【初中英语语法总结】

【1 一般现在时的用法 】

1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语（提示词）： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3） 表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

【2 一般过去时的用法 】

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语（提示词）有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）

Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去） 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2）情态动词 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？

【3 used to / be used to 】

used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。

【4 一般将来时】

1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？

2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3） be +不定式表将来，（be to do ）按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

【5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。】

例如：

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

【6 be to和be going to】

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）

【7 一般现在时表将来 】

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。

2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3）在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。

4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。

【8 用现在进行时表示将来 】

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？

【9 现在完成时 】

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。

【10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时】

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

4）一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等

例如：

I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）

Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）

He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）

He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）

5）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

【12. since的四种用法】

1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如： I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。

2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：

I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。

3） since +从句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。

4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

【13. 延续动词与瞬间动词】

用于till / until从句的差异 （背句型）

延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如： He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。 （not .....until 句型）

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

第二篇：初中英语语法总结

初中英语语法总结（1）

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at(感官动

词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump

2 （比较级+ and +比较级） 表示“越来越……”

3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）

4 agree with sb 赞成某人

5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样

6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界

7 along with同……一道， eg : the studentsplanted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树

8 As soon as 一……就……

9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book

11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen= I am at the age of sixteen

14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始

15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg: At the end of the day

16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

初中英语语法总结（2）

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自

信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English. I feel that I can pass the test

18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时

19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing= She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing

21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night. I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视

23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me

24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为了……而生某人的气

25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高

26 be ashamed to 不好意思…

27 be away from 远离

28 be away from 从……离开

29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好

30 be born 出生于

B．情感型使动词：

情感型使动词表示客观事物使人产生情感上的变化，可以分为下列概念：（1）惊讶（surprise）；（2）高兴（delight）；（3）恼怒（irritation）；（4）烦扰（trouble）；（5）兴趣（interest）；（6）激动（excitement）；

（7）迷惑（bewilderment）；（8）坚信（ conviction）；（ 9）恐吓（fright）；（10）厌倦（tiredness）和（11）愤怒（anger）。这类动词用于被动语态时，要注意前置词的用法。分述如下：

（1）惊讶：

表示“惊讶”概念的情感型使动词，主要有surprise，astonish，astound，amaze，startle，stun，dumbfound，shock等，例如：

78）a．The taste surprised him，it was not as he'd imagined．

b．The taste made him surprised，it was not as he'd imagined．

c．He was surprised by the taste，it was not as he'd imagined．

（这味道使他大出意外，那完全不是他原先想的那样。）

79）a．The news astonished everybody．

b．The news made everybody astonished．

c．Everybody was astonished at the news．

（这个消息使大家感到惊奇。）

80）a．Sherlock Holmes astounded Dr Watson with his accurate analysis．

b．Sherlock Holmes made Dr Watson astounded with his accurate analysis．

c．Dr Watson was astounded by Sherlock Holmes with his accurate analysis．

（夏洛克·福尔摩斯精确的分析使华生医生感到惊奇。）

81）a．Their performance amazed me．

b．I was amazed at／by their performance．

（他们的演出使我惊奇。）

82）a．The explosion startled me out of my sleep．

b．I was startled out of my sleep by the explosion．

（爆炸声使我从睡梦中惊醒。）

83）a．The unfairness of their judgment stunned me．

b．I was stunned by the unfairness of their judgment．

（他们判决的不公正使我为之震惊。）

84）a．The strange news completely dumb-founded me．

b．I was completely dumbfounded at／by the strange news．

（这个奇怪的消息完全把我惊呆了。）

85）a．The news of her death greatly shocked me．

b．I was greatly shocked at the news of her death．

（她的死讯使我大为震惊。）

46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother

49 be mad at 生某人的气

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)

52 be not sure 表不确定

53 be on a visit to 参观

54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

55 be quiet 安静

56 be short for 是…的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth / be sorry for sb. eg : I am sorry for you 很遗憾做…/ 对某人感到抱歉 59 be sorry to hear that 很遗憾听到…

60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 很抱歉打扰某人

初中英语语法总结（7）

61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying rules

62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students aren’t strict with themselves 这些学生对自己不严格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格

64 be supposed to do 被要求干……

65 be sure 表确定

66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher) 我相信我的大脑（老师） 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

72 be the same as … 和……一样

73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

74 be worth doing 值得做……

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事

be afraid of sth 害怕某物

be afraid that 从句

初中英语语法总结（8）

76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache.

= He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以……开

始…… eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home

78 between…and… 两者之间

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给某人某东西 eg : I

borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money

82 by the end of 到……为止

83 call sb sth eg: We call him old Wang

84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人

初中英语语法总结（10）

101 enjoy doing sth。喜欢做某事

102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事

104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从……摔下来

105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上……

106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home

107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting

109 finish 完成+doing（名词）

110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人

111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door

112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her

113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发 (头发被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）

114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job

115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好