高二英语必修5知识点总结
一．重要词组及其用法
Unit 1 1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将?提前；把钟表拨快 He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。 The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。 Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。 【词语扩展】 put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 put down: 放下；写下，记下 put off: 推迟；延期 put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧） put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷） 2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定 The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。 conclusion: n. 结论 draw a conclusion 作出结论 3. defeat vt. 打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效
He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome
defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”。 defeat the enemy 打败敌人 conquer指“征服”、“战胜”，特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,
如: conquer nature 征服自然。
overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如: overcome difficulties 克服困难。 4. attend: v. 1) 出席；参加 He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。 2) 照顾；看护 Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？ 3）伴随 The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。 5. expose...to...把……暴露于…… Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long. 不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间。 They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire. 他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火。 6. blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人 He blamed the boy for his mistake. 【扩展】be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任 Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？ 7. in addition: 除此之外，另外； I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元。 In addition to English, he has to study a second language. 除了英语以外，他还要学习第二外国语。
区别: in addition to, except, besides,beside in addition to：除?之外，还有?，表示递进关系。
The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。 except: 除?之外，表示在整体中排除； Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬。
besides表示“除了??以外，还有??”； Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。 We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。 beside : 在?旁边，表示方位； Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上坐我旁边。 8. announce: 公布；宣告 He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。 9. absorb v. 1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。 2）专心于 be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的 The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。 10. challenge n. 挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗 vt. 向...挑战, 要求, 怀疑； vi. 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议 meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战
Unit 2: 1. consist of 由??组成 (没有进行时） The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2. 区别: separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来） divide...into 把?分开（把整体分为若干部分） The teacher divided the class into two groups. 3. debate about sth. 辩论关于某事 They debate about the proposal for three days. 4. clarify: vt./vi. 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了 I hope what I say will clarify the situation. Can you clarify the question? 5. be linked to 连接到…… link A to B 将A和B连接起来 6. refer to 1)提及，指的是?? When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us? 2) 参考；查阅；询问 If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries. Please refer to the last page of the book for answers. 3) 关系到；关乎 What I have to say refers to all of you. This rule refers to everyone. reference: n. 参考 reference books 参考书
7. to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 8. find +宾语＋宾补 You'll find him easy to get along with. They found themselves trapped by the bush fire. 9. get sth done 使某事被做?? I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被??.” Be careful when you cross this very busy street. 10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除? It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits. The man broke away from his guards. 【词组扩展】 break down (汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控 break in 闯入；打岔 break off 中断，折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发;发生 break up 驱散；分散，拆散 11. as well as 不仅?而且；既?又? He is a teacher as well as a writer. The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street. 12. convenience: n.方便；便利 We bought this house for its convenience.
13. attraction: 1). 吸引；引力(不可数 n.) 2). 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数 n.) attraction of gravitation 重力 He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day. 14. influence 1) v. 对?产生影响 What influence you to choose a career in teaching? 2) n. 产生影响的人或事 He is one of the good influences in the school. 3) n. 影响 A teacher has great influence over his pupils. Unit 3: 1. impression n. 印记；印象；感想； My first impression of him was favourable. 他给我的第一印象不错。 I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我觉得他们不满于当时的状况。
【知识拓展】 impress v. 给??留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动； impress sth. on/upon sb 给??留下深刻的印象；使铭记； It impressed me that she remembered my name. 令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。
2. remind v.提醒；使想起； remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事； remind sb.＋(that)/wh-从句 提醒某人??；使某人想起??；
remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到??；提醒某人某事 You remind me of your father when you say that. 你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。 3. constantly adv. 始终；一直；重复不断地 Fashion is constantly changing. 时尚总是日新月异。 4. previous adj. 先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的 No previous experience is necessary for this job. 这一工作无需相关的经验。
5. bend v. 弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身； bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事； bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服 bend the truth 歪曲事实 It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。 6. press v. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促 n. 报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界 She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板。 He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍坚持索赔。 7. switch n. & v. 用作名词表示“开关；转换” She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。 Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. 按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。 I can't work next week, will you switch with me? 下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？ 8. lack n. & v. 用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。 e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能
The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。 知识拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足
9. surroundings n.[pl.] 环境；surround v. 围绕；环绕 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。
启发学生思考问题，哪些单词用作名词时常用复数形式？ 10. catch/gain/get sight of 发现，看出 ? lose sight of 看不见,忘记 ? lose one's sight 失明 ? at first sight 一见就；乍看起来 At first sight, the problem seems easy. ? at (the) sight of 一看见就?? At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away. ? be in sight 看得见，在眼前 The island is still in sight. ? out of sight 看不见 Out of sight, out of mind. 11. take up to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用（时间）；占据（空间） to learn to or start to do sth 开始做（某项工作）；开始从事 to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受（建议或能得到的东西） e.g. The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地儿。 They have taken up golf. 他们学起打高尔夫球来了。
She took up his offer of a drink. 他请她喝一杯，她接受了。 He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责。 12. sweep up 打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起 e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把将孩子抱进怀里。 Unit 4: 1. concentrate vi. 聚精会神，集中思想，多与 on 和 upon 或连用 Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。 e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving. 开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。 Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country. 这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。 2. acquire vt. 获得, 学到，取得，拥有 acquired, acquiring e.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 她认真学习而精通英语。 Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born. 抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好，并不是生来就有的。 3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责，指控 accused, accusing e.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。
She accused him lying. 她指责他说谎. He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他误遭控告犯偷盗罪. 4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, ... = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful... e.g. This is a matter of great importance. 这是一件非常重要的事。 The book is of great value to me. 这本书对我来说有很大价值。 There is nothing interesting/of interest in today's newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么新鲜事。
5. journalist n.新闻记者；新闻工作者 e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位专门的新闻从业人员 6. delighted a. 高兴的, 快乐的 e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很高兴。 【词语联想】
delight n. 高兴, 愉快 ； vt. 使高兴, 乐于； vi. 感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)
e.g.Singing is her chief delight. 唱歌是她的主要爱好。 【习惯用语】 ? take delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐 ? find delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐 ? have delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐 ? to sb.'s delight 令人高兴的是... 7. assist n. 帮助, 协助； vt. 帮助, 促进； vi. 协助, 参加
【习惯用语 】 ? assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人[做某事] ? assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人[做某事] ? assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人[做某事] ◆ 区别: help, aid, assist 都含"帮助"、"援助"的意思。 ? help 系常用词, 意义较aid, assist 强, 指"以积极态度给予各方面的帮助", 强调"受助者得到帮助或好处", 并着重"受助者对帮助的需要"
e.g. Please help me arrange these papers. 请帮我整理这些文件。 ? aid 属较正式用语, 强调"帮助受助者脱离困难或危险", 有时意味着"强者援助弱者" e.g. They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
? assist是正式用语, 多指"在提供帮助时, 帮助者起次要或起协助作用"
e.g. She assisted him in his experiments. 她协助他做实验。 8. case n. 情况，事实 e.g. Is that the case？是这么回事吗？ 【习惯用语】 ? a hard case 无可救药或顽固不化的人; 难对付的人、处境困难或可怜的人、难办的事; 难治之症、古里古怪冒冒失失的家伙 ? as is often the case 这是常有的事 ? in any case 无论如何, 总之
? in case of 万一..., 如果发生... ? in no case 决不 ? in that case ? in this case 假如这样的话 ? It is not the case? 情况不是这样; 并非事实。 ? This is not the case? 情况不是这样; 并非事实。 ? That is not the case? 情况不是这样; 并非事实。 ? just in case 以防(万一) Unit 5： 1. first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。
短语联想 give/offer aid 援助 come to sb's aid 帮助某人 teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护 with the aid of 借助于 get injured 受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫 get - 型被动语态。又如： The computer got (was)damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候，电脑碰坏了。 My bike is getting (is being)repaired row. 我的自行车正在修理。 2. Protect 动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”。例如：
e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。 【短语联想】
? Keep... from... 不让/避免 ? stop... (from) ... 阻止 ? prevent...(from) ... 妨碍/防止 ? disable... from... 使??失去（能力/资格） ? save... from... 挽救、拯救 3.depend on 取决于。例如： e.g. The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少取决于你住哪里。
词义拓展 depend on 依靠，依赖：His family depends on him. 他的一家人全靠他养活。 依赖，信任：We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday. 我们相信你在星期五前能完成这项工作。 4. squeeze 动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”，例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子 常用句式
squeeze + 名词 + out(of/from) + 名词，例如： e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him. 那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多的钱。 over and over again 再三地。例如： I’ve told you over and over again not to do that.
我再三告诫你不要那样做。
5. hurt 既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。例如：
e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself. 小男孩从梯子上摔了下来 受了伤。
The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司机在事故中受了伤。 6. unless 除非??；如果不??。如： 7. icy adj. 冰凉的 -y 是个形容词后缀。如： windy 有风的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的 greeny 略呈绿色 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的 thirsty 饥渴的 dirty 脏的 snowy 下雪的 8. in place 放在适当的地方。如： e.g. The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。 Yon'd better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. 你最好把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。 9. sense n. 感觉 ? sense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉 ? sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 ? sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感
? sense of hunger 饥饿感 the sixth sense 第六感 10. variety n. 多样, 种类, 【习惯用语】
★ a variety of? 各种各样?? 【词语联想】 various a. 不同的, 各种的, 多方面的, 许多的 e.g. Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons. 由于种种原因,每个人赴会都迟到了。 语法：
一、过去分词 过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。 1. 作定语 作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如： There are many fallen leaves on the ground. This is a book written by a worker. 2. 作表语 过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked. 过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：
delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。 过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作。 The small village is surrounded by trees.（状态） The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.（动作） I'm interested in chess.（状态） 3. 过去分词做状语 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 ②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once. 由于太累了，孩子们马上就睡着了。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。 ③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词。 Heated, water changes into steam. 如果加热的话，水会变成水蒸气。
Given another chance, he will do better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 ⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。 Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom. 被学生包围着，那位老教师走进了教室。
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs. 教练出现了，身后跟着五条狗。 倒装句： 一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. 铃声响了。 Then came the chairman. 主席来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。 二、否定词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。
· nor, neither 放句首 Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不会游泳，我也不会。 · 用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。 Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。 Seldom was he late for class.他很少上学迟到。 ·用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中 Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我刚到车站,火车就离开了。 No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她刚离开,电话就响了。 Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老师来，他才完成作业。 三、用于 only 放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。 Only in this way can you master English well. 只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。
Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪个时间，他才做作业。 Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in. 直到他告诉我，我才意识到我有了什么样的麻烦。
省略句： 一、省略的目的 省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：
1．避免重复，减少累赘 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he
didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。
（省掉最后九个词，句子简洁了许多） 2．连接紧密，结构紧凑 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是 1994 年的获胜者，鲍勃是 1998 年的获胜者。
（Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑）
3．强调重点，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。 （后一分句省略谓语 speaks，突出了 too loud）
二、句子成分的省略 为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。 1．省略主语 Beg your pardon.请你原谅。 （= I beg your pardon.）） Serves you right. 你活该 （= It serves you right.） 2．省略谓语 Anything the matter? 要紧吗？ （= Is anything the matter?）
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。 （= The river was deep and the ice was thin.）
3．省略表语 Are you ready? Yes,I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。 （am 后面省略了表语 ready） 4．省略宾语 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须分析问题并解决问题。 (analyze 后省略了宾语 problems) Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry. 我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。 （wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes）
5．省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分钱，其余的都存了起来。 （the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money）
6．省略状语 （Even）The wisest man cannot know everything. 即使最聪明的人也不可能无所不知。
省略在句子中的应用
在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
1．简单句中的省略 依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。
Like more beer? 再要点啤酒吗？ （= Would you like more beer?）
—World you mind if I used your telephone?
用一下你的电话，你介意吗？ —Not at all. 一点也不。 （= I do not mind at all.）
—Will he pass this examination? 他这次考试会通过吗？ —Probably. 大概会的。
（= He will probably pass the examination.） 不依赖于上下文的省略。 All aboard! 请上船。 （= All go aboard.省略谓语） Haven't seen you for ages! 好久不见了！（省略主语 I） What about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样？
Sounds like a good idea.
听上去是个好主意。
2．并列句中的省略 （=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语）
Everybody appears well prepared. 看起来大家都准备好了。 （= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be）
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句子万分的一部分。 省略出现在后一分句
John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music. 约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。 （省略主语） 省略出现在前一分句 We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match. 我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。（前一分句省略谓语 + 宾语） 前后两个分句都出现省略
They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee. 复合句中的省略 在主从复合句中，活力的现象是很普遍的。
省略主句的句首部分。 （I'm）Sorry I couldn't go.
很抱歉，我不能去。
省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）。 （It is a）Pity he's failed.
很遗憾，他失败了。 If he says he'll come, he will(come). 3．在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是 be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是 it，常常可以把从句中的主语和 be 省略掉。 以 when, while, once, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句。 When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does. 入国问禁，入乡随俗。
4．在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。 省略谓语的全部
James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun. 詹姆斯比苏姗更喜欢戏剧。 Tom has as many books as Jack. 汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。 省略主语和谓语的一部分 Brown speaks French as fluently as English. 布朗说法语和英语一样流利。（as 后省略了 he speaks） 省略表语部分 Mrs White is not so young as she looks. 怀特夫人没有看上去那样年轻。（looks 后省略了 young） 省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语
He is working harder than before. 他现在工作比过去努力多了。（than 后省略了 he worked hard） 省略主语
He drank a little more than was good for him. 他喝酒稍有一点过量。（than 后省略了 it）
省略宾语
You spent more money than I had expected. 你花掉的钱比我预料的多。
（expected 后省略了that you should spend） 省略从句的全部 You are getting slimmer. 你越来越苗条了。（simmer 后省略了than you were before） 主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。 The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).