情态动词的基本用法及其区别

时间:2024.4.27

二:虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用“情态动词+have +done”结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 “对立统一”来概括。

1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用“统一”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:

must have done:

表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作“一定做了??”,只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done

疑问式为Can/Could...have done﹖。

could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作“可能做了??”。如:

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. (上海 20xx) A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended

D. shouldn’t have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上海’97)

A. mustn’t have arrived

B. shouldn’t have arrived

C. can’t have arrived

D. need not have arrived (C)

2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:

should have done / ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done / ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

need have done:表示过去本来有必要去做某事,但事实上没有做。

need not have done:表示过去本来没有必要做某事,但事实上却做了。如:

3) I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.

(NMET20xx)

A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

“本不应该离家出走却走了”,故本题选B。

4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.

(NMET’94)

A. had to write it out

B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out

D. ought to write it out

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系,分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考

查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做这样的试题时应认真分

析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

5) —Is John coming by train﹖

—He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. (NMET20xx)

A. must B. can C. need D. may

mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”;cannot 表示“不可能”;need not 表示“不必要”;may not 表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D。

6) —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ______ I have a look﹖

—Yes, certainly. (北京20xx春)

A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should

分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可,may表示“允许、可以”,语气比较委婉 shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示,如果此空用shall,

则意为“要(我)看一下吗?”,不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。

7) Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening

ceremony﹖ (上海20xx春)

A. can B. should C. may D. must

must be 表示肯定的猜测,只能用于肯定句中,由题意可知本题应选A。

8) —Are you coming to Jeff’s party﹖

—I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead. (NMET20xx)

A. must B. would C. should D. might

由题意和下句中的 “I’m not sure”

可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测,might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断,故

本题选D。又如: I should have been there, but I _____ not find the time. (上海20xx

春) A. would B. could C. might D. should

分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力;C 项只表示语气上的可能性,与题意不

符。故本题选B。

9) Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself.

(NMET’96)

A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may

C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t

mustn’t 表示“不可以;禁止”,分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性,故本题选B。

10) —Will you stay for lunch﹖

—Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET’99)

A. I mustn’t B. I can’t

C. I needn’t D. I won’t

分析题意可知因为“我弟弟要来看我”,所以“不能留下”,因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示“禁止”;C项表示“不必要”;而D项表示“不会”,均不符合题意。故本题选B。又如:

—Could I borrow your dictionary﹖

—Yes, of course you _____.(MET’92)

A. might B. will C. can D. should (C)

11)—When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon.

—They _____ be ready by 1200. (NMET’98)

A. can B. should C. might D. need

该题考查情态动词should的基本含义,分析句意可知本题应选B。又如:

12) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.(NMET’97)

A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to

该题考查了could和be able to的区别,二者都可表示过去时间的能力,但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was / were able to do,故本题选D。

13) —Shall I tell John about it ﹖

—No, you _____. I’ve told him already. (NMET’94)

A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t

情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 “没有必要了”,故本题选A


第二篇:情态动词的基本用法


情态动词

一、情态动词的基本用法

1.can

(1)(表示能力)能……;会……She can drive,but she can’t ride a bicycle.

【注】 could表示“原来具备某种能力,现在没有这种能力了”,但was/were able to则表示过去成功地做成了某事。

I could swim all the way across the lake,but I can’t now.

我原来 能游过这个湖,但现在不能了。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.

大火很快蔓延了整个旅馆,但全体人员都脱离了危险。

(2)(表示可能、许可)能够……;可以……

“Can I use your telephone?”“Yes,of course you can.”

You can’t park your car in this street.

【注】 can可作“有时候会……”解,意思是平时或大部分时间不是这样子,只是偶尔发生的事情。如:Jogging can be harmful to the health.

慢跑有时候会对身体健康有害。

(3)(用于疑问句中,表请求、提议)能不能……;要不要……

Can’t you lend me ten dollars?请你借给我10美元吧?

(4)(用于疑问句中,表惊讶、怀疑等)“(到底)可能有这样的事吗?”

Can it be that it was I,not he,who was mistaken?难道错的会是我,而不是他吗?

(5)构成下列特殊句式:

①can not/can never...too...或cannot...enough

“无论怎么……也不过分;越……越好;非常……”。

One cannot be too careful. 越认真越好。 I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。 ②cannot help doing.../cannot help but do.../cannnot but do...“禁不住;不由得;不得不”。 I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.

When a close friend dies,you cannot but feel sad.

2.may

(1)(表准许、请求)可以……

You may go home now,Susan.苏珊,你现在可以回家了。

May I have a word with you,please?我可以跟你说句话吗?

(2)(表愿望、祝福)但愿;祝……。此时,句子要用倒装语序。

May you succeed!祝你成功!

(3)构成句型:may/might as well do sth. “还是做某事的好;不妨去做某事”

Since we’ve got nothing better to do,we might as well go for a walk.

既然我们没什么更好的事情可做,我们不妨去散散步。

3.must

(1)(表义务、必要性、命令)必须,得,要

“Must I wash the dishes at once?”“No,you needn’t.” “我得立刻洗这些盘子吗?”“不,不必。”

【注】 mustn’t表“禁止、不准”。

You mustn’t play with the knife;you may hurt yourself.你不可玩刀子,你会把自己割伤的。

(2)(表必然性)必定 Everyone must die.每个人都必定会死。

(3)(表固执、不满等)偏偏;硬要;偏要

If you must know,I’m going to help him look for an apartment.

如果你偏要知道,那我告诉你,我要去帮助他找一套公寓。

4.shall

(1)用于疑问句中,与第一、三人称连用,表示征求对方的意见

Shall she go to the concert with us this evening? Shall we go out for a walk?

【注】 may用于征求对方的许可,shall用于征求对方的意见或指示。

May I have a look?我能看一下吗?Shall I have a look?要我看一下吗?

(2)用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等 Don’t worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon.

不要焦急,今天下午你就会得到答复。(允诺)

He shall be sorry one day.I tell you. 我告诉你,他早晚有一天会后悔的。(警告)

(3)(用于法律、规则等条文中)应……,须……,得……

The fine shall be given in cash.罚款应以现金缴纳。

5.should

(1)(表义务、责任)应该

We should attend the meeting.我们应该参加这次会议。

(2)(表预期)应该会,想必会,一定会……吧

The concert should be great fun.音乐会一定会很有意思。

(3)(表惊讶、遗憾)竟然;居然

I’m glad that your story should have won the first prize.我很高兴你的小说居然赢得头奖。

(4)(与疑问词连用,表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等)究竟是;到底

Who should come in but my old friend Betty!

我当是谁进来了呢,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀!

(5)(用于条件状语从句中)一旦;万一

If she should know the truth,she would be greatly depressed.

万一她知道了实情,她将会非常失望。

(6)(用于表示命令、建议、请求的动词后面的that从句中,且should可省略)应该;必须 She demanded that they (should) leave at once. 她要求他们立即离开。

(7)(用于以lest,for fear that,in case引导的状语从句中)以免;唯 恐

She gave me a list just in case I should forget what to buy.

她给了我一张清单,以免我忘记买些什么。

6.would

(1)(表过去的习惯性动作)(从前)常常;经常

We would stay up all night talking about our future.那时候,我们常常彻夜谈论我们的将来。

(2)表示请求或个人的想法、看法,使语气婉转

Would you mind if I opened the window?

我打开窗户你不介意吧?

二、情态动词表推测

情态动词must,can/could,may/might可以用来对事情进行推测。

must表推测时只能用于肯定句,是对现在或过去的事情进行的推测,不能表对将来事情的推测,语气非常肯定,译为“一定……”。

can/could表推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句,也是对现在或过去的事情进行推测,但could偶尔可用于肯定推测。

may/might表推测时一般用于肯定句或否定句,可对现在、过去或将来的事情进行推测, 语气不很肯定,译为“可能……”。

此时,一般有三种结构:“情态动词+be”,"情态动词+ be doing"和“情态动词+have done”分别表示对现在,现在正在和过去的推测。

The light is still on.He must be working in the office now.

灯还亮着,他现在一定还在办公室工作着。

Michael can’t be a policeman,for he’s much too short.麦克不可能是警察,因为他太矮了。He may be in the classroom.I’ll go and make sure.他或许在教室里,我去弄弄清楚。

I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我当时没有听到电话响,我一定是睡着了。 Tom hasn’t come back yet.He may have missed the bus again.

汤姆还没有回来,他可能又没赶上班车。

Jack can’t have arrived yet;otherwise he would have telephoned me.

杰克不可能来到,否则,他会给我来电话的。

【注】 might have done和could have done除了表对过去事情的推测外,还可表示一种责备语气,意为“(过去)本来可以(能够)做某事,但实际上没有做到”,此时不能用may或can。 He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy.

即使再忙,他也可能再多给你一些帮助的。

三、情态动词表责备语气

情态动词should,ought to,could,might,needn't等常用来表示说话人对过去事情的不满或遗憾,带有较强烈的责备语气。

1.should /ought to have done “本应该……”,表示过去应该做而 (实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have done”。

I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I should have written it out for her.

当时我告诉了莎丽如何去那儿,但或许我还是该给她写出来为好。

【注】should have done还可以表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。

It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.

太神奇了,这几年你竟然取得了这么大的成就。

2.could/might have done “本来能够(会)……”,表示过去本来可以(能够)做某事,但实际上没有做到。—I didn’t go to class last night because my car broke down.

—You could have borrowed mine.I wasn’t using it.“我昨晚没去上课,我的车坏了。”

3.needn’t have done“本来不需要……”,表示过去本来没有必要做某事,但事实上却做了。

There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried.当时时间充足,她本没有必要那么匆忙的。

过关落实

1.—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

—It ________ be,but it is now heavily polluted.

A.will B.would C.should D.must

2.—What does the sign over there read?

—“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”

A.will B.may C.shall D.must

3.—She looks very happy.She ________ have passed the exam. —I guess so.It’s not difficult after all. A.should B.could C.must D.might

4.—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.

—You ________ it in the wrong place.

A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put

5.The teacher ________ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him,I suppose. A.should B.can C.would D.must

6.My MP4 player isn’t in my bag.Where ________ I have put it?

A.can B.must C.should D.would

7.—My cat’s really fat.—You ________ have given her so much food.

A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t

8.The biggest problem for most plants,which ________ just get up and run away when threatened,is that animals like to eat them.

A.shan’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t

9.There’s no light on—they ________ be at home.

A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t

10.If it were not for the fact that she ________ sing,I would invite her to the party.

A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not

11.Don’t interrupt me,John.________ you force me to tell you the truth at the moment?

A.Might B.Must C.Should D.Would

12.The public transportation is very convenient in that big city,so there ________ be any difficulty in traveling around.

A.mustn’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t

13.—Has the manager gone on business?

—No.He ________ have but something prevented him at the last minute.

A.could B.may C.can D.mustn’t

14.Our holidays were ruined by the weather;________ have stayed at home!

A.it may be as well B.it was just as well we

C.we might just as well D.we might do as well as we

15.—How exciting! I drove my new car at a speed of 120 km/h on Sunday morning.

—Were you crazy? You ________ yourself!

A.must have killed B.should have killed

C.might have killed D.need have killed

1. C 解析:should译为“应该”,含有批评的语气。

2. C 解析:shall表示按法律,规则等条文规定“必须……”。

3. C解析:must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译为“肯定发生过某事”。

4. D 解析:might have done表示对过去事情的不太肯定的推测,译为“或许发生过某事”。

5. D 解析:must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测。

6. A 解析:在否定和疑问句中只能用can表推测。

7. C 解析:shouldn’t have done表示本不应该做某事但实际上却做了,含有责备的语气。

8. B 解析:根据上下文的意思应用can’t表示能力。

9. A 解析:对现在事实的否定猜测,用can’t。

10. C 解析:此处can’t表示不具有某种能力(不会)。

11. B 解析:Must you...?你一定要/非要……吗?

12. C解析:shouldn’t句中意为“应该不会”。

13. A 解析:句意为“他本来应已出差,但有事情在最后一刻发生阻碍了他”。

14. C解析:might (just) as well意为“只好”。

15. C 解析:考查情态动词。“might have +过去分词”是对过去情况的 可能性推测,此处含有“责备,批评”的意味。此题易误选B。

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should的用法:should用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should后边加not.例如:Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。Shedr…

表推测的情态动词用法小结

表推测的情态动词用法小结英语中有不少情态动词都可以表示推测,其语气有强有弱,表示的可能性有大有小,情态动词表推测时,可能性由弱到强的排列顺序如下:might→may→could→can→should→would…

情态动词can的基本用法

情态动词can的基本用法情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:1.表示能、会,指脑力或体力方面的能力。例如:Icanspea…

情态动词用法总结(60篇)