模块四：介词用法总结与练习
介词：英文缩写是prep.是英文preposition的缩写。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之
一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成：（1）用英语（in English）；（2）用小刀（with a knife）；（3）用手工（by hand）；（4）用墨水（in ink）等。所以，千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法，其实介词的用法非常广泛，搭配能力很强，越是常用的介词，其含义越多。
1.表示地点位置的介词
1)at ,in, on, to，for
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。
to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”
2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
4)in front of, in the front of在……前面
in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。
There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)
in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。
There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5）beside，behind
beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面
2.表示时间的介词
1)in , on，at 在……时
in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
2)in, after 在……之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；
“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from, since 自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。since表示"自（某具体时间）以来"，常用作完成时态谓语 的时间状语。
since liberation（1980）自从解放（19xx年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood．
他们从小就是好朋友。 （1）since the war是指"自从战争结束以来"，若指"自从战争开始以来"，须说"since the beginning of the war"。
（2）不要将since与after混淆。 比较：He has worked here since 1965．（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从19xx年以
来，他一直在这儿工作。
He began to work here after 1965．
（指一点时间，强调时间点）从19xx年以后，他开始在这儿工作。 4)after, behind 在……之后 after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置。
时间名词前介词用法口诀
年前周前要用in 具体日子要用on 遇到几号也用on 上午下午得是in 要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚 午夜黄昏用at 黎明用它也不错 at用在时分前 说“差”可要用上to
说"过''要用past
3.表示运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过，穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维 through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。
4.表示“在……之间”的介词：
表示“在……之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词，如in front of ，behind ，on， in， near， under， up between, among
between指在两个人或两个事物之间；
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
5.表示其他意义的介词
1)on ,about 关于
on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；
about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等； 3)except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在内； besides 除……之外，包括在内。
Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去) Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
常见搭配
1．动词+介词，如：
listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about ...
2．形容词+介词，如：be afraid of, be full of, be angry with, be strict with, be busy with, be good at, be good/bad for, be late for, be sorry for, be ready for, be famous for, be polite to,
be far from... be close to
3．名词+介词 / 介词+名词
the key to, the visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, in time at last, at first, for example...
三.巩固练习 选词填空
1. Taiwan is _______ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）
2. Go ________ the bridge ________ the river, you’ll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）
3. I go to school __________7:30 every morning.（in, on, at）
4. He would like to meet her _____8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）
5. The Greens have lived in China _____ three years.（in, for, after） 6. We go to school every day _______ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides） 7. He wrote the letter _________ ink.（by, with ,in）
8. She returned to her country ________five years.（in, after, for） 9. There is a big tree _________ our classroom.（after, behind） 10. I usually go to work _________ bike.（by, on, with）
单项选择
1. There’s something _______ her that I really don’t like. A. with B. for C. to D. about
2. I was angry _______ him for keeping me waiting. A. with B. to C. about D. on
3. _______ going to French evening classes twice a week she does yoga(瑜伽) on Wednesdays
A. Because of B. Except C. Besides D. But for
4. ______cooking, writing and running the farm, she was very busy. A. Among B. Between C. Over D. As 5. _______ one old lady, the bus was empty.
A. Except B. Except for C. But D. Besides
6. They promise that the work would all be finished _______ next week. A. until B. in C. by D. to
7. We didn’t live together. We kept in touch _______ writing often. A. with B. of C. on D. by
8. It was very kind of her. She insisted _______ her car to us. A. to lend B. lending C. on lending D. in lending 9. We’ve talked a lot _______ cars. What about trains? A. of B. withC. about D. in
10. “How long have you been here?” “____ the end of last month.” A. In B. By C. At D. Since
11. The chemistry teacher required the students _______ more
attention _______ the lab clean
A. to pay, to keep B. to paying, to keeping C. to pay, to keeping D. paying, keeping
12. This exam is very important for her. She won’t go home _____the exam. A. until after B. after until C. until D. from
13. This suit fits me well _______ the trousers are too long. A. only B. except for C. except that D. except
14.
After a quick dinner, they set off ______ car and made ______ the
nearest town.
A. by, to B. in, to C. by, for D. in, for
看似相同，但意义有别的词组
英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组，它们从形式上看似乎基本相同，但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视，使用时就很容易望文生义，甚至张冠李戴。为此，把这类词组归纳如下：
(1) at table在进餐at the table在桌子旁（=beside the desk） (2) at desk在读书或做作业at the desk在书桌旁