论史蒂夫·乔布斯的成功原因
内容摘要：20xx年《财富》评乔布斯为十年最佳CEO，认为企业家若能重塑任何一个市场，已堪称毕生成就，然而能够同时改变4大现有市场，乔布斯是史无前例第一人。乔布斯究竟为什么成功的？他是如何成功的？他的成功坚持了哪些马克思原理？
关键字：实践、认识、创新、价值、价格、科学
一、总说
上帝有三个苹果，第一个被亚当和夏娃吃了，孕育了人类；第二个砸在了牛顿头上，砸出了万有引力；第三个被乔布斯咬了一口，创造了别人无法打破的奇迹。
史蒂夫·乔布斯（1955-2011），发明家、企业家、美国苹果公司联合创办人、前行政总裁。19xx年乔布斯和朋友成立苹果电脑公司，他陪伴了苹果公司数十年的起落与复兴，先后领导和推出了麦金塔计算机、iMac、iPod、iPhone等风靡全球亿万人的电子产品。20xx年10月5日他因病逝世，享年56岁。
去年《财富》评乔布斯为十年最佳CEO，认为“企业家若能重塑任何一个市场，已堪称毕生成就，例如亨利·福特改革汽车生产工序等。然而能够同时改变4大现有市场，乔布斯是史无前例第一人”。
二、与马克思原理相随
首先乔布斯能够清楚的知道实践是认识的基础。实践活动是以改造客观世界为目的、主体与客体之间通过一定的中介发生相互作用的过程。主体是指具有思维能力、从事社会实践和认识活动的人，客体是指实践和认识活动所指向的对象。主体与客体的关系，从根本上来说就是认识关系和实践关系，也是改造与被改造的关系。
实践是认识的基础，对认识的决定作用主要表现在1、实践产生了认识的需要；2、实践为认识提供了可能；3、实践使认识得以产生和发展；4、实践是检验真理性的唯一标准。
正是因为乔布斯能够清楚的知道认识的本质及其规律，他才能够在广大的市场中认识到人们最需要的东西。
早在第一版IPod出来时，比尔盖茨肯定在偷笑，说这兄弟昏了头了，做一个在中国珠海已经烂大街，随便十几块钱可以买到的MP3播放器。但是乔布斯的可贵之处在于认识到并非常重视用户的需求，而且容易受到外界的启发。正是因为他知道了认识的本质及规律，所以，在IPod上他大获成功
其次，乔布斯认识到创新的重要性。他曾说过：“创新无极限！只要敢想，没有什么不可能，立即跳出思维的框框吧。如果你正处于一个上升的朝阳行业，那么尝试去寻找更有效的解决方案：更招消费者喜爱、更简洁的商业模式。如果你处于一个日渐萎缩的行业，那么赶紧在自己变得跟不上时代之前抽身而出，去换个工作或者转换行业。不要拖延，立刻开始创新！”
创新对于创新者来说，其价值恰恰在于“价值”的增长 ，学习可以使很多人“成绩”优秀，创新却是个体间差别的最佳裁判。创新的意义在于满足客观存在的需求，并能够有效解决工作生活中碰到的和即将碰到的问题。创新首先是一个观念上的更新，事物在不断发展变化，人的观念随着新的信息、理论和新事物的出现而不断更新，引领变革的思想和理论是最高层次的创新，由此可以说创新是发展的原动力。 创新的模式其实很多，但任何创新都不能脱离实践，而且要
在实践中有针对性地培养。创新的时机、实用价值和创新的程度等都非常重要，创新的目标是创新的归宿和起点。创新模式可以是管理思维场新，也可以是管理机制创新，也可以是战略创新、行为创新、技术创新或者是其它。创新就是要敢为天下先，也就是改变过去的不尽合理，使一个人、一个团队、一个集体永远获得领先的机会。
正是因为创新，苹果先后推出了麦金塔计算机、iMac、iPod、iPhone，每一次推陈出新都给用户带来了惊喜，并推动了行业不断向前发展。对于许多计算机用户而言，苹果定义并引领着计算机产业，推动着技术创新，改变着人们对个人计算的认知。在技术创新上始终走在绝对前面的苹果，以惊人的速度取得了巨大的市场。
美国总统奥巴马评价乔布斯为美国最伟大的创新领袖之一，“他拥有非凡的勇气去创造不同的事物，并且以大无畏的精神改造着这个世界，同时他卓越的天赋也让他成就了能够改变世界的人。
再次，乔布斯懂得 “价值”和“价格”是两码事。商品的价值量是由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定，商品交换以价值量为基础，按照等价交换的原则进行，形成价值规律。价值规律是贯穿于整个商品经济的一般规律，它既支配商品生产，又支配商品流通。在商品经济中，价值规律的表现形式是商品的价格围绕商品的价值自发波动。由于供求关系变动的影响，商品的价格总是时而高于价值，时而低于价值，不断地围绕价值这个中心上下波动。从较长时间来看，价格高于价值的部分和价格低于价值的部分能够相互相抵，商品的平均价格和价值是相一致的。正如马克思所指出的：“价格和价值量之间的量的不一致的可能性，或者价格偏离价值量的可能性，已经包含在价格形式本身中。但这并不是这种形式的缺点，相反地，却使这种形式成为这样一种生产方式的适当形式，在这种生产方式下，规则只能作为没有规则性德盲目起作用的平均数规律来为自己开辟道路。”
如果你的决策都是根据价格做出的,你会倒霉。如果你单纯依赖价格,你更倒霉。价格根本没那么重要,重要的是价值。价值包括训练、支持,以及通过使用最靠谱的工具获得的发自内心的快感。可以说没几个人是因为苹果的东西便宜才买苹果产品的。
最后，乔布斯懂得最永久的发明创造都是艺术与科学的嫁接。史蒂夫经常指出，苹果和其他所有计算机公司的最大区别在于苹果一真设法嫁接艺术与科学。乔布斯指出，研究Mac的初始团队拥有人类学、艺术、历史和诗歌等学科的教育背景。这对苹果产品脱颖而出一直很重要。这是iPad与它之前或之后所有平板电脑的区别。这是一种产品的外观和触觉，是它的灵魂。但计算机科学家或工程师很难看出这种重要性，因此任何公司都必须有一个领袖认识到这种重要性。
“科学技术是第一生产力”是邓小平理论中的一个极其重要的科学论断。这个论断丰富和发展了马克思主义关于科学技术和关于生产力的学说。其中，生产力问题是联系科学观、技术观与历史观的纽带。从马克思的“科学技术是生产力”到邓小平的“科学技术是第一生产力”是一个很大的发展，真正实现了马克思主义科学观、技术观和历史观三者的统一，从而深刻体现了马克思主义的哲学一元论特征。从时代背景上来看，它又是对当代科学、技术和生产三者一体化发展趋势的高度理论概括。
邓小平同志提出“科学技术是第一生产力”的论断，把科学技术提高到社会主义经济发展战略的首要位置。这不仅是基于当代世界经济发展的经验总结，而且
也是有充足的马克思主义理论依据的。事实上，这个科学论断本身就体现了唯物史观的新发展。早在１００多年前，马克思就提出了科学技术是生产力的论点，开始把科学、技术和生产力（全部历史的基础）这三个概念结合在同一个命题中。今天，邓小平同志进一步提出“科学技术是第一生产力”的论断，把生产力主要地归于科学技术的高度，不仅从形式上、而且从内容实质上实现了马克思主义科学观、技术观和历史观三者的统一。
而乔布斯更进一步，把科学与文化完美结合起来，创造了奇迹。
三、改变世界
企业改变世界的感慨我们并不陌生。比如说，市场经济和资本主义的萌芽，创造了现代文明，早已成为历史常识。比如说，航海和全球大发现，荷兰东印度公司的成立和亚洲贸易，对全球格局造成了重大颠覆。甚至两次世界大战的起因，都与经济衰退、企业倒闭有直接联系。再把范围缩小一点，汽车制造商福特发明了“流水线”模式，他本人可能都未曾料到，初衷不过是提高劳动生产率、增加公司盈利的管理办法而已，但最后，“福特制”竟然成为了思想史上的深刻烙印，不仅在工业时代作为标志性象征，此后在科学和人文领域，更是引发了对现代性的批判，似乎成了让人类异化的帮凶。这场科学理性和自由精神、人性解放的辩论，至今都没有分出结果，“后福特时代”的研究依然在继续。
虽说，企业改变世界的感慨我们并不陌生。比如说，市场经济和资本主义的萌芽，创造了现代文明，早已成为历史常识。比如说，航海和全球大发现，荷兰东印度公司的成立和亚洲贸易，对全球格局造成了重大颠覆。甚至两次世界大战的起因，都与经济衰退、企业倒闭有直接联系。再把范围缩小一点，汽车制造商福特发明了“流水线”模式，他本人可能都未曾料到，初衷不过是提高劳动生产率、增加公司盈利的管理办法而已，但最后，“福特制”竟然成为了思想史上的深刻烙印，不仅在工业时代作为标志性象征，此后在科学和人文领域，更是引发了对现代性的批判，似乎成了让人类异化的帮凶。这场科学理性和自由精神、人性解放的辩论，至今都没有分出结果，
而乔布斯所在的当代，似乎正值“后福特时代”：年轻人孜孜以求与众不同，而非标准化。全球经历了种族运动、妇女解放运动、环保主义等一次次激荡。今天，谈论一家大企业的经济伦理和社会责任，远比高效管理更吸引眼球。“后福特时代”迎来了各种替代物：灵活性生产、平等的团队工作，一切向着激发人的创造性转变，而非泯灭个性。思想家似乎不约而同都看到了人的本身，意识到人的感情、心理何等重要。与此相呼应，消费领域充分迎合人的感官，甚至过度激发个体潜在欲望，让个人主义在消费文化的烘托下，达到前所未有的高度。
这些转变说起来轻而易举，但是真正能把握时代脉搏的组织和个体，简直是凤毛麟角。因为 “第二次浪潮”并没有完全褪去，工厂依然遍布全球，密集的劳动力加工、高利润的追求依然是资本的驱动本能。任何一个白手起家的企业，都不敢一下子抛弃这些原则，不甘放弃单纯逐利去照顾员工的快乐、环境和谐与社会责任。组织性、纪律性依然是凝聚一个机构运作的核心系统。而市场和消费者究竟喜欢什么，在多元、小众的趋势下，人心越发难以捉摸。当大家不再流行同一种审美，看同一本书，听同一首歌时，世界仿佛又回归到了原始的杂乱无序，把握市场动向和集体心理，比以往任何一个时代都困难。即使成功，也很容易失去阵地，被喜新厌旧的消费者抛弃。
苹果的兴盛，并没有带来惊人的专利发明，没有带来改变世界的大发现，也没有刷新组织和制度的文明，它只是生产IT领域的娱乐玩具而已。但是，它比
其他组织更加敏锐地把握住了一点：不再让人类迎合机械，而是让系统更加顺应人心。专业术语称赞为 “良好的用户体验”，可这仅仅是 “用户体验”吗？这是顺应后工业时代的思潮，切中人与科技、人与组织、人与规则的未来。固然，苹果本身没有重大的发明惊喜，但是它肯定了人类思维模式的变化。也许几个世纪以后，人们回顾苹果，将完全遗忘它并不完美的产品，铭记的是它提前领跑了一个崭新时代的理念和勇气，铭记的是乔布斯完美的把艺术融入科技和人们的生活。
第二篇：史蒂夫乔布斯演讲
Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
谢谢大家。很荣幸能和你们，来自世界最好大学之一的毕业生们，一块儿参加毕业典礼。老实说，我大学没有毕业，今天恐怕是我一生中离大学毕业最近的一次了。
Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
今天我想告诉大家来自我生活的三个故事。没什么大不了的，只是三个故事而已。
The first story is about connecting the dots.
第一个故事，如何串连生命中的点滴。
I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed
graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy. Do you want him?" They said, "Of course." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never
graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
我在里得大学读了六个月就退学了，但是在18个月之后--我真正退学之前，我还常去学校。为何我要选择退学呢？这还得从我出生之前说起。我的生母是一个年轻、未婚的大学毕业生，她决定让别人收养我。她有一个很强烈的信仰，认为我应该被一个大学毕业生家庭收养。于是，一对律师夫妇说好了要领养我，然而最后一秒钟，他们改变了主意，决定要个女孩儿。然后我排在收养人名单中的养父母在一个深夜接到电话，“很意外，我们多了一个男婴，你们要吗？”“当然要！”但是我的生母后来又发现我的养母没有大学毕业，养父连高中都没有毕业。她拒绝在领养书上签字。几个月后，我的养父母保证会让我上大学，她妥协了。
This was the start in my life. And 17 years later, I did go to college, but I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I
decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
这是我生命的开端。十七年后，我上大学了，但是我很无知地选了一所差不多和斯坦福一样贵的学校，几乎花掉我那蓝领阶层养父母一生的积蓄。六个月后，我觉得不值得。我看不出自己以后要做什么，也不晓得大学会怎样帮我指点迷津，而我却在花销父母一生的积蓄。所以我决定退学，并且相信没有做错。一开始非常吓人，但回忆起来，这却是我一生中作的最好的决定之一。从我退学的那一刻起，我可以停止一切不感兴趣的必修课，开始旁听那些有意思得多的课。
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good - 1 -
meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example.
事情并不那么美好。我没有宿舍可住，睡在朋友房间的地上。为了吃饭，我收集五分一个的旧可乐瓶，每个星期天晚上步行七英里到哈尔-克里什纳庙里改善一下一周的伙食。我喜欢这种生活方式。能够遵循自己的好奇和直觉前行后来被证明是多么的珍贵。让我来给你们举个例子吧。
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great
typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
当时的里德大学提供可能是全国最好的书法指导。校园中每一张海报，抽屉上的每一张标签，都是漂亮的手写体。由于我已退学，不用修那些必修课，我决定选一门书法课上上。在这门课上，我学会了“serif”和"sans-serif"两种字体、学会了怎样在不同的字母组合中改变字间距、学会了怎样写出好的字来。这是一种科学无法捕捉的微妙，楚楚动人、充满历史底蕴和艺术性，我觉得自己被完全吸引了。
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
当时我并不指望书法在以后的生活中能有什么实用价值。但是，十年之后，我们在设计第一台 Macintosh计算机时，它一下子浮现在我眼前。于是，我们把这些东西全都设计进了计算机中。这是第一台有这么漂亮的文字版式的计算机。要不是我当初在大学里偶然选了这么一门课，Macintosh计算机绝不会有那么多种印刷字体或间距安排合理的字号。要不是Windows照搬了 Macintosh，个人电脑可能不会有这些字体和字号。
If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
要不是退了学，我决不会碰巧选了这门书法课，个人电脑也可能不会有现在这些漂亮的版式了。
Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. You can only connect them looking
backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever--because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the
confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.
当然，我在大学里不可能从这一点上看到它与将来的关系。十年之后再回头看，两者之间关系就非常、非常清楚了。你们同样不可能从现在这个点上看到将来；只有回头看时，才会发现它们之间的关系。所以你必须相信，那些点点滴滴，会在你未来的生命里，以某种方式串联起来。你必须相信一些东西——你的勇气、宿命、生活、因缘，随便什么——因为相信这些点滴能够一路连接会给你带来循从本觉的自信，它使你远离平凡，变得与众不同。
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My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. We worked hard and in ten years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. We'd just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned 30, and then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so, things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our board of directors sided with him, and so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out. What had been the focus of my
entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the Valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I'd been rejected but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over. 第二个故事是关于爱与失的。我很幸运，很早就发现自己喜欢做的事情。我二十岁的时候就和沃茨在父母的车库里开创了苹果公司。我们工作得很努力，十年后，苹果公司成长为拥有四千名员工，价值二十亿的大公司。我们刚刚推出了最好的创意，Macintosh操作系统，在这之前的一年，也就是我刚过三十岁，我被解雇了。你怎么可能被一个亲手创立的公司解雇？事情是这样的，在公司成长期间，我雇佣了一个我们认为非常聪明，可以和我一起经营公司的人。一年后，我们对公司未来的看法产生分歧，董事会站在了他的一边。于是，在我三十岁的时候，我出局了，很公开地出局了。我整个成年生活的焦点没了，这很要命。一开始的几个月我真的不知道该干什么。我觉得我让公司的前一代创建者们失望了，我把传给我的权杖给弄丢了。我与戴维德·帕珂德和鲍勃·诺埃斯见面，试图为这彻头彻尾的失败道歉。我败得如此之惨以至于我想要逃离硅谷。但有个东西在慢慢地叫醒我：我还爱着我从事的行业。这次失败一点儿都没有改变这一点。我被逐了，但我仍爱着我的事业。我决定重新开始。
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life. During the next five years I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, "Toy Story," and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
当时我没有看出来，但事实证明“被苹果开除”是发生在我身上最好的事。成功的重担被重新起步的轻松替代，对任何事情都不再特别看重，这让我感觉如此自由，进入一生中最有创造力的阶段。接下来的五年，我创立了一个叫NeXT的公司，接着又建立了Pixar，然后与后来成为我妻子的女人相爱。Pixar出品了世界第一个电脑动画电影：“玩具总动员”，现在它已经是世界最成功的动画制作工作室了。
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT and I returned to Apple and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance, and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
在一系列的成功运转后，苹果收购了NeXT，我又回到了苹果。我们在NeXT开发的技术在苹果的复兴中起了核心作用，另外劳琳和我组建了一个幸福的家庭。
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep - 3 -
looking, and don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it, and like any great relationship it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Don't settle.
我非常确信，如果我没有被苹果炒掉，这些就都不会发生。这个药的味道太糟了，但是我想病人需要它。有些时候，生活会给你迎头一棒。不要丧失信心。我确信唯一让我一路走下来的是我对自己所做事情的热爱。你必须去找你热爱的东西，对工作如此，对你的爱人也是这样的。工作会占据你生命中很大的一部分，你只有相信自己做的是伟大的工作，你才能怡然自得。如果你还没有找到，那么就继续找，不要停。全心全意地找，当你找到时，你会知道的。就像任何真诚的关系，随着时间的流逝，只会越来越紧密。所以继续找，不要停。
My third story is about death. When I was 17 I read a quote that went something like "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important thing I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life, because almost everything--all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or
failure--these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
我的第三个故事关于死亡。我17岁的时候读到过一句话“如果你把每一天都当作最后一天过，有一天你会发现你是正确的”。这句话给我留下了深刻的印象。从那以后，过去的33年，每天早上我都会对着镜子问自己：“如果今天是我的最后一天，我会不会做我想做的事情呢？”如果连着一段时间，答案都是否定的的话，我就知道我需要改变一些东西了。提醒自己就要死了是我遇见的最大的帮助，帮我作了生命中的大决定。因为几乎任何事——所有的荣耀、骄傲、对难堪和失败的恐惧——在死亡面前都会消隐，留下真正重要的东西。提醒自己就要死亡是我知道的最好的方法，用来避开担心失去某些东西的陷阱。你已经赤裸裸了，没有理由不听从于自己的心愿。
About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctors' code for "prepare to die." It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next ten years to tell them, in just a few months. It means to make sure that everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
大约一年前，我被诊断出患了癌症。我早上七点半作了扫描，清楚地显示在我的胰腺有一个肿瘤。我当时都不知道胰腺是什么东西。医生们告诉我这几乎是无法治愈的，我还有三到六个月的时间。我的医生建议我回家，整理一切。在医生的辞典中，这就是“准备死亡”的意思。就是意味着把要对你小孩说十年的话在几个月内说完；意味着把所有东西搞定，尽量让你的家庭活得轻松一点；意味着你要说“永别”了。
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I am fine now.
我整日都想着那诊断书的事情。后来有天晚上我做了一个活切片检查，他们将一个内窥镜伸进我的喉咙，穿过胃，到达肠道，用一根针在我的胰腺肿瘤上取了几个细胞。我当时是被麻醉的，但是我的妻子告诉我，那些医生在显微镜下看到细胞的时候开始尖叫，因为发现这竟然是一种非常罕见的可用手术治愈的胰腺癌症。我做了手术，现在，我痊愈了。 - 4 -
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual
concept. No one wants to die, even people who want to go to Heaven don't want to die to get there, and yet, death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. It's life's change agent; it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now, the new is you. But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice, and most important, have the courage to follow heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
这是我最接近死亡的时候，我也希望是我未来几十年里最接近死亡的一次。这次死里逃生让我比以往只知道死亡是一个有用而纯粹书面概念的时候更确信地告诉你们，没有人愿意死，即使那些想上天堂的人们也不愿意通过死亡来达到他们的目的。但是死亡是每个人共同的终点，没有人能够逃脱。也应该如此，因为死亡很可能是生命最好的发明。它去陈让新。现在，你们就是“新”。但是有一天，不用太久，你们有会慢慢变老然后死去。抱歉，这很戏剧性，但却是真的。你们的时间是有限的，不要浪费在重复别人的生活上。不要被教条束缚，那意味着会和别人思考的结果一块儿生活。不要被其他人的喧嚣观点掩盖自己内心真正的声音。你的直觉和内心知道你想要变成什么样子。所有其他东西都是次要的。
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. it was sort of like Google in paperback form 35 years before Google came along. It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stuart and his team put out several issues of the The Whole Earth Catalogue, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitch-hiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath were the words, "Stay hungry, stay foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. "Stay hungry, stay foolish." And I have always wished that for myself, and now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay hungry, stay foolish.
我年轻的时候，有一份叫做《完整地球目录》的好杂志，是我们这一代人的圣经之一。它是一个叫斯纠华特·布兰的、住在离这不远的曼罗公园的家伙创立的。他用诗一般的触觉将这份杂志带到世界。那是六十年代后期，个人电脑出现之前，所以这份杂志全是用打字机、剪刀和偏光镜制作的。有点像软皮包装的google，不过却早了三十五年。它理想主义，全文充斥着灵巧的工具和伟大的想法。斯纠华特和他的小组出版了几期“完整地球目录”，在完成使命之前，他们出版了最后一期。那是七十年代中期，我和你们差不多大。最后一期的封底是一张清晨乡村小路的照片，如果你有冒险精神，可以自己找到这条路。下面有一句话，“保持饥饿，保持愚蠢”。这是他们的告别语，“保持饥饿，保持愚蠢”。我常以此勉励自己。现在，在你们即将踏上新旅程的时候，我也希望你们能这样。保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。
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