高考题中what引导的名词性从句

南京市大厂高级中学  李斌

【摘要】 历年的高考题，每年都有对what的考查。其中考查what引导名词性从句的题目在近几年的高考题中尤为突出。本文从近几年高考题入手，举例分析了what引导名词性从句的用法，以期对广大英语教师和学生有所帮助。

【关键词】高考题 what 名词性从句

历年的高考题，每年都有对what的考查。其中考查what引导名词性从句的题目在近几年的高考题中尤为突出。而what的这一用法也是学生不容易掌握的知识点之一。本文从近几年高考题入手，举例分析了what引导名词性从句的用法，供广大老师和同学们参考。

一、考查what 引导主语从句

what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，其含义如下：

“所……的；什么；怎么”。

例1. ________ she couldn’t understand was _______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2002上海卷)

A. What; why     B. That; what     C. What; because     D. Why; that

分析：正确答案为A。此题第一个空为连接代词引导一个主语从句，第二空为连接副词引导表语从句。根据句子所要表达的意思，只能选A。

例2. It is pretty well understood ________ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.（2003上海卷）

A. that           B. when          C. what           D. how

分析：正确答案为C。此题为what引导的主语从句，it作形式主语。句意：现已相当清楚是什么在控制着二氧化碳出入大气的流动。

例3. After YangLiwei succeeded in circling the earth, ________ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.（2004上海卷）

A. where         B. what          C. that           D. how   

分析：正确答案为B。考查what引导的主语从句，what 在从句中担当do的宾语。

二、考查what引导宾语从句

what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，其含义如下：

“所……的；什么；……的样子；面貌；……的地方”。

1、动词后面的宾语从句

例4. A computer can only do _______ you have instructed it to do. (NMET2001)

A. how          B. after          C. what          D. when

分析：正确答案为C。按照上下文，空的位置的词应该能做do的宾语，故选C。

例5. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ________ he had done the day before. (2001上海春招)

A. that          B. how          C. where          D. what

分析：正确答案为D。这是一个宾语从句。宾语从句中he had done后缺少宾语，所以要填what。

例6. ---- I think it’s going to be a big problem.

---- Yes, it could be.

---- I wonder _______ we can do about it. (2002春招卷)

A. if           B. how           C. what           D. that

分析：正确答案为C。空格处缺少宾语从句的引导词，而宾语从句中又缺少do的宾语，故选C。

例7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ________ he wants. (2002上海春招)

A. what          B. which         C. when          D. that

分析：正确答案为A。这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，所以要填写what。Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语意思是“永远给予某人他确定想要的东西。”

例8. People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see ______ he will do.(2003春招)

A. how          B. what           C. when          D. that 

分析：正确答案为B。  宾语从句，what作do的宾语，that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不担当成分。

例9. I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. （2004湖南卷）

A. which        B. why           C. what          D. how

分析：正确答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法，由结构sb.be up to sth.可知，应选what作介词to的宾语。

2、介词后面的宾语从句

例10. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.（2004天津卷）

A. what         B. which          C. that           D. where

分析：正确答案为A。介词in后要用宾语从句。what在宾语从句中作主语，故选A。

例11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______he thought was not enough.（2005山东卷）

A. where        B. how          C. what           D. which  

分析：正确答案为C。本题考查宾语从句，根据语境而知what作he thought后面宾语从句的主语，其它选项不符合题意。

例12. The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.（2005江西卷）

A. in which      B. in what     C. from what        D. from which

分析：正确答案为C。be different from与……不同；这里面what引导宾语从句，充当from的宾语。

三、考查what引导表语从句

what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，其含义如下：

“……的时间；……样子；面貌；状况”

例13. Perseverance is a kind of quality —and that’s _______ it takes to do anything well. (2002上海卷)

A. what           B. that           C. which          D. why    

分析：正确答案为A。这是一个表语从句，what在表语从句中作takes的宾语，构成“It takes sth. to do sth.”的句型。这句话的意思是“坚定不移是一种品质，坚定不移使人们做好任何事情。”

例14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.（2005安徽卷）

A. what; when     B. that; which     C. what; which     D. which; that

分析：正确答案为A。本题考查连词的用法。第一空引导表语从句，what作表语从句中的表语。第二空用when引导定语从句。先行词是20 years ago。

四、考查what引导同位语从句

在从句中作主语，含义是“什么”。

例15. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?（2005辽宁卷）

A. that         B. what         C. as        D. which

分析：正确答案为B。考查同位语从句。what引导的同位语从句跟在idea后面，对idea的内容进行解释说明，此题容易误认为是定语从句而选择A或者D。注意：定语从句是对先行词加以限制和修饰。

    总之，通过以上对高考题中的分类解析我们可以看出，高考试卷中对于what的考查大多集中在what引导名词性从句中的主语从句和宾语从句中，只要我们能分析出what在句中所充当的成分，并注意和其它连词的区别，我们就能够对类似的考题稳操胜券，不会轻易失去宝贵的分数。

参考文献：

1．章振邦 《新编英语语法》，上海译文出版社，1997

2．洪德金 “引导名词性从句用法探究”，《中小学英语教学与研究》2005.2

3．点知教育 《20##年全国各省市高考试卷总汇及详解》，中国致公出版社，2005

第二篇：高考翻译真题名词性从句

高考翻译真题：名词性从句1. 越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware)

2．学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱才是真朋友。（realize）

3.据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城的遗址。(discover)

4.他们应从这件事中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。(burn)

5. 这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。(realize)

6.不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。 （put off）

7. 许多外国游客都想去长城一游，他们知道“不到长城非好汉”。（visit）

8. 我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur）

9. 应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。（apply）

10. 听到20xx年在北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂。(news that)

11. 你该说刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)

12. 我发现很难与那些一贯固执已知的人合作。(…it…)

13. 我希望尽快收到你的照片。(hope)

14. 物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail)

15. 是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。(agree)

16. 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。(believe)

17. 一本书是否畅销取决于诸多因素。(Whether. . . )

18.据报道这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It...)

19.遇到困难的时候,我们需要的不是彼此的埋怨,而是相互帮助。(not...but)

20．导演得知自己的影片获奖，感到无比自豪。（award ）

21. 我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（as…as）

22. 我们对他的不辞而别感到惊讶。（without）

23. 我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）

24. 据说，中国人比西方人更早使用纸币。(It)

1. More and more people are aware that it is important to obey the traffic rules.

2. The students have come to realize that friendship is more important than money and that a friend in need is a friend indeed.

考核点1）come to realize 2）more…than 3）a friend in need is a friend indeed

3.It is said that the site of an ancient city has been discovered at the bottom of the lake.

4. They should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.

5. The accident made us realize that safety can’t be ignored.

6. However late it is, he never puts off what must be done today till tomorrow.

7. Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall. They know that “ He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”

8. It never occurred/ didn’t occur to me that Tom would/ should be elected/ made chairman of the Students’ Union.

9.Students should be encouraged/ We should encourage students to apply what they have learnt in class to practice.

10.People became wild with joy at the news that the 20xx Olympic Games would be held in Beijing.

11.You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.

12.I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.

13.I hope (that) I can/will receive your photo(s) as soon as possible. / I hope to receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.

14. In the physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about.

15.The members of the committee / The committee can not agree on whether to build another bridge over / across the Huangpu River.

16.We believe that peasants'/farmers’ life will be/be getting better and better.

17.Whether a book sells well depends on many/various factors.

18.It is reported that wild plants contain rich Vitamins.

19.In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint to each other but understanding of each other.

20.Learning that he was awarded /won an award for his film ,the director felt very proud of himself/was full of pride .

21.I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs.

22. We were greatly surprised that he had left without saying goodbye.

23.We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it will be made known to the public as soon possible.

24.It is said that Chinese started to use notes/paper money earlier than westerners.