Unit 1
I词汇及结构
1. would rather do sth情愿做….
would rather sb did sth情愿sb做…
情愿做….而不愿意做…： would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth
= prefer to do sth rather than do sth
= prefer doing sth to doing sth
2.faith n. 信任,信仰 keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信
have faith in 相信, 信任
in good faith 老实地；诚恳地 faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的
3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text．
so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…)
so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…)
so much/little (不可数) (+that…)
such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数)
4.consequently adv. 所以，因此
Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it.
福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。
consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的
consequence n. 结果
as a consequence/result of = because of
5 .aim
1）n.
1(C) 目标 ○
without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的
achieve one?s aim
miss one?s aim 打不中目标
2(U) 对准, 瞄准 take aim at ○
2）v. (以枪等) 对准,瞄准 aim at
aimless a. 无目标的，无目的的
2打算,计划, 以……为目标, 立志做…… ○
aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到
6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的(representative)
typical example 典型事例
adj. evident明白的, 明显的(apparent)
n. evidence 证据;证明
It is evident (obvious) (to sb) that …..
7.realistic 现实主义的,逼真的,现实的 realism现实主义idealism realist现实主义 terrorism 恐怖主义 terrorist 恐怖分子
Socialism Socialist
real adj. 真的 realize v. 实现
8 adopt vt.
1).采取;采纳;吸收
After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。
2).过继,收养[(+as)]
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。 adopted adj. 被收养的，被采用的 adopted child
11.possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：
1）“有，拥有”。如：
The library possesses a number of the artist?s early works. 图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
2）“具有……的特质”。常见搭配有 be possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特征”。如： I?m afraid he doesn?t possess a sense of humor. 恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
He is possessed of great natural ability. 他很有天赋。
3）“支配，控制”。如：
He was possessed by the desire to be rich.
[n]. possession
1【c】财产，所有物（常用复数） ○
The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。 personal possessions个人财产
He lost all his possessions in the fire.
2【u】占有，拥有 ○
take possession of 占领，夺取
come into possession of 占有
in possession of (表主动）占有
in the possession of （表被动） …被占有
He is in ~ of the house. 他拥有这套房子。
The house is in the ~ of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下。
9.convince
convince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth.说服某人做…
Convince sb that使某人确信某事
convince vt. “使确信；使信服”
convince sb. of sth. / that ...
by coincidence 碰巧, 由于巧合
what a coincidence！多么凑巧的事情啊！
What a coincidence to meet you here. 真巧在这儿碰到你。
10.a great/ good deal 大量; 大量
Ever since the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. (adv.修饰v.)
A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.(n.) He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级)
a great/good deal of为adj，修饰[U]
A great deal of money was spent on the project. 那个项目花费了大量金钱。
1）修饰可数名词：
many a few
a good/great many
A great many buildings have been built along the street. a large/ big/ great/ / small number of
Many a +单数名词
More than one +单数名词
2）修饰不可数名词：
much
a good/great deal of
a large amount of (谓语动词用单数)
large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)
3）修饰可数和不可数名词
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)
large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)
10.attempt v.尝试，企图
v.①企图，试图；努力
②试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成
attempt doing反复尝试做
attempt to do企图做
1企图或努力 ○2袭击；攻击 n. ○
make an attempt to do sth
at doing sth
one?s first attempt 初次尝试
18.On the other hand
另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与on one hand连用。 On one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面 At hand在手边，在附近
By hand用手的，手工的
Go hand in hand with与……共同行动
19.Predict
1)v.预言，预测 后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。
2) n. Prediction 预言，预测
Her prediction turned out to be correct.她的预言证明是正确的。
20.Specific明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的
This kind of disease is specific to houses.这种病只有马才会得。
21.figure
1) 外形;体形;人影I saw a figure in the darkness.
2) 体态;风姿She has a slender figure.
3)人物;名人He has become a figure known to everyone.
4) 数字Where did you get those figures?
22.delicate
delicate china.精美的瓷器
23.1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的
2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地
3)aggression n.侵略（行动）aggressor n. 侵略者
24.In the flesh活生生，本人，亲自
Flesh n.肌肉； 肉
25.preference - prefer
1)更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]
2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C]
3)偏袒[U][(+for)]
4)优先(权);优惠权[U][C] in preference to 优先于
Have a preference for偏爱
in preference to… 优先于
26.Appeal
vi. 1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to sb for sth.
He appealed to me for help.
2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.
3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]
The idea appealed to Mary.
4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.
27.fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；
Reputation n.
1○名誉,名声[(+for)]
2○好名声,声望;信誉
live up to one?s reputation 不负盛名
lose one?s reputation 失去盛名；
win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉
28.、The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.
博物馆展示的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣。
more than＋名词意为“不仅仅”，more than just相当于not only, not just的意思。如：
1) more than+数词，意为“超过”相当于over，其反义词组为less than。如
There are more than two hundred people in the park. 公园里有200多人。
2)“more than＋形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如：
I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话十分满意。
She was dressed more than simply. 她穿着太朴素了。
3) 在“more ... than ...”结构中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分，常译为“是…… 而不是……” 或 “与其说……不如说……” 。如：
Unit 2
词汇和结构：
1.convey v. 传达；运送
convey ...to... 把……运到……
convey ...to sb. 向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等)
convey one's feelings 表达感情
2． transform v. 转化；转换；改造；变换
transform...into 把某人/物改变成……
transform ...from 从……中转变、转化……
3. appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的
Match the beginning of each sentence with the ___________ending.
Your clothes are hardly appropriate for a job interview.
你的服装不太适合求职面试时穿。
It is appropriate that he (should) make an apology to us.
他向我们道歉是合适的。
The house is not really suitable for a large family.
这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。
be appropriate to/for... 对……适合；适宜
It is appropriate/proper that... (should) do... ……是合适的
be suitable for/to... 适合的；适宜的
be fit for... 适合；胜任……
注意 appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等；suitable指适合某种情况或安排；fit指大小适合或胜任某职位；appropriate 等于very proper。
4. exchange n．/v. 交换；交流；调换；兑换
exchange sth. for sth. 拿……交换……
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
exchange money 兑换钱币
in exchange for... 交换；调换
do an exchange 作一下交换
cultural exchange 文化交流
5．sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者 v. 发起；举办；倡议；赞助
sponsor a plan 倡议计划
become one's sponsor 成为某人的赞助人/担保人
6. load n. 负担；负荷物v. 装载；给……负荷
take a load off one's mind 使卸下心上重负；使某人如释重负
have a load on one's mind 放心不下
loads of＝ a load of 许多……
7. take it/things easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
take one's time 别着急，慢慢来
take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/事
take...for granted 对……想当然，认为……理所当然
8. run out of 用完，用尽
run out 用完，耗尽
give out(物)用完，耗尽；(人)筋疲力尽；发出；分发；宣布
use up 用完；用光
run out＝give out是不及物短语，通常以物作主语；run out of ＝use up是及物短语，多以人作主语
9. make up of 构成，组成(用于被动)
be made out of 由……制成；用……改造而成
make up 组成；编造；化妆
make up for 弥补……
be made of/from 由……制成
be made into 把……制成
be made in(某物)产于某地
make it 获得成功；准时到达
make out 看清；分清；辨认清楚
make the bed 整理床铺
10. try out 测试；试验
try out for... 参加竞争……
try on 试穿
try one's best 尽力
try one's luck 试试运气
try one's skill/strength 考验自己的技术/体力
let out 发出；放走；泄露；加宽；加大衣服
let in 让……进来；放进
let down 放下；使失望
let off 开(枪)；放(烟火)；释放；让某人下车
【对比】 下列句型
The reason why...is/was that...(……的原因是……)句型中，一般用that引导表语从句，而不用because。
Unit 3
词汇：
1.abuse n．/v. 滥用；虐待
abuse of power 滥用权力
personal abuse 人身攻击
2. stress n. 压力；重音 v. 加压力于；使紧张
stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
3. ban v. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令
be banned from doing sth. 被禁止做某事
there be a ban on... 禁止；禁令
4. quit v. 停止(做某事)；离开
quit doing sth. 停止做某事
quit office/one's job 离职
5. effect n. 结果；效力
have a good/bad effect on 对……有好/坏的影响
be of no effect 没效果；无用
take effect(法律)生效；(药)奏效
bring/put ...into effect 实施
come/go into effect 生效
in effect 事实上；在实施；生效
side effect 副作用
6. desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的
be desperate for 极需要……；极向往……
be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事
7. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
be disappointed about/at/in... 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do 做某事失望
to one's disappointment 令人失望的是
8 ashamed adj. 感到惭愧；羞耻的
feel/be ashamed of 对……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
It's a shame that... ……遗憾
What a shame that... ……多么遗憾
9.due to由于……
be due to do sth. 预期做某事
注意 due to表示原因时只用来作状语或表语，不置于句首。
10. be/become addicted to 对……有瘾
addict oneself to 沉迷于；醉心于
11. be/get/become accustomed to 习惯于……
accustom sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事 be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
12. decide on 对……作出决定；选定
decide what/when/how to do... 决定什么/何时/如何做…… decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
make a decision 作出决定
make up one's mind (to do) 决心(做某事)
13. feel like (doing) 想要(做)……；感觉自己像
feel sorry for 为……感到难过、遗憾
feel at home 感到自在；不拘束
feel one's way 摸索着前进
14. in spite of 不顾；不管
despite＝in spite of 尽管……(后接名词、代词)
despite/in spite of the fact... 尽管，不管(同位语从句) regardless of... 不管，不顾……
15.take/run a risk/ risks 冒险
at risk处境危险；遭受危险
at the risk of 冒……的危险
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
16. get into 陷入；染上(习惯)；开始对……感兴趣
get into trouble 陷入困境
get into the habit of 染上……的习惯
get into panic 陷入恐慌
get (sth.) across (to sb.) (使某事)为人理解
get along/on with 进展；相处
get over 克服
get through 接通；完成
Unit 4
词汇：
1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena 现象
2. glance vi. look quickly at (sb./sth.) n. a quick look
glance at = take a glance at 匆匆一看；扫视
stare at 盯着看；凝视
glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视
3. decrease vt.&vi. become smaller or fewer;diminish;reduce
decrease/reduce…to/by…减小，降低到（了）；反义increase
4. exist vi. 存在
existence n.存在 生存 came into existence产生
5.. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for/to sb.提供/供应某物给某人
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
6. compare…to…把……比作
compare…with…把……和……比较
compared with/to与……相比（在句中常作状语）
7. come about发生come across偶然遇到come out出版，（花）开
8. build up 树立，逐步建立；增加；增进（健康）；集结
build up one?s health增进健康 build up a good reputation/fame树立良好的声誉；Traffic is building up.车辆在增多
9. keep on sth/doing sth 继续/坚持做某事 表动作的反复，有停顿
keep doing sth一直不断地做某事 表动作的持续，无停顿
.keep ….from….
stop…. (from)….
prevent…(from)….
10.. on the whole = in the main =in the abstract大体上，基本上，总的来说
On the whole, I am in favor of the idea.
11. make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性
make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to…）颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响（关系）
12. make sense (of)有道理；有意义；讲得通；明白；是明智的
13. put up with = stand = bear = stand for忍受， 容忍
14. up to as many as 多达;up till直到;胜任;正在干,从事着
15.consume v.---- consumer (n.).
16.as … as one can = as … as possible
as many as 多达
as long as 长达,只要
as far as远至,就…而论
as well as 和…一样好,也,和
as early as 早在
19．Without the ?green house effect?，the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33℃
▲这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句
=If there were no “green house effect”, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler
than it is.
But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)，there would be no modem industry． 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。
20. quantity
a large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可数或不可数名词。
注意:a large quantity of…作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large quantities of…作主语，谓语动词都用复数
Quantities of food were on the table.
Huge quantities of CO2 are added to the atmosphere.
Unit 5
1. appoint v. 任命；委派；约定；指定
appoint sb. to be/as... 任命/指派某人成为……
be appointed as/ to be... 被任命/指派为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
make an appointment (with) 与……约会
2.match，fit，suit
match用作及物或不及物动词，表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，即表示“与……相配，和……一致”；fit既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸大小“合适，合身”；suit表示“适合”，强调衣服的颜色、式样、质地等适合某人，也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位”等。
3. unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的
be unconscious of 未觉察到；未意识到……
fall/become unconscious 失去意识；不省人事
be conscious of 意识到……
be conscious that... 意识到；觉察到
4. anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的
be anxious about 担心；焦虑
be anxious to do sth. 急切干某事；渴望做某事
be anxious for 盼望；渴望
5. panic v．/n. 惊慌；恐慌
get into a panic 惊慌失措
in panic 惊慌地
注意 panic 的过去式和过去分词都是panicked；现在分词是panicking。
6.guarantee v. 保证；担保
guarantee to do 保证做；担保做
be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定做某事
be under guarantee 在保修期内
7. make one's way 前往；向前；慢慢成功
feel one's way 摸索着前进
fight/push one's way 推/挤着前进
wind one's way 蜿蜒前进
force one's way out/in 挤出去/进来
lose one's way 迷路
keep one's way 一直前进
make way for 给……让路
8.vary from...to 由……到……不等
The height of the land over 2,000 a variety of＝varieties of 种种的；各种各样的
注意 variety n．变化；多样性；varied adj. 种种的；多姿多彩的；various adj. 种种的(接复数名词或作表语)。