The life and works of Jack London

Jack London, formerly known as John ? Griffith ? London, was born in San Francisco, well-known American realist writer. ? American Biographical novelist Irwin Stone in his "sailor on horseback," Lane said he was the father of the United States of proletarian literature. His works are widely circulated not only in the United States, but also by the peoples of the world welcome. He in modern American literature and world literature, enjoyed high status.

24-year-old Jack London, the writing, died at the age of 40 years. In 1900, he published the first collection of short stories, "wolf child" immediately famed nationwide. To 1916, has published 51 books, is a very productive writer.

His most famous novel, Polar has three short stories: "wolf child" "love life" "loss of face"; novel "burning daylight" and "lame ? Bei Road"; also has his sea novels include the collection of short stories, "the South China Sea Story "and the novel" Sea Wolf ", there is a dog story," Islands hound Jerry. "

In his short story "Love of Life", the protagonist is a cold and hunger of the gold rush, he in the wilderness experience with a sick wolf, gold-diggers will end with a powerful win in this battle of life, emit light of life . ? Jack London, who does not give the gold to a specific name, "he" is a fragile but resilient protesters. ? Jack London's description of this miracle of life, the intention is not to create a "strong man", but rather focus on the performance of the outbreak in a desperate situation out of life energy. In the novel begins with Jack ? London wrote a poem: "This is the only wealth is life \ survive and going through a painful \ can do this also true \ even lost the last bet."

"Call of the Wild" and "white fangs," says the story of all animals, the former is the return of wild, which is wild to tame. From the pet dog to the wolf, from the wolf to the pet dog, the determinants of all these changes is the ---- people.

Buck from a pleasure to meet the dog of the human trafficked into the Arctic cold, wild and become a work of pulling sled dogs. In addit

ion to hard work every day, but also facing food shortages, bullying peers, relying on instinct Barker ordeal adapted to the new environment, new life, and constantly adjust itself, eventually become a strength of character, strong physique leader. In the process, the body sting volts Buck Wild constantly being awakened, finally issued a wolf howl in general and ultimately choose to leave the human survival and return of nature.

The white fangs on the contrary, he is a living from the wild environment of a coyote, at an early age when his mother brought the Indians to camp, and since then the lack of freedom, without the mother's care, instead of hostility of other dogs, no warmth of human indifference. Lost love white fangs, to grow in harsh environments as a cunning, battle-hardened, the dog was withdrawn, a meeting of the injury, continue to distort the white fangs of the mind, to make it to the brink of collapse.

When faced with a hopeless situation in white fangs, a kind-hearted person finally appeared, it is moving, the author vividly demonstrated its delicate in the face of the new owner from full guard to accept the owner's love of the process, eventually become the master side of the most a loyal guard, best friend, at the main people their lives. 2 dogs to write a novel, the civilized world, the dog returned to wilderness, a write through the brutal training, the dog returned to civilization, and are starting from a dog's nature, reflecting the impact of human feeling on the dog's; written although the dog it reflects not only the dog, but includes the people around ideas, feelings and personality.

Jack London's creative vigor of bold, simple language, rich in dramatic circumstances. He often depicted characters placed in extreme and harsh, life and death circumstances, as showing off the most profound of human nature, the most real character. ? Jack London's praise courage, determination and love of these noble human quality, he described it, "the harsh reality" so that readers are often shocked by the strong hearts. This is his polar sea fiction novels and has been most evident.

第二篇：杰克伦敦之死

杰克?伦敦之死

丁国强

19xx年11月22日，杰克·伦敦在他的豪华牧场里服用过量吗啡自杀。他的死，为作家自杀现象提供了一个重要实例。我们可以列出一长串自杀作家的名单：莫泊桑、弗吉尼娅·伍尔夫、海明威、川端康成、芥川龙之介、三岛由纪夫、叶赛宁、马雅可夫斯基、茨维塔耶娃、海子等。人们在谈论作家自杀现象时，总是企图从作家的痛苦、孤

独与绝望中体会出某种哲学蕴含，这种过度阐释有可能将作家自杀这一复杂现象简单的诗化了。

当然，人类毕竟处于向死而生的境地中，生命的有限性使人类无法放弃对死的思考，而作家更加专注于人的内心世界，对自我理想的追求和对生命意义的追问更加强烈，对现实世界更加敏感和苛刻，所以，作家的自杀在很大程度上的确是一个精神事件、心灵事件。

私生子出身的杰克·伦敦对个人主义和超人哲学的信奉与其童年的苦难记忆有关。正是由于尝尽了穷苦困顿、颠沛流浪之苦，杰克·伦敦内心中从不公平、不平等的社会处境中突围的冲动才显得格外强烈。与其无助和软弱地等待，不如与命运殊死一搏。杰克·伦敦的生活是高度紧张的，他一生都在寻求从底层中出头，从厄运中成功。他11岁就外出打零工谋生，14岁因为参与偷袭私人牡蛎场而被抓获，被罚做苦工。后来，他又做了一名水手，开始了航海生涯。18 岁的他参加了向华盛顿“进军”的失业者组织“基林军”，又在进军组织遭取缔后恢复了流浪生活，在监牢与街头之间生存。20岁时他考进加州大学，又因穷困而退学，同姐夫一道去阿拉斯加淘金。坎坷的人生经历和对底层生活的深切体验为他的写作提供了丰富的素材。

在他的短篇小说《热爱生命》中，主人公是一个饥寒交迫的淘金者，他在荒原上与一匹病狼遭遇，淘金者最终用强大的生命意志赢得了这场搏斗，放射出生命的光芒。杰克·伦敦没有赋予这位淘金者一个具体的名字，“他”是一个脆弱而又坚韧的抗争者。杰克·伦敦描述这段生命奇迹的意图并不在于塑造一个“强人”，而是着力表现人在绝境中所爆发出来的生命能量。在小说开篇，杰克·伦敦写下了这样一首诗：“这就是生命中唯一的财富B活过并经历痛苦B能做到这一点也就不错B即使输掉了最后的赌注。”“我一定要达到目的。一切都有希望。我要成功。我就靠一种力量的感觉提起了勇气，抛下嘈杂的地狱，走上甲板去，甲板上的雾气在夜色中像鬼影般飘过，空气很是甜美，纯洁，宁静。”这是杰克·伦敦在《海浪》中写下的一段话。在杰克·伦敦看来，生活的目的是在粉碎障碍、战胜挫折中实现的。

但是，一旦站在了成功的巅峰之后呢？

马丁·伊登通过个人奋斗成名之后得到的不是欢乐，而是可怕的空虚，最终以自杀了结一生。杰克·伦敦这样写道：“当生活变得又痛苦又让人厌倦的时候，死亡就会前来哄你睡去，一睡不醒。”杰克·伦敦用作品和自己的人生经历揭示了这样一重悲剧，即一个人在困境的时候，可以靠梦想坚持下去，而一旦走出困顿获得成功，生命的意义便成为一个问题。苦难可以使人的内心很强大，而成功却能够毁灭一切。

一个人在从底层向上奋斗的过程中，驱使他不断进取的是成功的光环和出人头地的荣耀。而一旦拥有了金钱、声名和权力，终极性的问题便摆在了面前：人一生的奋斗究竟是为

了什么？人活着的意义在哪里？没有期待的生活只能生长出不尽的绝望来。正如苏格拉底所言：“必须追求好的生活远过于生活。”梦想的空白和理想的缺席是致命的。诗意总是在生活过程的延伸中滋生，一旦失去了彼岸，失去了烛光和灯塔，失去了召唤和倾听，生活的诗意便会飘散得干干净净。

成名之后的杰克·伦敦陷入了金钱的泥沼，写作粗制滥造，批量复制了一些低劣之作。他的生活也充满了堕落气息，在购置游船、建造豪华别墅中，打发着内心的无聊。而这无聊增长到极限，死亡便成了唯一的选择。杰克·伦敦用自杀的方式结束了他40岁的生命。这一结局，不仅仅是生命的终结，也是对空虚生活的一种否定，更是对人生意义的一种永远被悬置的发问。杰克·伦敦用死亡的方式背叛了他的成功。他可以忍受痛苦和磨难，却不能面对快乐和舒适。

尼采说：“创造是痛苦的大救济和生命的慰藉。”告别苦难之后，杰克·伦敦创造力和写作质量迅速下降，在失去精神自我的道路上越走越远。一生坚守强者信念、超人哲学的杰克·伦敦在空虚和孤独面前变得异常脆弱。他被自己所创造的成功事业打败了。杰克·伦敦仿佛在用自己的死告诉人们：文学注定是一项受苦的事业，过于舒适和奢华的生活是它的末日。