英语复合句的用法及解题技巧(2)
so＋adj(adv)＋that从句so＋adj＋a(an)＋n＋that从句such＋a(an)＋ adj＋n＋that从句 表示"这样……（一个）……以至于……"。
９．The harder he worked,____he felt. A.happier B.the happier C.the happy D.the happiest 选Ｂ．the＋比较级＋主＋谓，the＋比较级＋主＋谓，意思是"越…… 越……"。
二、定语从句
定语从句是在复合句中使其修饰的某一名词或代词代表一个（些）或一类特 定的人或东西。在做定语从句 的练习时，首先应该找出先行词，然后再确定选择关系代词或关系副词。能够引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有 who,whom,whose,that,which,when,why,where。
２．He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten wiondows,most of____hadn't cleaned for at least a y ear.(MET'90)
A.these B.those C.that D.which
选Ｄ．如果选Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ，整个句子不符合语法要求，因为有一个"逗号"， 不是并列句，因此只能是一 个非限定性定语从句，在非限定性定语从句中关系代词一般用which。
３．His parents wouldn't marry anyone____family was poor.(MET'88)
A.of whom B.whom c.of whose D.whose
选Ｄ．因为whose作family的定语。
４．Finally the thief handed in everything____he had stolen to thepolice.(MET'87)
A.after B.what C.whatever D.that
选Ｄ． ET'89)
A.the thing B.that C.what C.which
选Ｂ．All作先行词，关系代词由that引导。
６．In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French.（８５年 ）
A.where B.who C.in which D.which
选Ｄ．question是先行词，在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。
７．The man____talked to you just now is an engineer.（８０年） A.who B.where C.which D.what
选Ａ．先行词是man。在从句中作主语，所以选who。
８．The word"write"has the same pronunciation____the work"right". （８４年）
A.of B.as C.to D.from
选Ｂ．先行词中含有such,the same时，或先行词被such,the same修饰时，关系代词用as引导。
短文改错技巧、
三、归纳短文改。
eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。
2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。
3) Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of。
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him.
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改
错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…
letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.
2) I like playing the football. 去the
3) He is a honest boy. a改为an
4. 介词：检查介词主要
2) …I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of.
3) Under the help of my father, I … under 改为 with
4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为on
5. 形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误
用也是常考的改错项目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名
2) These are the h
外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题
平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but ,
not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.
由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。
2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，
所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误
包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动
词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。
1) 动词的时态、语态错误
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos动作发生
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he
didn’t listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用
raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。
3) 非谓语动词使用错误
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
在任何情况下keep均和doing连用your country.
to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.
8. 词语固定搭配:
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、
动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3) I thought that was d
spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构
(一) 词法的测试
1. 名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指的
内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.
4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭
配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。
5. 容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的
地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词
是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题
平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的
错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。
8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
(二) 句法的测试：连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。
3定语从句；
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.
them改为 which
4强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who…
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that
5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
(三)语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：
1上下文中的时态是否一致；
2上下文中的代词是否一致；
3上下文中的逻辑是否一致；
4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
四、注意问题：
除了多做改错专项练习外，也要做与短文改错题型相关的其他练习。比如：1.在平时写作过程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的语法错误。2.还可以通过看其他同学的习作，欣赏的同时也可有意识地把该习作进行一下“改错”。3.平时还可以多进行单句改错练习，逐渐体会和把握短文改错这一题型的规律。
（一）改前通读全文, 切忌拿来就改，这一步很关键。这一步的目标是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。记叙文强调时间、地点、人物和事件四要素，在通读全文理解全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好
增加：在此处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出修改的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分。
I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over
in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came∧see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to∧able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try∧guess its meaning if coming across any.
第一节短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在此处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出修改的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
1.动词使用错误2.冠词使用错误 3.名词使用错误 4.介词使用错误 5.形容词‘副词使用错误
6.连词使用错误 7.代词的误用 8.引导词的误用 9.上下文逻辑错误
考点设置:
1.名词
近几年短文改错中涉及名词考点的特点是:
1)题量为每年1题;
2)错误均为本应用复数形式,却用了单数形式
3)所有要求改动的名词前都无数词限定.
2000)She said that she and my schoolmate all……
2001) …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
2002)On the way up I was busy taking picture.
schoolmate-schoolmates; subject-subjects picture-pictures.
3.时态
近几年短文改错中涉及时态的考点有如下特点:
1.)题量为每年1 题;
2)考点局限在两种时态之间,即现在时与过去时混用;
3) 句中没有时间状语可供分析参考.
2000) I remembered her words and calm down.
2001) They did not want me to do any work at family.
2002) The time passes quickly.
calm-calmed did-do passes-passed
4.从句
近几年短文改错所涉及从句的考具有以下特点:
每年必有1-2题;
错误出现在从句的引导词上;
句子较长,一般排列两行以上.
2000) …,but it didn’t matter that I would win or not.
2000)…felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.
2001) What thing are in other homes, I wonder.
2002)It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
that-whether; as-that ;What-How; when
5.习惯用语
这方面的考点有以下特点;
1)题量大,从20##-2002为例,3年共有5题;
2)设疑方式一般为多余一词或少一词;
3)多余的这一词主要是介词,冠词,副词等三类词.
2000)Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in…
2001)…in any other words , I am an only child.
2001)…not seem to get much time to talk about together.
2002)Evening came down,we spent the night…
2002) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
删去a;删去any;删去about;删去down;删去at