初中英语介词用法小结
介词主要是用来表示它后面的名词或代词与句中其他某个成分之间的关系。不能独立充当句子成分，必须与后面的宾语构成介词短语后才能做句子成分。
一. 介词（短语）语法功能
1.作状语
介词（短语）在句子作状语修饰动词。表示“时间”，‘‘地点”,‘‘条件”,‘‘方式”或‘‘目的”等。
例如:①She gets up at 6:30 in the morning every day. (表时间)
②There are some books on the desk . (表地点)
③People can’t live without air or water. (表条件)
2.作定语介词短语作定语表示某个关系 ，一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。 例如 The girl in the red skirt is Lucy . (后置定语)
3.作表语
介词短语作表语时，多放在be 动词之后。
例如：① She is in the next room .
② He is from English .
二 . 常用介词的用法
1.表示时间的介词
①in ,on ,at .
in 表示世纪，年，周，季节，在上午∕下午∕晚上∕白天等 。
例如：in the morning in May in 2012 in his forties in an hour
on 表示确定的时间， 某日，某日的上午，下午，晚上，星期几，或一般节日等。
例如：on Sunday on a rainy evening on May 4 on the night of May 4 on Teachers’
Day on Children’s Day
at 用于表示时间“点” .夜里.中午及某些词组中
例如 .at 4 o’clock at noon at that time at the end of at the age of ②by ,until∕till
表示期限时通常用介词by ,until ∕till
by表示“不迟于” ，“在 ……之前”
例如：They had seen four English films by the end of last night.
Until ∕till到……为止
在肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词。
例如： I waited for my mum until she came home .
在否定句中，not … until译成“直到……才”谓语动词用非延续性动词 。
例如：I didn’t go to bed until my mum came home.
③in ,for ,during ,through
1)in 表示“在。。。。。。时间内”“在。。。。。时间后”
例如 :Do you work in the day time or at night ?
I hear he’ll be back in a week.
2)for 后接一段时间，可与多种时态连用，如与现在完成时连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
例如：She has worked there for 8 years.
3)during表示“在。。。。。。期间”，强调“自始自终”.
例如：
4)through =from beginning to end “自始自终”“从头到尾 ”
例如：Dr. Bethune went on working through the night .
注：对“in+时间段”提问用 how soon
对“for+ 时间段”提问用 how long
On the+身体硬部位
in the +身体软部位
④表示时间的起点用since 或from
例如：Tom has worked in the factory since three years ago.
From now on ,I will learn English in the morning.
⑤in 和after
1)in “在。。。。。。以后”从现在算起，后接时间段，常用于将来时。
例如：We’ll be back in a week .
He’ll arrive at Shanghai2)after “在。。。。。。以后”，从过去算起，
后接时间段，常用于过去时。
例如：They got there after 8 hours.
后接时间点，常用于将来时。
例如：The plane is leaving after nine.
2.表示地点.位置的介词
①in on to at
in 在某一范围之内。
例如：Shanghai lies in the east of China.
on 表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤。
例如：Hefei lies on the south of Huainan.
to表示两个个体间有一段距离或隔海相望。
例如：Japan is to the east of China .
At表示在街道或城镇。
例如： He lives at 158 Jianguo Street.
②in at
in后跟较大地方
例如：He lived in China three years ago.
at 后接较小地方
例如：We waited at the gate of the school.
③above over on
Above表示位置高于某物不接触，在其上方任意一点，但不是正上方。其反义词是below例如：The moon is now above the trees in the east .
Over 指正上方,垂直方向。其反义词是under
例如：There is a bridge over the river.
On 在。。。。。。上面，相互接触。
例如：There is a pen on the desk .
特殊用法：on在树上<本身具有> There are some apples on the tree.
in在树上< 外来物> There are some birds in the tree.
3表示方向的介词：by with in
by后跟动名词或抽象化的可数名词（其前不用冠词）意为“用??手段或方法” 例如: He goes to school by bus every day . The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.
with 表示用工具， 借助于某一具体的手段，工具，材料或人体器官。
例如：People here build houses with stones. With the help of my teacher ,I did well in my English .
We see with our eyes.
in 用材料.语言.声音等媒介，以??方式. What is this in English ? She said in a loud voice. He wrote the words in red ink.
4.比较but,except,besides
but表示“除。。。。。。外”常与否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do时，but 后
接动词原形。
例如：Nobody knew it but me.除了我以外，没人知道此事。
Last night I did nothing but repair my desk.
except除。。。以外（不包括在内）
例如：All the students went to the park except me.
注意：在否定句中 ，except 没有排除性。
例如：She knows nothing except English.
Nobody came to see me except Tom.
besides 除。。。外（包括在内）
例如：Lily went to the park besides you.
5.of sb 与for sb的区别
①It is +adj.+of sb .+to do sth
adj.为clever ,kind ,nice 等词。
②.It is +adj. +for sb .+to do sth
adj.为easy ,necessary ,important等词
判断方法： sb +be +adj.
of，不成立则用for。
of)
for) 如成立则用 例如：It is very kind of you to help me . →You are kind to help me .(成立用 It’s important for us to learn English well. →We are important to learn English well.(不成立，用
6.to 的两种用法的区别
① to+v.(不定式)
例如：to do sth
② to+v-ing(介词)
例如：look fordward to doing sth
get /be used to doing sth
pay attention to doing sth
make a contribution to doing sth
prefer doing sth to doing sth
7.时间状语前不用介词的情况。
当morning等词前有this ,that ,next ,last 等词修饰时，介词须省去。 下列介词须省去：
修饰语 中心词
① this /that morning/week /year/January/spring ② next /last Sunday /week /term/year/spring/May ③ tomorrow/yesterday/last morning/afternoon/evening
④ the day after tomorrow /before yesterday
⑤ after/before/next the week /month
⑥ one morning/evening/night/week/month/Monday morning
第二篇：1初中英语介词的用法
初中英语介词的用法
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介词用法口诀
上午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，
收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。
特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。
since以来during间，since时态多变换。
与之相比beside，除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。
【知识要点】
（一）表示时间的介词
1．at表示时间点，at six o'clock, at noon；on表示特定日子，如on Children's Day；in表示一段时间，in the morning.注：She'll be back in an hour.He came back after a month.
in+一段时间与动词将来时连用，表示过一段时间之后；after+一段时间用于过去时，指一段时间后。
2．During表示期间的某个时期
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It rained several times during the night.
for表示多长时间
It has rained for two hours.
through表示整个期间
It rained all through the night.
3．till, by, before, after表示时间期限或先后
I'll be here till seven.
I'll be home by six.
I'll be here before seven.
4．from, since表示时间起点
They have lived here since 1985.
I haven't seen her from then on.
（二）at, in, on, under, behind, by, near, between可表示场所，into, out of, along. across, through可表示方向，with, in, by, like, from可表示手段、
材料等
She is sitting by the window.
Sam got out of the lift and ran quickly to the man.
We smell with our noses.
（三）介词与动词搭配如：look at, arrive in/at etc.
介词与形容词搭配如：be interested in, be kind to, etc.
介词与名词搭配如：at least, by the way
注意几组介词的区别：on, above, over与below，under, among与between, across与through，about与on
1．on的同义词是above, over, above是指斜上方，over指正上方，其反义词是below, under; below是指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物正下方，其反义词是above；under是指在某物的正下方有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over。
2．among是指三个或三个以上之间，between是指两者之间。
3．across与through都有―穿过‖之意，都可指从一定范围的一边到另一边，across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；through与in有关，表示动作是在某一物体的空间里进行的。
【典型例题解析】
例1 It's cold outside. You'd better your warm clothes.
A. put in B. take off C. put on D. put up
解析 从句意理解，意为穿上暖和的衣服，应选C。
例2 He got many gifts his birthday his friends.
A. on, from B. in, of C. at, to D. from, for
解析 具体某一天用介词on,从朋友处得到礼物用from,故应选A。
例3 The classroom is quite different that one.
A. of B. from C. with D. like
解析 be different from为固定搭配，应选B。
例4 Look, you'll see a bridge the river.
A. on B. above C. over D. in
解析 on表示河面上，above表示河上方，in表示河里，而over表示桥跨两岸，故应选C。
【选讲例题】
例5 –Your coat looks nice, Is It cotton?
-Yes. It‘s Shanghai. (南昌2001)
A. made of, made by B. made of, made in
C. made for, made in D. made from made by
解析 衣服看出原料用be made of,在哪里制造用be made in,故应选B。
例6 Tow may fall the others because he has missed so many lessons.
(福建厦门2001)
A. after B. behind C. later D. out of 解析 意为他可能落后于其他人，落后为fall behind,应选B。
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介词讲解
介词是表示句子结构中词与词或句子成分之间关系的一种虚词。它是各地中考英语常考的一个词类，所以大家一定要掌握好介词的相关知识。现对介词的分类及用法作一简单归纳。
常用介词用法歌诀
in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好为反向。
若表正上用over，under表示正下方。in front of表在前，反义behind在后面。
从里穿过用through，表面通过across。进到里面用into，落到上面用onto。
from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。小小介词用处大，反复实践掌握它。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
in表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点。
二、表示方位的介词
on意为―在……的上面‖；over意为―在……（垂直）的正上方‖；above意为―在……（不一定垂直）的上方‖；under意为―在……（垂直的）正下方‖；below意为―在……（不一定垂直）的下方‖；near意为―在……附近‖；next to意为―紧挨着……‖；round / around意为―在……周围‖；by意为―在……旁边‖；表示两者的位置关系时in表示―在同一区域内或同一范围内‖；on表示―接壤；相邻‖；to表示―相离；相隔‖，两者不属同一范围，也不接壤。
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三、表示延续时间的介词 by意为―在……之前；不迟于……‖；for意为―历时……之久；持续……‖；in意为―在……以后；在……时间内‖；since意为―自从……以来；自……以后‖；until用于否定句中，意为―直到……才‖，其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词，not…until…用在肯定句中，意为―直到……为止‖，其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。如：
他已经当老师9年了。He has been a teacher __for______ nine years.
我已经在这儿住了10年了。I have lived here ___since_____ ten years ago.
他十分钟之后将会回来。He will be back ___in_____ ten minutes.
知道五月，我们才会看到一些花。We don‘t see any flowers __until______ May.
你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。You must stand here __until______ the sun sets.
我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。I must be at school __by______ eight tomorrow morning.
你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗？Can you finish your work __in_____ five minutes?
四、表示方式的介词
介词用来表交通，常把by, in, on来用；
限定、复数用in / on，by要直通海陆空；
骑马、骑车惯用on，小轿车前in才通。
【注】
1. by + 交通工具，意为―乘坐……‖。如：
海：by ship / boat / sea 陆：by bus / car / train / bike / taxi 空：by air / plane / spaceship
2. on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具，意为―乘坐……‖。如：
He goes to work on the bike / in his car. 他骑自行车 / 开车去上班。
3. on foot为固定短语，意为―步行‖。
五、表示运动方向的介词
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across意为―从……表面穿过‖，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through意为 ―从……内部穿过‖，past和by表示―从旁边经过或路过‖。如：
Please be careful when you go _across_______ the street.
Look! The mosquito is trying to fly __through______ the window.
We often go __by______ a bakery on our way to school.
六、不用介词的情况
today, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语前；含有last, this, that, these, those, next, every, one, some, all等词的时间状语前；here, there, home, back等副词前。
一、介词按其构成可分为：
1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until 等。如：
He's worked there since 1998.
2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of 等。如：
She is out of school. 她毕业了。
3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in 等。如：
I'm from out of town. 我是从城外来的。
4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of 等。如：
I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.
我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。
二、介词的作用：
1. 表示地点：after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under 等。如：
Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。
2. 表示时间：about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。如：
After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。
A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。
The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。
3. 表示动作：at, across, around, on, over, under 等。如：
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。
The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。
4. 表示比较：as, like, above, over, with 等。如：
She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。
Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相比，汉语难得多。
5. 表示原因：about, for, from, with 等。如：
Don't worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。
Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。
He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。
6. 表示条件：to, with, without 等。如：
Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。
7. 表示手段、方式：as, by, in, with 等。如：
He behaved as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。
Learn the new words by heart. 记住这些生词。
We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看。
8. 表示距离、数量：from, in, within 等。如：
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My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。
They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。
9. 表示目的：as, for 等。如：
I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。
It's time for class. 到上课的时间了。
10. 表示让步：for, with 等。如：
For all his effort, he didn't succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力，仍不能成功。 With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，但他并不快乐。 for 还可以引导插入语，例如：
I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议。 介词的用法一览
1. 与形容词搭配的词组有：
be afraid of(怕)
be angry with(生某人的气)
be away from(不在某地)
be different from(与……不同)
be good at(善于)
be good/ bad for (对……有益/有害)
be interested in(对……感兴趣)
be late for(迟到)
be/get ready for(为作好准备)
be sure of (对……有把握)
be worried about(为……感到担忧)
2. 介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词 -ing 形式
1) You must take good care of her.
2) Thank you for teaching us so well.
3. 几组易混淆的介词
A. ―在……之后‖
in + 一段时间(用于一般将来时)
after + 一段时间(用于一般过去时)
after + 一点时间(常用于一般将来时)
如：
The baby stopped crying after half an hour.
The baby will stop crying in half an hour.
They will visit their teacher after Friday.
B. for + 一段时间
since + 过去的一点时间
这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。
C. be made of ―用……制成‖
be made in ―由某地制造‖
be made by somebody ―由某人制成‖
D. in，on，at 表时间
in 表示―在某月(季节、年等)‖
如：in 1996, in January, in summer
固定词组：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end on 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等。 如：on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16
at 用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中。
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固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time。
注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。如：不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow(在明天)
E. except + 宾格/doing something ―除……之外‖(不包括本身)
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换)
= Only Lin Tao isn＇t at school today.
F. ―用‖交通工具 by plane
用语言 in English
通过媒介 on/ over the telephone, on/ over the radio, on TV
用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands
G. between―在……和……(两者)之间‖
between … and …,
between the two …
among 在……之间(三者或三者以上)
英语常用介词的用法
1） at, in ,on, over, under
（a） at 在……
―at +N /（place）‖ 的基本意义在于表达空间或位置的点的概念。
例：There is a ball at the foot of the desk.
（在书桌的桌腿那里有一个球。）
就我们日常生活的活动来看，如下面各短语所指的场所都属于点的概念。
at home 在家
at work 在工作场所，（外出工作）不在家
at the door/ window 在门/窗口
at the office 在办公室
at school 在学校
at（the）university 在大学
at the bus stop 在公共汽车站
at the station 在车站
at the crossroads 在十字路口
at the bridge 在桥头处
at the next corner 在下一个街角
at the baker's 在面包店
at No．36, Park Street 公园街36号
at the party 在宴会中
at a meeting 在会场
at the club 在联谊会
at one's desk 在自己的书桌处
at（[美]the）table 在餐桌处；在吃饭
at the bottom of … 在……的底部
at the foot of … 在……的脚处
at the end of … 在……的末端/尽处
at the center of … 在……的中央
注：请注意下面两句的区别：
I met her in the station.
（我在车站里遇见她。—station 指建筑物）
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I met her at the station.
（我在车站遇见她。—station 指交通线上的点，遇见她的地方有可能在车站里面，也可能在车站外面。） （b） in 在……里面/之中
―in + N /（place）‖的基本意义是表示在面或空间的范围里面。
例：My watch is in the drawer of my desk.
（我的手表在我的书桌抽屉里面。）
可用―in …‖来表达的场所、地点、位置、空间等可以如下：
in + 洲名、国名、地区名、州/省……区域名、城市、乡村名等。
in Asia 在亚洲
in China/ the United States 在中国/美国
in Siberia / the West 在西伯利亚/西部
in California/ Fu Jian 在加州/福建省
in the southern part of Taiwan 在台湾南部
in London/ Beijing 在伦敦/北京
in town/ the country 在镇上/乡下
in + 日常生活场所
in the street 在街道中
in the park 在公园里
in the woods/ trees 在树林里
in the field 在田野里
in the garden 在花园里
in the campus 在校园里
in the library 在图书馆里
in the office 在办公室里
in the gym 在体育馆里
in + 三维空间
in the sky 在天空
in the sun 在太阳光下
in the rain/ snow 在雨/雪中
in the dark 在黑暗中
in the ocean/ sea 在海洋中
in the river/ pool 在河/游泳池里
in the building/ house 在建筑物/屋里
in + 容器
in the / a box / bag 在盒/袋里
in the bottle 在瓶子里
in the drawer 在抽屉里
in the basket 在篮子里
in the pocket 在衣袋里
其他
in his book 在他的书中
in the newspaper 在报上
her poems 在她的诗中
in that story 在那故事中
in your report 在你的报告中
in the middle of 在……的中央；在……当中
in the center of 在……的中央
in the corner of 在……的角落里
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注：in the corner of （内角）
on the corner of （外角）
at the corner of （交叉角）
例：There is a wastebasket in the left back corner of the classroom.
（教室后面的左角处有纸篓。）
例： There is a phone booth on the corner of next block.
（下一个街区的转角处有一电话亭。）
例：Let's meet at the corner of the 32nd Street and Fifth Avenue at 6：00 p.m. O.K.?
（我们就在下午六点，第五大道与第三十二街的交叉角处见面，可以吗？）
（2）请比较下面例句的区别：
例：
Keep quiet in the library.
（图书馆内请保持肃静。——表示图书馆的范围内。）
I was at the library when it rained.
（下雨时我正在图书馆借书/或者资料。——图书馆在本句是日间活动的一个点。）
例：
The visitors were still in the school then.
（当时来访者还在学校。——指场所）
At that time my children were still in school.
（当时我的小孩都还在上学。——指事）
例：
I visited her several times when in Pairs.
（我在巴黎居留期间去看过她几次。——人住在巴黎）
We stayed at Paris for only four days when we went on a tour in Europe last summer.
（上次夏天我们到欧洲观光旅游时在巴黎只停留了四天。——巴黎是观光旅行上的一点） （c） on 在……上面
―on + N/ （place）‖ 的基本意义是表示人、物等在……的表面上面，并指与该表面相接触的意思。 例：
There is a telephone on the desk.
（书桌上有一部电话机。）
―on …‖所表示的表面不一定是平面，也可指立体等。
例：
She doesn't like to hang pictures on the wall.
（她不喜欢墙上挂图画。）
例：
There is fly on the ceiling.
（天花板上有一只苍蝇。）
其他常看到的有：
on the floor 在地板上
on the ground 在地面上
on earth 在地球上
on one's face 在……的脸上
on page 65 在第65页
on a farm 在农场上
―on …‖也可以表示在……线上的旁边。
例：I have rented a house on 21st Street.
（我在第21街租到一栋房子。）
例：It 's a small town on the Mississippi River.
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（那是密西西比河边的一个小镇。）
―on …‖也可表示附着或装置在……的上面的意思。
例：He broke the handle on the door.
（他把门的把手破坏了。）
例：The lens on your camera is broken.
（你的相机上的镜头破了。）
（d）over … 在……的上面/上方
―over + N/ （place）‖ 是表示在……的上方或覆于……的上面的意思，是―under‖的相反词。
例A：There is a light on the desk.
（书桌的上方有一盏灯。）
例B：She put her hands over her face.
（她用两手遮住了她的脸。）
―over‖的本义是―在……平面或物体的上方（例A）‖，所以只要是在一个水平的表面，或有面积的平面上方就可用―over…‖，不必在……的直接上方。
例：We saw our national flag flying over the roof.
（我们看到了国旗在屋顶上飘扬。）
例：The setting sun over the horizon looks very, very beautiful.
（地平线上的夕阳看起来非常美。）
例：The plane flew low over the town.
（那架飞机低空飞过市镇。）
注：―on‖与―over‖的区别
―on‖是表示 support （支撑）的意思，over 则表示 cover（覆盖）的意思。
I put a cup on the desk.
（我把一个杯放在书桌上。——书桌支撑着杯子。）
Then I put my handkerchief over the cup.
（然后我把我的手帕覆在杯子上。——杯子被手帕所覆盖。）
（e） under … 在……的下面/下方
―under …‖ 是表示在……的下面或下方，是 over 的相反词。
例：There is dog under the desk.
（有一只狗在书桌的下面。）
―under‖也是指水平的平面或面积的下方/下面，不一定只指直接的下面或下方。
例：We sailed passing under the bridge.
（我们从桥下航行通过。）
例：A group of children are playing under the big tree.
（有一群小孩正在那棵大树下游戏。）
例：Soon the ship sank under the water.
（很快地那艘船就沉到水底去了。）
（2）above, below, beneath, beside, near, inside, outside, into, out of
（a）above … 在……之上；高于
―above …‖的基本语义是表示位置高于……（higher than …），是 below 的相反词。
例：There is a clock on the wall. It is above the blackboard
（墙上有一个钟。它的位置高于黑板。）
―above‖所指―位置高于……‖，如图所示通常都不在与它相比物体的直接上方，但是也可以笼统地指―在……之上‖，这个时候―above‖可和―over‖通用。
例：Can you see the helicopter above/ over the palace?
（皇宫上空有一架直升机你看到了吗？）─PEU, Michael Swan
―above‖也可用于指河流的上游。
例：There is a dam five miles above the bridge.
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（离桥五英里的上游有水坝。）
（b）below … 在……的下面；低于
―below …‖ 的基本语义是表示位置低于……（lower than …），是 above 的相反词。
例：There is a socket on the wall, too. It is below the clock.
（墙上也有插座，它在钟的下方。）
如图所示―below‖是指位置低于……，通常都指不在和它相比的物体的直接下方，但是有时也可以和―under‖通用只是笼统地指―在……的下面‖。
例：We met at the entrance, below/under the clock.
（我们在入口处的钟下面相遇了。） ─OGEG, John Eastwood
―below‖也可指河流的下游。
例：The water below the bridge runs very deep.
（桥下游处的水流很深。）
（c） beneath … 在……的下面；在……的底下
―beneath …‖本来是指―在……（在底部的面接触的）底下‖，但是在现代英语常与 under/ below 通用。
例：There is a box fixed beneath the chalkrail of the blackboard.
（黑板下方横木条底下设有一个盒子。）
例：From the balloon we could see the town far below/ beneath us.
（从热气球上我们可以看到下方远处的小镇。）
（d） beside … 在……的旁边
例：There is a chair beside the desk.
（在桌旁边有一张椅子。）
―beside …‖ 也常作―并……‖解释。
例：She sat beside Tom.
= She and Tom sat side by side.
（她和汤姆并排坐着。）
（e） near 在……附近/旁边
例：There is a dog near the door.
（靠近门的地方有一只狗。）
注：―near，near to，close [klous] to‖都用于表示―在……的附近‖的意思。
例：I live near /near to/close to the station.
（我住在靠近车站的地方。）
（f） inside … 在……里面/内部（ outside）
例： There is a dog inside the classroom.
（教室里有一只狗。）
―in‖与―inside‖都可用于表示―在……里面/内部‖，但是―inside‖是强调在三维空间内或在密闭的容器里面的意思，有时也用于和其相反词―outside‖作对比。
例：What's there inside that box? It weighs rather heavy.
（盒子里面是什么东西？它相当重。）
例：Smoking is not allowed inside the cars.
（车厢内不准吸烟。）
（g） outside … 在……外面/外部（inside）
例：There is a student outside the classroom.
（教室的外面有一个学生。）
（h） into … 进入……之中；到……里面（out of）
The student is walking into the classroom.
（那个学生正走进教室。）
―into …‖ 的基本语义是表示―进入……‖的动作。
例：Very carefully he put the vase back into the box.
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（他小心地把那花瓶放回那个箱子里。）
（i） out of … 向……外面（ into）
例：The student by the window threw a ball out of the window.
（靠窗的那个学生把一个球投出了窗外。）
注意：―out of the window‖ 说成 ―out the window‖ 是错误的。
（3） among, between, behind, in front of, before, to, by
This is a picture of my family. The woman who looks old is my grandmother. She is sitting among us. My mother is sitting to the left of my grandmother. The little girl sitting to the right of my grandmother is my younger sister. She is sitting between my grandmother and my father. I am standing behind my mother. My elder sister is standing between my elder brother and me. Our dog Rosa is lying on the floor before us. There is a ball in front of Rosa.
解 说
① among：表示位于三个以上的人、物、地之中，含被包围之意。
例：There is a cottage among the trees.
（林中有一间小木屋。）
② between：表示位于两个人、物、地之间的意思。
例：Betty likes to sit between her parents.
（贝蒂喜欢坐在父母之间。）
例：Taichung is a big city between Taipei and Tainan.
（台中是台北与台南之间的一个大城市。）
③ behind：表示位于……的背后的意思。
例：There is a house behind the house.
（屋后有一处花园。）
请比较下面两例句的区别：
例：
Close the door behind you, Tom.
（汤姆，请把你背后的门关起来。）
Close the door after you, Tom.
（汤姆，请你随后关门。）
④ in front of：表示位于……人、物的直接前面。
例：Don't park your car in front of the gate.
（不要把你的车子停大门口。）
⑤ before：表示位于……人、物的前面，也含―in front of …‖的意思。
例：There is a stream running before my house.
（我家门前有一条小河流。）
⑥ to：表示位于……人、物的左边或右边，或东、西、南、北方位。
例：Who is the young lady sitting to the left of your father?
（坐在你父亲左边的那位年轻女士是谁？）
例：The island lies to the north of the Philippines.
（这个岛位于菲律宾群岛的背面。）
请比较下面两例句：
例：Keelung is a sea -port situated in the northern part of Taiwan.
（基隆是位于台湾北部的海港。—―in‖表示在……的范围内）
例：There is a very small island lying to the north of Taiwan.
（台湾北面有一个很小的海岛。—―to‖表示在……范围外）
⑦ by：表示在……人、物的旁边或靠近……的意思。
例：I like to sit by （= next to）the window.
（我喜欢坐在窗边。）
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例：We bought a house by （= near） the lake.
（我们买了一栋建于湖边的房子。）
（4）along, across, beyond, off, through, toward, up, down, from … to …
（a）along … 沿着……
―along …‖是表示沿着细长的线（如道路、河流、海岸）……的意思。
（across）
例：We drove along the highway.
（我们沿着公路行驶。）
（b）across … 横过；在……的对面
―across …‖可表示由一边到对面的横越运动或对面的静止状态。
例：In the picture we can see two people swimming across the river.
（在图中我们可以看到有两个人正在游泳渡河。）
例：There is a farm across the river.
（河的对岸有一处农场。）
（c）beyond … 在……的那一边
―beyond …‖是表示在（中间要越过某一场地或物体）……的那一边的意思。记得有一首歌的歌词是―我的家在山的那一边‖，这就是―beyond‖的意思。
例：There is a village beyond the river.
（在河的那一边有一处小村庄。）
（d）off … 离……；离开……
―off …‖ 表示离开主干线或场所一段距离的意思。
例：There is a farm house off the highway.
（离开公路一段距离处有一间农舍。）
（e）through … 通过……；穿过……
―through …‖ 是表示从一端贯穿到另一端去的意思。
例：The highway goes through a tunnel at （the foot of）the mountain.
（这条公路穿过一条隧道直通到山脚下。）
（f）toward（s）… 向/朝……的方向
―toward（s）…‖表示运动的方向，英式英语以―towards‖ 较普通，美式英语则以―toward‖较普通。
例：There is an airplane flying high in the sky. It is flying toward(s) east.
（有一架飞机正在高空中飞行。它正向东飞去。）
（g） up … 向……高处/上面；向……上游（down）
―up …‖ 表示运动方向往上面、高处或河流的上游。
例：In the picture we see a boat sailing up the river.
（在图中我们看到有一艘小船正向上游航行。）
（h） down … 向……低处/下面；向……下游（up）
―down…‖ 表示运动方向往下面、低处或河流的下游。
例：In the picture we see two boats sailing down the river.
（在图中我们看到有两艘小船向下游航行。）
（i） from … to … 从……到……
―from … to …‖ 表示两地间的距离或两地间的运动；―from …‖是起点，―to …‖是终点。
例：What is the distance from the bridge to the tunnel?
（桥到隧道之间的距离是多少？）
―from …‖ 也常单独用，指出发点或根源，―to‖则指目的地。
例：I came from New York yesterday.
（我昨天从纽约来的。——出发点）
例：I come/am from New York.
（我是纽约人。——根源）
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例：A ticket to New York, please.
（[买车票] 到纽约的车票一张。——目的地）
（5）表示场所或位置的其他介词
about, around/ round, against, opposite, past, onto, on top of
（a） about … 在……附近或周围；向各处
例：The thief must have hidden himself somewhere about here.
（那个贼一定藏身在这附近。）
例：That afternoon we took a walk about the town.
（那天下午我们就在镇上各处走了走。）
例示的―about …‖ 是英式英语的用法，美式英语则常用―around …‖。
（b） around/ round … 在……四周；环绕……
―around‖和―round‖ 作介词用时可通用，但是美式英语似乎用―around‖较普通。
例：Mr. Chen has travelled around the world.
（陈先生曾到世界各地旅行过。）
例：There is a Chinese restaurant round the corner of the next block.
（下一个街区的转角处有一家中式餐厅。）
例：She was wearing a scarf round her neck.
（她围了一条围巾在脖子上。）
（c）against … 倚……；靠……
He stood against the door.
（他倚门站着。）
（d）opposite … 在……的对面
Mary lives in the house opposite ours.
（玛丽就住我们家对面的那栋房子。）
（e）past … 经过……
―past …‖表示行进运动经过……场所或建筑物。
I jog past her house every morning.
（每天早上我都会慢跑经过她的家门口。）
（f）onto … 到……之上
―onto …‖ 是表示物体或人落在……之上或把物体放置……之上的意思。英式英语也常用―onto‖，在一般的表达上也常可和―on‖通用。 I jumped down onto the platform.
（我跃下落在讲台上。）
She stood up, put her book onto/ on the bench, and shook hands with me.
（她站了起来，把她的书放在长椅上，和我握了手。）
（g）on top of … 在……的上面
―on top of …‖ 表示相叠在……的上面的意思。
Don't put the vase on top of the TV set, please.
（请不要把花瓶放在电视机上面。）
请比较：
Put the vase on the table.
（请把花瓶放在桌子上。——不含相叠之意)
初中英语易混介词的用法辨析
时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析
介词in用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morning
介词on用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间。如：on a rainy day
介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：at noon
介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面。如：by 2 o?clock
时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
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介词in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We‘ll go to school in two weeks. 介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如：My mother came home after half an hour. 介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如：We‘ll go out for a walk after supper. 时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如：I have been living here for 10 years. 介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如：I have been living here since 2000. 时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：He swims every day during the summer. 如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：I haven‘t seen her for years.
时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示―在…之前‖如：He won‘t come back before five . 介词by表示―到…时为止，不迟于…‖如：The work must be finished by Friday.
时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示―直到…为止‖，如：I will wait till（until）seven o'clock． till和until用在否定句中，均可表示―在…以前‖或―直到…才‖。 till多用于普通文体，而 until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till。如：Until he comes back，nothing can be 如：Tom didn't come back till（until）midnight． done．
不用介词表达时间的几种情况
当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning 当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如：next Sunday 当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday 当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day.
二．方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析
方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table. 介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即―在…上方‖，如：Is there any bridge over the river? 介词above表示一般的―高于…‖，―在…之上‖，如：There was an electric clock above his bed. 方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即―在…下方‖，如：They were seen under the tree. 介词below是above的反义词即―低于…‖，―在…之下‖，如：They live below us.
方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于―从一头或一边到另一头或另一边‖，强调从表面穿过。 介词through着重于―穿越‖，强调从一定的空间内穿过。 介词over多表示从―上方越过‖，如：He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it. 介词past表示从―面前经过‖，如：Someone has just gone past the window. 16 如：She went across the street to make some purchases. 如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.
方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析 介词in表示―排、行、组‖，如：We are in Team One. 介词on表示―左、右‖，如：Li Ping is on my left.
介词at表示―前、后‖，如：I sit at the front of the classroom. 方位介词to、for的用法辨析
介词to表示目的地或去的目的，如：Wil you take a train to Tianjian. 介词for表示动身去某地，如：He got on a train for Shanghai. 地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village. 介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing. 地点介词at与on的用法辨析
介词at用于门牌号，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.
介词on用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road.
地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析 介词in表示―包含‖如：Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示―紧邻‖如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介词to表示―没接触‖如：France lies to the south of England.
三．其他易混介词的用法辨析 动作介词to与toward的用法辨析
介词to表示向某处移动，如：They were driving to work together.
介词toward 表示移向某处，如：We're moving toward the light.
原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析 介词because表示―因为；由于‖指直接的、明确的原因，用来回答why的问句，语气最强。如：The boy was absent because he was ill.
介词as表示―由于；鉴于‖指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。
如：She stayed at home as she had no car.
介词for表示 ―因为；由于‖指一种间接原因，甚至只是一种附带的说明。
如：It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.
材料介词of和from的用法
介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时，如：The desk is made of wood.
介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时，如：Wine is made from grapes.
表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析
介词in表示―用材料、语言‖如：Can you say it in English?
介词with表示―用工具、某物‖如：with a pen
介词by表示―用、以、靠、通过…方法‖如：He prefers traveling by car.
介词between与among的用法辨析
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介词between 表示―在两者之间‖如：Don‘t sit between the two girls. 介词among表示―在…当中（三者或以上）‖如：They lived among the mountains in the past. 介词besides与except的用法辨析
18 介词besides表示―除…之外（全部计算在内）‖如：We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang. 介词except表示―除…之外（不计算在内）‖如：We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.
介 词
(一) 正误辨析
1、［误］ We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.
［正］ We got to the top of the mountain at day break.
［析］ at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。
2、［误］ Don't sleep at daytime
［正］ Don't sleep in daytime.
［析］ in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。
3、［误］ We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.
［正］ We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.
［析］ in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th
4、［误］ He became a writter at his twenties
［正］ He became a writter in his twenties
［析］ 这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。
5、［误］ He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.
［正］ He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.
［析］ 在具体年岁前用at, 如：at the age of 12， at your age， 等等。
6、［误］ We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.
［正］ We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.
［析］ 具体某一天要用介词on, 又如：on New Year's Day
7、［误］ I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.
［正］ I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.
［析］ 在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。
8、［误］ I haven't see you during the summer holidays.
［正］ I haven't seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.
［析］ during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I haven't see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为"整整，全部的时间"。如：It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。
9、［误］ At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
［正］ On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
［析］ On 加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：on hearing… 一听见， on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)
10、［误］ In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
［正］ At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
［析］ at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end＝at last是指"最终，终于"之意。
11、［误］ Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
［正］ By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
［析］ by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完"，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I'll be there by five o'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：I won't finish this work till(until) next weekend.
12、［误］ He came to London before last weekend.
［正］ He had come to London before last weekend.
［正］ He came to London two weeks ago.
［析］ before 一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。
13、［误］ I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.
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［正］ I have studied English for three years since I came here.
［析］ since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态
14、［误］ I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.
［正］ I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.
［析］ 中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，①after 多用于过去时，如：I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. ② after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。
15、［误］ Three days after he died.
［正］ After three days he died.
［正］ Three days later he died.
［析］ after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间词后。
16、［误］ She hid herself after the tree.
［正］ She hid herself behind the tree.
［析］ after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。
17、［误］ There is a beautiful bird on the tree.
［正］ There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
［析］ 树上长出的果实，树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
18、［误］ Shanghai is on the east of China.
［正］ Shanghai is in the east of China.
［析］ 在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in, on, to。 in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.
19、［误］ I arrived at New York on July 2nd.
［正］ I arrived in New York on July 2nd.
［析］ at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
20、［误］ He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.
［正］ He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.
［析］ 在门牌号码前要用at, 并要注意它的惯用法：at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。
21、［误］ There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.
［正］ There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.
［析］ 在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.
22、［误］ This weekend I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.
［正］ This weekend I'll stay at Uncle Wang's.
［析］ 要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：at a tailor's shop (裁缝店)＝at a tailor's, at the doctor's (去看病) at the bookseller's (在书店) at uncle Wang's (在王叔叔家)
23、［误］ Do you know there is some good news on today's newspaper?
［正］ Do you know there is some good news in today's newspaper?
［析］ 在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。
24、［误］ The school will begin on September 1st.
［正］ School will begin on September 1st.
［析］ 这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table (吃饭)， When I came to Tom's home, they were at table. 还有： at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at school (上学)， in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。
25、［误］ In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
［正］ On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
［析］ 译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光"在……的路上"应用on one's way…。而 in the way 有挡道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way。
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26、［误］ Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.
［正］ Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.
［正］ Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.
［析］ in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。
27、［误］ I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.
［正］ I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
［正］ I'll leave for Shanghai.
［析］ leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for， sail for。
28、［误］ I'm sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.
［正］ I'm sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.
［析］ get in, 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We'd better get in. 或We'd better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车：get on／off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into／out of (a car, taxi…)
29、［误］ Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.
［正］ Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.
［析］ over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.
30、［误］ There is an old stone bridge above the river.
［正］ There is an old stone bridge over the river.
［析］ over还有一意为"跨越，横跨"。
31、［误］ The Dead Sea is under the sea level.
［正］ The Dead Sea is below the sea level.
［析］ 在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。
32、［误］ There is a big tree in the front of the house.
［正］ There is a big tree in front of the house.
［析］ in front of 是在物体外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.
33、［误］ It took them two days to walk across the forest.
［正］ It took them two days to walk through the forest.
［析］ across 作为介词有两个主要意思：① 横过，如：I want to walk across the street.② 对面，如：There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.
34、［误］ The sun sets toward the west.
［正］ The sun sets in the west.
［析］ towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 时，其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：I went south. 也可用作名词，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容词，如：I went to the south part of China.
35、［误］ Do you have no other clothes except those?
［正］ Do you have no other clothes besides those?
［析］ beside 是"在……旁边"，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是"除……之外，不仅……而且……，除了……以外还有……"， 如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that则要加从句。
36、［误］ Can I write the exam paper with ink?
［正］ Can I write the exam paper with a pen?
［正］ Can I write the exam paper in ink?
［析］ with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。
37、［误］ I'm earlier today. I came here by his car.
［正］ I'm earlier today. I came here in his car.
［析］ 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。by taxi=in a taxi
by train=in a train
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by bicycle=on a bicycle
by ship=on a ship
by boat=in a boat
by bus=on a bus
by plane=on a plane
by air 空运
by land 陆运
by sea 海运
on foot on horseback
by phone by letter by radio
by air mail by hand
38、［误］ A lot of French wines are made of grape.
［正］ A lot of French wines are made from grape.
［析］ made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.
39、［误］ This is a good dictionary in English grammar.
［正］ This is a good dictionary on English grammar.
［析］ 关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知识。
40、［误］ Do you have the key of the door.
［正］ Do you have the key to the door.
［析］ key to the door门的钥匙。相同用法还有answer to the question, entrance to the highway, danger to health.千万不要用of。
41、［误］ Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.
［正］ Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.
［析］ have interest in是在某方面有兴趣。
42、［误］ I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.
［正］ I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.
［析］ be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.
43、［误］ He was good for skating.
［正］ He was good at skating.
［析］ be good at 为"擅长某事"，而be good for somebody为对某人很好。
44、［误］ It was good to you to help my little boy.
［正］ It was good of you to help my little boy.
［析］ 这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是对某人态度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.
45、［误］ My parents were very pleased at me.
［正］ My parents were very pleased with me.
［正］ My parents were very pleased at my studying.
［析］ be pleased with后加somebody, 而be pleased at后加something。
46、［误］ He is agree with me.
［正］ He agrees with me.
47、［误］ He againsts me.
［正］ He is against me.
［析］ 同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。
48、［误］ I haven't heard letters from him.
［正］ I haven't heard from him.
［析］ hear from 即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。
49、［误］ Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?
［正］ Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?
［析］ 作为"拜访"讲call at其后接地点，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。
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50、［误］ Do you know the girl on white?
［正］ Do you know the girl in white?
［析］ in white为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：in bed(睡觉)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆忙忙)，in danger(危险中),in joy (高兴)，in good health(身体好)，in love(恋爱)，in trouble(困境)，与之相反的是out of ,如：out of trouble (摆脱困境)，out of date(过时了)， out of order(出故障)
51、［误］ He looked at me at surprise.
［正］ He looked at me in surprise.
［析］ surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首，To one's surprise, 如：To my surprise he succeeded. ② be surprised at, 如：I was surprised at the news. ③用于句尾in surprise.
52、［误］ She didn't come to school because of she was ill.
［正］ She didn't come to school because she was ill.
［析］ because of 后接名词，如：The game was put off because of the rain.
(三) 例题解析
1 - Thank you ＿＿＿ the beautiful flowers!
- Not at all.
A in B on C at D for
［答案］ D.
［析］ 由于某事向某人道谢应用for。
2 Can you answer this question ＿＿＿ English?
A by B in C with D from
［答案］ B.
［析］ in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.
3 Look ＿＿＿ the map ＿＿＿ China ＿＿＿ the wall, please.
A after, of, in B at, of, in
C after, in, on D at, of, on
［答案］ D.
［析］ look at 为"看"，而on the wall为"在墙表面挂着"，而in the wall 则是"在墙内"，如：There is hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。 4 - When did Mr Green arrive in London?
- He arrived there ＿＿＿ the evening of December 6th.
A at B in C on D to
［答案］ C.
［析］ in the evening / afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。
5 We won the relay race. And there was a big smile ＿＿＿ our teacher's face.
A off B near C on D between
［答案］ C.
6 The twins got on well ＿＿＿ their classmates.
A to B in C with D about
［答案］ C.
［析］ get on well with与人相处很好。
7 - Please remember to come to my birthday party.
- I see. I'll come ＿＿＿ Saturday evening.
A in B at C on D for
［答案］ C.
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8 Let's hurry， or we'll be late ＿＿＿ school
A to B at C with D for
［答案］ D.
［析］ be late for， 而 come late to， 如： Don't come late to school
9 They will have a maths test ＿＿＿ two days
A for B at C in D after
［答案］ C.
［析］ 三天之内应用in，而不要受中文影响用after， after three days 是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。
10 My brother joined the army ＿＿＿
A 1989， March B in March， 1989
C March， 1989 D 1989， in March
［答案］ B.
［析］ 在月份、年、前用介词in，而日子前用on。
11 He couldn't work out the maths problem ＿＿＿ your help
A without B under C for D with
［答案］ A.
［析］ 在某人帮助下应用with， 如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily 而要是没有你的帮助则用 without your help 12 Granny took one look at us ＿＿＿ her glasses
A by B through C on D in
［答案］ B.
［析］ through 为穿过……。
13 We had our breakfast ＿＿＿ a quarter ＿＿＿ seven
A /， to B in， to C at， to D on， to
［答案］ C.
［析］ 具体时间点前用at，而差几分几点用to，这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14 I learn French ＿＿＿ the radio every day
A on B in C from D at
［答案］ A.
［析］ 从收音机中听到某事应用词组 on the radio。
15 It's good manners to wait ＿＿＿ line
A in B on C at D with
［答案］ A.
［析］ in line 为排队。
16 How many English words had you learnt ＿＿＿ last term?
A by the end of B at the end of
C to the end of D till the end of
［答案］ A.
［析］ by the end of 为动作的截止时间，与完成时态相配合
17 The manager was very satisfied ＿＿＿ his work
A in B on C about D with
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［答案］ D.
［析］ be satisfied with 为固定搭配。
18 John hit Jack ＿＿＿ face
A on the B in the C on his D in his
［答案］ B.
［析］ 英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词＋the＋身体部位，如：He caught the boy by the arm。 19 I was born ＿＿＿ the night ＿＿＿ September 15， 1978
A in， on B at， on C at， in D on， of
［答案］ D.
［析］ 在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。
20 It's a bad manner to laugh ＿＿＿ people when they are ＿＿＿ trouble
A over， in B at， in C in， at D at， for
［答案］ B.
［析］ laugh at 嘲笑某人， laugh over 笑着谈论某人或某事， in trouble 陷入困境。
21 I can't do this work well ＿＿＿ Tom's help
A under B for C without D from
［答案］ C.
22 Don't shout ＿＿＿ the old woman。 You should be more polite ＿＿＿ her
A to， at B at， to C in， for D from， for
［答案］ B.
［析］ shout at 为"冲某人喊叫"，而 be polite to somebody 为"对某人和气。"
23 We must be strict ＿＿＿ our selves ＿＿＿ everything
A with， in B in， with C with， to D to， of
［答案］ A.
［析］ be strict with 对某人严格要求。
24 He went to the football match ＿＿＿ lunch last Sunday
A to B without C behind D between
［答案］ B.
［析］ without lunch 未吃午饭。
25 The people's Republic of China was founded ＿＿＿ 1949
A with B on C since D in
［答案］ D.
［析］ 在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时，所以不能用since。
26 Mr Black got to Hangzhou ＿＿＿ a few days
A in B after C on D at
［答案］ B.
［析］ 这句话应译为：几天之后 Mr Black 到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事，所以选B。27 - Has the teacher given you any advice ＿＿＿ your English study?
- Yes， he has
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A from B with C on D in
［答案］ C.
［析］ 给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。
28 You may depend ＿＿＿ him He is ＿＿＿ honest man
A on， a B in， an C on， an D at， the
［答案］ C.
［析］ depend on 为"依靠某人或某事"，而 honest 的首字母 h 不发音。
29 ＿＿＿ my joy， I can answer this question
A With B To C By D For
［答案］ B.
［析］ To one's joy 意为"使我高兴的是。"
30 The teacher asked the students to look ＿＿＿ the word in the dictionary
A for B at C up D after
［答案］ C.
［析］ look for 寻找， look at 看， look after 照顾， look up 查字典。
31 A little monkey is playing ＿＿＿ a tree and there are a lot of bananas ＿＿＿ it A on， on B in， on C on， in D in， in
［答案］ B.
［析］ 树上长出的果实为 on the tree 而其他外来之物要用 in the tree， 表达在树上。32 I go to school ＿＿＿ bus every morning.
A. in B. by C. on D. at
［答案］ B.
［析］ by后直接加交通工具，表示乘某种交通工具去某地。
33 No one likes a person ＿＿＿ bad manners.
A. without B. on C. out of D. with
［答案］ D.
［析］ with bad manners 有不良习惯的人。
34 The policeman was surprised ＿＿＿ the news.
A. into B. for C. at D. out of
［答案］ C.
［析］ be surprised at 对某事吃惊。
35 He had to sell newspapers ＿＿＿ seven.
A. at an age of B. at the ages of C. at the age of D. at age of
［答案］ C.
［析］ at the age of 在几岁时。
36 The little girl couldn't help ＿＿＿ when she saw a large dog.
A. cried B. to cry C. crying D. cries
［答案］ C.
［析］ couldn't help＋动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，或禁不住做某事。
37 Jack was born ＿＿＿ March 1st, 1978.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
［答案］ A.
［析］ 日期，时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。
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38 Edison was very interested ＿＿＿ science when he was a boy.
A. to B. on C. in D. about
［答案］ C.
［析］ be interested in something 对某事感兴趣。
39 The teacher was very satisfied ＿＿＿ her answer.
A. in B. on C. for D. with
［答案］ D.
40 The story happened ＿＿＿ Beijing.
A. in B. with C. for D. on
［答案］ A.
单项选择
(C)1．The Greens have lived in China more than 3 years.
A. in B. to C. for D. with
(C)2．Which is the way the People's Hospital.
A. on B. at C. to D. in
(B)3．The twins lived there the years 1998～2000.
A. between B. during C. in D. at
(A)4．I heard he had already left Tianjin.
A. for B. from C. to D. in
(D)5．What was Jim looking when the teacher came
A. down, to B. at, on C. after, at D. for, in
(C)6．Look! They are walking the rain.
A. by B. on C. in D. across
(D)7．-Are you going shopping bus?
-No, we are going Tom's car.
A. by, by B. on, in C. in, on D. by, in
(A)8．My friends call me Tom short.
A. for B. by C. with D. in
(D)9． Miss Gao's help, all of them study English well.
A. Under B. In C. Below D. With
【课外巩固练习】
一、选择填空
(B)10．Taiwan is the southeast of China.
A. on B. in C. to D. of
(D)11．Go the bridge and you'll find it.
A. cross B. crossing C. crossed D. across
(B)12．The Great Wall is known the people all over the world.
A. by B. to C. in D. at
(A)13．I go to school 7∶30 every morning.
A. at,× B. in, on C. at, in D. at, on
(C)14．We'll finish the book the end of the month.
A. till B. until C. by D. for
(B)15．The workers all wear their hats their head and glasses their eyes.
A. in, over B. on, over C. over, over D. to, on
(A)16．Every evening, I learn English .
A. on the radio B. from the radio
C. by the radio D. in the radio
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(B)17．Nobody can stop him jumping into the lake.
A. of B. from C. for D. to
(D)18．Best wishes you New Year's Day.
A. for, for B. to, to C. with, for D. to, for
(B)19．My sister put on her best clothes and left the party.
A. to B. for C. of D. on
二、选用适当介词填空
20．This meeting began a song.
21．The machine cut the big piece of metal into small pieces.
22．Xiao Ming does very well maths.
23．The Greens will go to England a holiday.
24．He would like to meet her between 8∶00 and 9∶00 tomorrow morning.
25． a windy night, a man knocked at his door.
26．What do you talk about and what do you want a knife for ?
27．We fight who plays it first.
三、选用框内介词填空
across, in, by, on, till, for, over, with, under, into, to, at, of
28．The boat is passing the bridge.
29．They worked from morning till night.
30．There is a bridge the river.
31．The girls were swimming the river at that time.
32．The boys jumped into the lake.
33．Will you please help me my English?
34．The children often play in/on the playground.
35．The girl is good the computer.
36．You'd better make the best use of your time.
37．I met my headmaster on my way to school.
38．I often go to school bike.
39．We have studied English for several years.
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