高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义外研版必修二Module 2
知识详解
① reduce vt. 减少;缩减;约束,限制;使降低,降职;
使……变为(某个状态)(回归课本P12)
reduce...to...把……减少到……,reduce...by...把……减少了……,reduce sb.to doing sth.迫使某人做某事;使某人不得不做某事,reduction n.缩小,减少;缩版,make a reduction减价
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①The expenses have been reduced to 1,000 yuan one month.
每月的费用已降到1,000元。
②The expenses have been reduced by 200 yuan one month.
每月的费用已降了200元。
③Eventually Charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets.
最后夏洛特被迫沦落到沿街乞讨。
④We can make a reduction if you buy in bulk.
如果你大批购买,我们可以降低价格。
1.Many students have dropped out of school and now the number of our class has ________50.
A.reduced by B.reduced to C.increased to D.increased by
解析:选B。reduce...to后面数字指减少后的总量,reduce...by后面数字指纯减少的量或比率。由上面说到drop,故排除C、D。
【即境活用】
2. Since then the number of people stopping smoking ________10%.
A.has reduced to B.reduces by C.has reduced by D.reduces to
解析:选C。由since then可判断主句应用现在完成时,排除B、D两项;再根据句意“自从那时戒烟人数减少了10%”,强调差额用介语by,故选C。
② likely adj. 很可能的,看来要发生的;(像是)可靠的,可信的;似乎有理的
adv. 很可能
(回归课本P9) Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school.
吸毒者更有可能在学校遇到麻烦。
【归纳总结】
① It is likely that he will be late.
=He is likely to be late.他可能会迟到。
②“He said you’d be giving them a lift.” “Not likely!”
“他说你会让他们搭便车。”“绝不可能!”
③It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
如果继续吸烟,你很可能会健康状况不佳。
④That means the price is likely to go down because of the competition.这意味着价格有可能因为竞争而下降。
【例句探源】
likely,possible,probable
三者都有“可能的”之意,区别如下:
(1)likely是形容词,表示某事很可能发生,与probable 意思相近,但主语可以是人也可以是物。常用于“It is likely that...或sb./sth.be likely to do...”句型中,但不能说“It is likely for sb.to do sth.”。
(2)possible可能性相对小,作表语时,主语不能是人,常用句式为“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”。
【易混辨析】
(3)probable 带有“很可能”的意味,语气比possible强,作表语时不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式为“It is probable that...”。
①It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
②It’s possible_to break with old habits.
③It is _probable that he will succeed.
3.Young Americans who don’t go to university ________get jobs which bring low income.
A.are likely to B.are possible to
C.were able to D.liked to
解析:选A。句意是:没有上大学的美国年轻人可能做一些低收入的工作。likely可用于sb./sth.is likely to do而possible不能。
【即境活用】
4.(山东青岛质检)A senior firefighter said it was__________that the fire,which broke out at midnight,was caused by someone on purpose.
A.possibly B.likely
C.probably D.obviously
解析:选B。根据It is likely that……句型得出答案,其它三个词都是副词,不能用于该句型。 ③ affect vt. 影响,对……有坏影响;(疾病)侵袭;假装;喜欢
(回归课本P9) Smoking in a park doesn’t affect other people in the same way.
在公园吸烟不会以同样的方式影响别人。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.
彼得·泰勒试图弄清计算机和互联网将如何影响我们的生活。
②(牛津P31)They were deeply affected by the news of her death.
她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。
③(高考辽宁卷)The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. 这项实验表明我们的生物钟受光线和温度的影响。
④She was affected with high fever.
她发高烧。
affect,effect,influence
三个词都有“影响”的意思。
(1)affect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。
(2)effect作“影响”讲时,通常用作名词,构成have an effect on“对……有影响”。effect作动词时,指“使(某事物)产生;使发生;引起”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。
(3)influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”。
【易混辨析】 ①
②Influenced by a high school biology teacher,he took up the study of medicine.
③This book effected a change in my opinion.
5.Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________the quality of the
programs.
A.lessened B.declined
C.affected D.effected
解析:选C。句意为:批评家认为电视被大量的广告所控制,这影响了节目的质量。affect常指不好的影响;lessen“减少”;decline“降低”,指力量、权力、数量等的削减;effect“引起;产生”,只有affect符合句意。
【即境活用】
④ recognise vt. 辨认出;认出;认识到;认知
(回归课本P19)Participants learn to recognise smoking triggers...
参与者学会分辨吸烟的诱因……
【归纳总结】
recognise sb./sth.as/to be承认某人/物是……;认出某人/物是……
It’s recognised that...人们意识到……
①Salera came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognised her.
赛莉娅回家时又瘦又弱,连她自己的孩子都几乎认不出她来了。
②He is recognised as the head of the company.
他被认为是公司的领导。
③It was recognised that he was not qualified for the work.
人们认识到他做这项工作不合格。
【例句探源】
recognise,know
(1)recognise 指把原来认识的人/物再次“辨认出”,是非延续性动词。
(2)know“认识并熟悉某人/物”,是延续性动词。
①Sometimes we can’t recognise,_one’s voice on the phone even though we know him/her. ②I know him so well that I can recognise his steps.
【易混辨析】
6.(高考辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles.
A.to recognize B.recognizing
C.recognize D.recognized
解析:选D。句意:Alexander试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。get sth.done表示使某事物被做,如get my hair cut表示理发;get her finger burnt表示她的手指被烧伤。
【即境活用】
7.—Oh,it’s you,Alice.I________you.You look much thinner than before.
—Not surprising.I’m on a diet.
A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recognize
解析:选A。本题强调是刚才没认出,故用一般过去时态。
⑤ break into 闯入,破门而入;突然……起来
(回归课本P13) The next day,I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder. 第二天,我闯入一户人家,偷了一台电视机和一台录像机。
break out突然爆发
break up打碎;拆散;分解
结束,break in打断(谈话); 突然闯入(in是副词) break through突破
break down瓦解,损坏,分解;机器坏了;失败;身体垮了
break away from摆脱(束缚);克服(习惯)
break off中断,折断,突然停止
【归纳总结】
①Thieves broke into our house while we were away on holiday.
我们外出度假时,小偷闯入了我们家。
②On hearing the news that the war was over ,the old woman broke into tears.
听到战争结束的消息,老人突然哭了起来。
③Don’t break into their conversation;they are discussing something important.
不要打断他们的谈话,他们正在讨论重要的事情。
【例句探源】
break into,break in
两者都有“闯入”之意。break into中,into是介词,后需接宾语;break in 是不及物动词短语,其中in是副词,不接宾语。另外,break into还有“突然……起来”之意,相当于burst into;break in还可以表示“插嘴”等。
①We had to break_into the house as we had lost the key.
②Never break_in while others are talking.
【易混辨析】
8.(海南三亚模拟)You’ll________sooner or later if you keep working like that.
A.break off B.break down
C.break into D.break out
解析:选B。句意:如果你继续那样工作,身体迟早会垮掉的。break down“垮掉”,符合题意。
【即境活用】
9. Scientists hope to________soon in their fight against the H1N1 flu virus.
A.break up B.break out
C.break through D.break in
解析:选C。句意为:科学家们希望能尽快在应对甲型H1N1流感病毒方面有所突破。break up“分解,打破”;break out“发生,爆发”;break through“突破”;break in“闯入,打断(谈话)”,据句意可知答案为C。