
② to the point 切中要点
③ off the point 离题
④ be on the point of doing sth when... 正要做某事…… 突然
⑤ There's no point (in) doing sth 做某事没有意义 ⑥ point at / to 指向
⑦ point out 指出
[例句] At one point at the meeting the manager nearly lost his temper. 会上经理一度几乎大发脾气。
His remarks on the matter were much to the point. 他就 这事的评论非常切中要点。
The boy was on the point of going to bed when the tele— phone rang. 这孩子正要上床睡觉这时电话响了。 There's very little point in arguing further. 再争论下去 意义不大。
【考例2】The peaks flue so close to each other that the distance between them ____ is 5 meters.
A. to the point B. at one point
C. at the point D. On the point
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B 两座山峰如此紧靠着以至于最贴近 的一处距离仅为五米。
【考点3】“动词 + 名词 + 介词”短语
① make the most of = make the best of = make full use of 充分利用
② pay attention to 注意
③ take care of 照看；照顾
④ take notice of 注意
⑤ make notes of 纪录
[例句]The most must be made of these natural re— sources to develop the economy of the country. 要充分 利用自然资源来发展国家的经济。
Our attention should be paid to water pollution. 我们应 该注意水的污染问题。
▲ 友情提示：这类三词词组的被动态形式有两种：一是 把介词后的宾语作为被动态的主语；二是把中间的名 词作为被动态的主语。
【考例 3】Has the boy who was made use of ____ realized his mistakes?
A. stealing B. to steal
C. for stealing D. stolen
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语后的非谓语动词形式。
[答案与解析]B “利用……去做某事”。要用不定式作 目的状语，即：makeuse of...to do sth。句中的of有宾 语，就是前面的the boy。题意是：那个被人利用去偷盗 的男孩意识到自己的错误了吗?
[牛刀小试2]
1. Education does not consist simply ____ learning a lot of facts.
A. in B. with C. of D. for
2. The boy received low marks for his essay, as much of
it was ____ the point.
A. to B. at C. on D. off
3. The ____ should be made of the working time ____ production.
A. most; to increase
B. use; increasing
C. best; and be increased
D. full; for increasing
4. The electricity was cut off because of the storm. luckily we had plenty of candles ____ store.
A. with B. at C. for D. in
5. It was still rainy this morning but now it has
at last.
A. cleaned up B. cleared up
C. cleaned away D. clcared away
☆词语比较☆
1. pleasant, pleasing, pleased
(1) pleasant 可作定语和表语。修饰事物，不能修饰 人。因此句子的主语只能是表示事物的词语，而不 能是人。意思是“令人愉快的，令人高兴的”。 I hope you'll have a pleasant holiday.
我希望你能过一个愉快的假期。
(2) pleasing “令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，表示宁静、 满意、令人满足之意。侧重于表示接受对象的情感， 传递主观感受。比 pleasant 稍弱。主语可为人或事 物。
An actor should have a pleasing personality.
表演者应当具有一种令人愉快的个性。
(3) pleased “高兴的，感到满意的”含义与glad基本相 同。作表语时，句子的主语只能是“人”，而不能是表 示事物的词语。be pleased with 表示“对……表示满 意”之意。
She had a pleased look 0n his face.
她脸上露出了满意的表情。
2. be made up of, be made of, be made from, be made into
(1) be made up of 由……组成。
The United States is made up of fifty states. 美国由五十个州组成。
(2) be made of 由……制成 (成品看得出原料)。 The table ismade of wood.
这张桌子由木材制成。
(3) be made from 由……制成(成品看不出原料)。 This kind of paper is made from wood.
这种纸张由木材制成。
(4) be made into 由(原料)……制成(成品)。 The bamboo can be made into many useful things. 竹子可以制成很多有用的东西。
3. lay, lie
(1) lay 常用作及物动词，意为“放置，铺设；产(卵)； 布置；下蛋”等，是不规则动词。其变化为：laid, laid, laying。
She laid the paper on my desk.
她把文件放在我桌子上。
The workers are laying down a cable.
工人们在铺设电线。
(2) lie 作不及物动词。其基本含义是：躺；卧；位于， 是不规则动词。其变化为：lay, lain, lying。
The hospital lay where a school is located.
这个医院过去就在现在学校所在的地方。
(3) lie作不及物动词。它的另一个含义是：说谎，是 规则动词。其变化为：lied, lied, lying。
"He is lying," said the girl angrily, lying on the hay. “他在说谎。”那个女孩躺在干草上，气愤地说。
4. in time, on time
(1) in time 除了译作“及时”，还可译作“最终”或“总 有一天”。
Her helping me in time saved me plenty of time. 她的及时帮助使我省了很多时间。
(2) on time，意为“准时”
Everyone is requiredtobe present atthe party on time. 要求每个人准时参加聚会。
time 组成的词组已学过的还有: at a time (一次), in no time (立刻), at that (the) time(那时), at times (有 时), at any time (在任何时候)等。
☆句型诠释☆
1. ...to see it as it really is: a nation 0f different
countries held together by a coinmon language and culture.
……结果大不列颠 (it) 的现实依然是：一个由共同 语言文化联系在一起的不同国家组成的联邦。 as + 主语 + be意为“如同……事实”。
We have to face up to the fact as it is.
我们必须面对现实。
The old trees are as they were fifty years ago.
这些树和五十年前没什么两样。
2. Mobile phones stop teenagers from spending money on clothes or cigarettes.
有了移动电话使少年把更少的钱花在服装和抽烟方 面。
“stop...(from) doing...”意为“阻止……做，防止 ……发生”，from可省略。
The accident stopped me (from) arriving on time. 这场事故使我没能及时到。
The waste water is stopped from being poured into the river.
废水禁止倒入这条河里。
注：stop用作被动语态时from不能省略。
3. They realize that it is 0f great value t0 record and teach them to the younger generation.
“of + 抽象名词”相当于一个形容词在句中作表语、 定语或补语。“it is of great valHe”相当于“it is greatlv valuable”。
The meeting is of great importance.
这次会议很重要。
The medicine proves (to be) of little help.
这种药证明无效。
she is a girl of strong will.
她是一个意志坚强的女孩。
4. To ensure safety, the train is controlled by an advanced computer system.
为了确保安全，火车由先进的电脑系统控制。 不定式放句首通常表示目的。
To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了让别人听见，他提高了嗓门。
To look after her sick father, she had to ask for a two-week leave.
为了照顾生病的父亲，她请了两周假。
5. It + (so) happenthat...
该句型意为“(那么)碰巧／偶然……”
It so happened that you were out when I called you. 那么巧，我打电话给你时你不在家。
It happened that I met an old friend of mine in the park yesterday.
昨天我在公园偶然遇到我的一个老朋友。 注：上述从句可用不定式改写为：
You were happened to be out when...
I happened t0 meet an 0ld mend of mine…
6. It doesn't matter / makes no difference that...
用法类似，意思相近，意为“没关系／不要紧”。 It doesn't matter who will go with me.
谁和我去都可以。
It makes no difference whether he will go or not.
他去不去无关紧要。
【句型归纳】
【考点1】In the summer months the difference in temper- ature between London and the north can be as much as nine degrees. 夏季，伦敦和北方的温差可达9度。 本句中，as much as 的意思是“与……差不多。多达 ……”，表示“量”上的比较。例如：
The difference between his income and mine can be as much as l,000 yuan at least. 他的收入和我的至少相差 1000元。
注意，类似的表达方式还有：
as many as 多达……(表示“数目”上的比较)
as far as 远至……
as long as 长达……
As many as 100,000 people watched the boxing game. 多达10万人观看了拳击比赛。
They walked as far as the seashore. 他们走到了海边。
【考例l】(2003上海春招) After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for ____ an hour,
thinking of her young and happy days.
A. as long as B. as soon as
C. as much as D. as many as
[考查目标] 本题考查as...as的用法。
[答案与解析]A 本题中，根据题意可以知道，应为“长 迭一小时”，选项A中的as long as表示“(时间等)长 达”；选项B表示“尽快”；选项C表示“(数量等)多达 ……”；选项D也表示“多达……”。
【考点2】Will people still get sick?人们还会生病吗? 本句中，要注意get作为连系动词的用法。get作连系 动词接形容词时。表示“进入或变为某种状态”；接形容 词化了的过去分词时。表示“遭到。受到”，主要用于谈 论意想不到的、突然的或偶然发生的情况，谈论为自己 做的事情，即自身做的动作而不是被动的动作。
This skirt is getting dirty；it needs washing. 裙子脏了， 需要洗洗。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 有些玻 璃杯在搬运途中打碎了。
【考例2】(2002北京) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ____ run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
[考查目标] 本题考查get的用法。
[答案与解析]B 根据本题题意“过这条繁忙的马路要
小心，否则你会被汽车轧死的”，需要填get表示“遭到。 受到”。
【考点3】The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips, Speakers' Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past. 认为鱼块加薯条、演讲角、大本钟和伦敦塔象征 英国的时代已经过去了。
本句中，要注意that引导的同位语从句。它是名词性 从句的一种，一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope (希望)．fact(事实)，belief(信仰)。news(消息)，idea
(主意；观念)，promi’se(承诺)，i nIormation(信息)，con— clusion(结论)，order(命令)，suggestion(建议)，prob— lem(问题)，thought(想法)等的后面，用来解释或说明 这些名词的具体内容。引导词常用that(一般不可省 去)，此外还有whether，when．where，who，what， which，why，how等。选用引导词时，要结合整个句意 来考虑。例如：
The question who should do the work requires consider— ation. 谁该干这项工作这个问题需要考虑。
He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents. 他为是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折 磨着。
【考例3】(2001上海) Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admit— ted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
[考查目标] 本题考查考生对名词性从句的辨析和运用 能力。
[答案与解析]B 本题纵观全句可知 information 与同 位语从句被谓语动词隔开。根据句意，应用that来引 导。而while，when，as都用来引导状语从句。
【考点4】People in the future will be able to enjoy a lon— ger and healthier life remain active even in old age. 未来 的人类能够更加长寿。生活更加健康。
本句中，remain 后常接不定式、现在分词或过去分词， 但意义不同。不定式表示将来的动作，现在分词、过去 分词表示完成的被动动作。例如：
The death of the innkeeper still remained a mystery. 酒 店老板的死还是一个谜。
The fact remains to be proved. 事情还有待查实。
【考例4】(NMET 2002) Having a trip abroad is certain- ly good for the old couple, but it remains ____
whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
[考查目标] 本题考查动词remain的用法。
[答案与解析]B 本题题意为“到国外旅行当然会对这 对老夫妇有好处，但他们是否会玩得开心要以后才知 道”，需要填表示将来的动作同时又含有被动意义的不 定式。选项A为不定式，但为主动的动作；选项C为现 在分词。表示正在进行的动作；选项D为过去分词，表 示完成的被动动作。
[牛刀小试3]
1. It is generally believed that teaching is _____ it is a science. (NMET 2001)
A. an art much as
B. much an art as
C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as
2. Our neighbor has ____ ours. (2003 北京)
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. a house the same big as
3. ____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (2004 北京、安徽卷)
A. As long as B. As far as
C. Just as D. Even if
4. -- How are the team playing.'?
-- They're playing well, but one of them ____ hurt. (2002 北京春招)
A. got B. gets C, are D. were
5. Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you won't have time to ____ before the party. (NMET 2004)
A. get changed B. get change
C. get changing D; get to change
6. ____ is no possibility ____ Bob can win the
first prize in the match. (上海 2001 )
A. There; that B. It; that
C. There; whether D, It; whether
7. There's a feeling in me ____ we'll never know what a UFO is -- not ever. (上海 2002)
A. that B. which
C. of which D. what
8. A story goes ____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海)
A. when B. where
C. what D, that
【交际速成】
【考点1】怎样用英语表达自己的同意或不同意的观点 (2004福建)
-- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
-- ____. I love getting close to nature.
A. I couldn't agree more
B. I'm alraid not
C. I believe not
D. I don't think so
[答案与解析]A 这道题考查的是对别人的邀请的回 答。根据上文可知，对方是邀请周末去野餐，而回答的 第2句话是说“我喜欢接近大自然”，所以可以推测，答 话人是同意去的。A项表示“很赞成”，B项表示“不愿 意去”，C项表示“不相信”，D项表示“不去”。故只有A 项正确。
【归纳】常见的表达有：
① I'm afraid I can't agree with you.
② That's true / right.
③ I (don't) think so / that's right.
④ No problem.
⑤ I'm not sure about that...
⑥ I believe that you've got it right.
⑦ Surely it might be
⑧ No, you are wrong thinking that... 例如：
Surely it might be possble to learn it from maps. 当然 可以从地图中学习。
I think you are wrong thinking that it wilI tike anyone a short time to learn English, but a long time to learn
Chinese. 学英语花的时间短，学汉语花的时间长，我觉 得你这样想是错误的。
【考点2】如何用英语征求对方的意见
(2004 湖北)
-- Will $200 ____?
-- I'm afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A. count B. satisfy
C. fit D. do
[答案与解析]D 通过分析可以看出，这道试题考查的 能力可以具体归纳为三个方面：特定语境中理解运用 语法知识的能力；特定语境中理解运用词汇知识的能 力；特定语境中理解运用日常交际用语的能力，由此可 以看出试题考查的趋势是：考查点由强调语法结构向 灵活的语言运用转移、词义理解设问更加灵活多变。 sth will do 是一种比较固定的说法，在口语表达中比较 常见，意思为“……够了，……行了”。故只有D项正
确。
【归纳】在英语中用来表达征求对方意见的方式还有： ① Is it OK?
② Is that right?
③ Will it do?
④ What / How about...? 例如：
-- Are two chairs 0K? 两把椅子行了吗?
-- No, not enough. We still need another five. 不，不 够，我们还要五把。
【考点3】如何用英语应答对方的请求
-- I am going shopping. Do you think I could borrow your bike? -- ____.
A. Yes, you could
B. No, you may borrow
C. No, go on
D. Yes, go ahead
[答案与解析]D 此题主要考查交际语言中的逻辑推 理和语言习惯。句中的情态动词“could”是请求对方帮 忙或同意自己做某事时婉转用语，而答语中没有必要 再用婉转的词语，因此选项A被排除。选项B和C语 言逻辑不对，选项D中的 go ahead 也可改成help yourself，也可以直接用“Yes, you can”回答。故此题 只有选项D正确。
【归纳】常见的表达应答对方请求的方式还有： ① Certainly / Sure / Surely / Of course.
② Go ahead, please.
③ You'd better not.
④ Do as you please like. 例如：
-- Can I take a look at your copy of China Daily? 我可以 看看你的《中国日报》吗?
-- Sure, go ahead, please. 当然可以，请。
[牛刀小试4]
1. -- I believe we've met somewhere before.
-- No, ____.
A. I don't think so B. I'd rather not
C. it mustn't be true D. it isn't the same
2. -- Can I give you a lift?
-- ____. I would prefer to walk.
A. Yes, please
B. That's very kind of you
C. I don't need your help
D. No, thanks
3. -- Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? -- ____.
A. Yes, you may borrow
B. Yes, you could
C. Yes, go on
D. Yes, help yourself
4.-- Would you like me to carry this box upstairs?
-- ____. I can manage myself.
A. No, thanks B. It's my pleasure
C. That would be nice D. Yes, please
5. -- Shall I tell John about it?
-- No, you ____. I've told him already. (NMET
1994)
A. needn't B. wouldn't
C. mustn't D. shouldn't
☆精典题例☆
( )1. ____ two exams to worry about, I have to
work really hard this weekend. (2004北京)
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D. Because of
【解析】选A 语境表明动作尚未发生，所以用with +名词+不定式。Besides和Because of不能用to worry about。
( )2. If you keep on, you'll succeed ____.
A. in time B. at one time
C. at the same time D. on time
【解析】选A 句意“只要你坚持，最终一定会诚功 的。” on time意为“准时”，at one time意为“曾经”或(过 去)有一段时间”。
( )3. Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A. touch B. relation
C. connection D. friendship
【解析】选A keep in touch (with)是一种固定搭配。
( )4. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell Other people the pa~word 0f your e-mail account. (2005上海)
A. What is required B. What required
C. It is required D. It requires
【解析】选C 用 require 被动式，It为形式主语。
( )5. ____ from other continents for millions of years, Anstralia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005 湖北)
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Haring been separated
D. To be separated
【解析】选C separate是及物动词，句意为“已经分 开几百万年”，因此用分词完成时的被动语态。
( )6. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have ____
one-year-old twins at the head. (2004上海)
A. isolated B. separated
C. divided D. removed
【解析】选B separate用于“把两者分开”，isolate意 为“隔离”。
( )7. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ____ going
back to school, but she hasn't decided yet. (2004 北京)
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to consider
【解析】选B 句意“一直在考虑重返工作岗位”，显 然说话时还在考虑，所以用现在完成进行时。
( )8. The manager has fallen asleep where he ____, without undressing. (2005安徽)
A. was laying B. was lying
C. had laid D. had lied
【解析】选B 语境是“经理躺着睡着了”。