作家不上街不演讲

---对某作家演讲的感言

朱小禾

中国作家忙于作现实批判，是左拉式的传统作家，最多只是持不同政见者和大众的喉舌，但绝不是现代作家。现代作家的思想应该高于现实批判，致力于建构极其复杂的精神世界，反映人类心智在提高灵性方面的努力，从这个意义上讲，现代性作家的任务是用语言和写作编织神话，作家的活动和冲动，不应该是现实批判活动和冲动，而是形而上的活动和冲动，只能局限在神话式的写作中。作家的思想也只能来自写作，来自沉着、平静、复杂分析和推论的想象力，而不能直接来自头脑，直接来自现成的理论和大众意识形态。总之作家的活动、冲动和思想应该与正义感、讽刺和愤怒无关，作家的立场也应锚定在赞成和反对之间的缝隙中。

作家不应该离开书桌，不应该离开写作，严肃的作家不演讲、不上街，否则就会丧失思想，他的言谈就只能是人云亦云。

作家的理性和良心只能在临时的写作中发现，是在复杂的写作劳动中体会到的东西，而不是在内心思考中发现。写作过程既是物质性又是神话性的，写作过程就是良心的等价物，因此干脆说作家的理性和良心就是写作神话本身，而不是所谓真正人的内心。

作家当然应该对现实的刺激非常敏感，但作家的冲动有自己的原则，这个原则只能来自写作。写作是用语言对现实话题进行延伸、分化、分解和转化，从现实话题推导出特殊的神话话题。现实的话题无所谓正确与错误，都只能是编织神话的材料，由此写作是一种延伸、分化、形而上和抽象的活动，作家的冲动也是这种性质的冲动，甚至可以说是语言虚无主义冲动，不可能是现实和社会批判的冲动。

作家的言谈也应该是延伸、偏移、转化和生成性的言谈，应该是抽象、分离的和高度分化的言谈，不能是正义与非正义，正确与错误的日常认知言谈，所以也是特殊性、分歧、风险性的言谈，不同于社会学、政治学、科学和道德言谈，而是摆脱这些言谈。

作家言谈可以针对任何现实话题，但必须把这些话题进行分化、转换和延伸，引向更陌生的领域，而不应对这些话题作道德评论。作家的声音不是所谓正义的声音和正确的声音，既不能迎合官方和正统，也不能迎合大众、小资和舆论。

如果作家谈论毒奶粉、地沟油事件，其言谈不能盲目附和舆论，而应从不同的视角延伸这个话题，让这个话题从舆论中分离和分化出去。比如，这些事件尽管在道德上恶劣，但让人们看到活跃的社会过程和潜在的民间野性力量摆脱羁绊的表演，是对科学和管理的权威标准进行肆意挑衅，也对颓废的活命哲学、保命哲学和神圣的健康观念进行肆意挑衅，并打乱行业合理和机械的规范进程，从思想观念看，这是一场好戏，防止了思维和观念僵化。同时这些话题变相的警告人们，在抽象的金钱欲望和技术现实面前，自然性的食物和自然性的健康是不可能的，食物和健康的概念可以随意加工和改变，人道主义者的愤怒无济于事，这是现代欲望和技术的自由王国对传统自然王国的超越。

作家应该用写作去质疑、延伸和解构现有的人文主义、小资和启蒙的语义，而不是以这些语义为标准，谴责活跃、野性、偶然和离谱的社会过程和政治过程，这才体现作家的社会责任和作用。

对作家来讲，思想和语义只能从临时的写作中临时产生，而不能附和现成的人文主义标准。写作是沉着和复杂的，绝不是以简单结论来煽情。没有任何语义信条是神圣、自明和可以不被解构的，这包括启蒙思想信条。

学术的寒冬的提法我是赞同的，但造成学术寒冬的原因，除了知识分子土里土气的追求升官发财奔小康，还在于他们简单、轻率和直接的用浪漫主义和启蒙思想的夸夸其谈去批判现实，而不是凭借有方法的思想劳动，进行建设性的描述。这是知识分子浮躁和堕落的两种对立形式。

2012,1

第二篇：美国总统奥巴马获胜感言(英汉对照版,学习英语、演讲利器)

Thought this make you blow out. The popular vote is relatively close in Florida, and the journey even close present Ladies and Gentlemen It’s the first family of United States of America. And there he is president and the left Barack Obama. his wife Michelle and daughters Sasha and Malia, Let’s take it in.

今晚一定非常火爆 万众瞩目的大选在佛罗里达落下了帷幕 这个漫长的征程已经接近尾声 女士们先生们 这是美利坚合众国的第一家庭 现在进场的是总统以及他的家人 巴拉克.奥马巴 他的妻子米歇尔还有他的女儿们萨萨和玛利亚 热烈欢迎

Hello, Chicago. If there is anyone out there, who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders, if the dream of our founders is alive in our

time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.

芝加哥，我来了 如果仍有人 在怀疑美国是否是一个万能的国家；如果仍有人在疑虑美国缔造者的梦想是否存活于这个时代；如果仍人在质疑我们的民主力量是否强大，今晚答案将被揭晓。

It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches , in numbers this nation has never seen , by people who waited three hours and four hours , many for the first time in their lives , because they believed that this time must be different , that their voices could be that difference . It’s the answer spoken by young and old; rich and poor; Democrat and Republican; black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native America, gay, straight ; disabled and not disabled

我们可以从史无前例的) （排在学校和教堂周围等待投票的浩荡的队伍中获知答案，这些选民排了三四个小时的队。其中有些人甚至

是生平第一次参与选举，因为他们相信这次选举是与众不同的，而这种不同则可能来自于他们内心的呼声，无论是青年还是老人，无论是富人还是穷人，无论是民主党人还是共和党人，无论是黑人、白人、还是西班牙裔、亚裔、本土美国人、亦或同性恋者、异性恋者;无论是残障人士还是健全人士，都将告诉我们答案。

Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals, or a collection of red states and blue states. We are and always will be the United States of America. It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful ，and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day . It’s been a long time coming , but tonight , because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment , change has come to America

全国人民已经告诉全世界，我们的选举从未有过红州和蓝州之分我们是，而且永远都是美利坚合众国。这个答案，告诉了那些长久以来对我们的未来充满担忧，焦虑以及恐惧的人们。我们要用双手重筑历史的大桥，让它通向更加美好的彼岸。为了迎接这一刻的到来，我们已经期待良久。但在今晚，由于我们在选举的关键时刻所做出的抉

择，美国将翻开崭新的一页。

A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call form Sen.McCan. Sen.McMain fought long and hard in this campaign. And he’s fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine. We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him. I congratulate Goy. Palin for all that they’ve achieved. And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead

就在刚才，我接到到了极具风度的麦凯恩议员的电话，麦凯恩为了这次选举奋战了很久，为了所热爱的国家，出更加艰辛而长久的努力。长期以来他对美国所做出的贡献，是超乎我们想象的。我们已受益于，这位勇敢无私的领导者为美国所做出的贡献，我祝贺他，也祝贺佩琳，他们取得了骄人的成绩，同时我很期待能与他们合作来履行我们数月之前对整个国家做出来的承诺)。

I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women

he grew up with on the streets of Scranton, and rode with on the train home to Delaware. The vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.

我要感谢我的竞选拍档，他全心全意参与竞选，为那些和他一起在斯克兰顿街头长大，为那些和他一同搭火车回特拉华的普通民众代言。他就是已经当选为美国副总统的乔 拜登。

And I wound not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years , the rock of our family , the love of my life , the nation’s next first lady Michelle . Obama. Sasha and Malia, I love you both more than you can imagine, and you have earned the new puppy that ‘s coming with us to the new White House . I know my grandmother’s watching along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight. I know that my debt to them is beyond measure .To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters. Thanks you so much for the support that you’ve giver me. I am grateful to them.

今晚我将不会站在这里，如果没有我16年来挚友的全力支持，

没有我家庭成员的强力支撑，没有我一生挚爱的妻子，也就是下一位美国第一夫人米歇尔.奥巴马的支持。 萨莎和玛利亚，我对你们的爱是超乎想象的，你们已经得到了一只新的小狗，它将和我们一起入住白宫。我的祖母以及我的家人正在注视着我，是他们一同成就了今天的我，今晚我很想念他们。我所亏欠他们的是无以回报的恩情，感谢我的妹妹玛雅和阿尔玛 ，还有其他兄弟姐妹，非常感谢你们对我的全力支持。我真的很感激.

And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign ,who built the best political campaign, I think in the history of the United states of America .To my chief Strategist David Axerlrod. who’s been a partner with me every step of the way . To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.

感谢我的竞选经理，大卫.普劳夫这位无名英雄创造了美国历史上最伟大的政治选举。还要感谢我的首席策略师大卫.亚克瑟罗德，他是我竞选中的好搭档。感谢有史以来最棒的竞选团队，是你们造就了今天这一刻 ，我将会永远铭记，铭记你们为此时此刻所付出的努力。

But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to, It belongs to you, It belongs to you. I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Dos Moines and the living rooms of Concord, and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings, they had go give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause.

但最重要的是，将永远不会忘记这场胜利的真正归属

它属于你们，它属于你们。我一直没有对我的选举抱有希望 起初我们并没有充足的资金和广泛的支持。我们的竞选之程并非起步于华盛顿的高门华第之内，而是始于得梅因的后院 协和酒店的客厅以及查尔斯顿的门廊，们的资金是靠那些辛勤的劳动者积累而来的，他们省吃俭用，是为了能为我们的竞选凑上5美元、10美元、或者20美元。

It grew strength form the young people who reject the myth of their generation’s apathy, who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep. It drew strength form the not-so-young people who braved the better cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect

strangers, and form the millions of Americans who volunteered an organized and proved that more than two centuries later, a government of the people, by the people and for the people has not perished form the Earth. This is your victory.

那些摒弃了他们那代人冷漠传说的年轻人使竞选队伍成长了起来，那些离开了家乡和亲人，在外闯荡只能赚取微薄收入的人们 ，那些为了进行宣传活动默默忍受着刺骨的寒冷和焦灼的高温挨家挨户地敲响陌生人的房门的人们也日益壮大了我们的队伍，数以万计的美国人民自发组织起来就是为了证明就算是两百多年以后就个民有、民享、民治的政府仍将巍然屹立与地球之上 , 这个胜利是属于你们的.

And I know you didn’t do this just to win an election, And I know you didn’t do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime. Two wars, a planets in peril, the worst financial crisis in century. Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.

我知道你们所做的一切并不只是为了赢得大选，我也知道你们所

做的一切并不是为了我一个人。你之所以这样做是因为你们明白，我们前路仍然布满荆棘。即使我们今晚在此欢呼雀跃我们也难以漠视未来之挑战的艰巨性将是空前绝后的这一事实，两场战争，一个满目疮痍的星球和一场百年不遇的特大经济危机，即使我们今晚聚会于此庆祝狂欢，我们也情不自禁的牵挂着勇敢的美国士兵，为了保护我们而冒着生命危险跋涉于伊拉克沙漠之中，攀援于阿富汗的群山之上。

There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after the children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage or pay their doctors’ bills or save enough for their child’s college education. There’s new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build and threats to meet, alliances to repair. The road ahead will be long, Our climb will be steep.

还会有父母在孩子进入梦乡之后仍然无法入眠，担心如何偿还按揭月供，担心如何支付医疗费，或者担心如何存够送孩子上大学的钱。我们亟待开发新能源，创造新的工作机会，修建新的学校，有应付众多威胁，修复与许多国家之间的关系，路漫漫其修远兮，前方的路是陡峭的。

We may not get there in one year or even in one term, But, America, I have never been hopeful than I am tonight that we

will get there. I promise you, we as a people will get there. There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make as president. And we know the government can’t solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face, I will listen to you especially when we disagree. And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way it’s been done in America for 221 years, block by block, brick and brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.

我们未必能在一年或者一届任期之内完成任务，但是，美国，我从未像今晚这样满怀希望。我们就可以达到目标，我向你保证，我们会做到的。途中会有挫折，甚至一开始就会失败，会有很多人不同意我作为总统所做出的决策与制定的方针。众所周知，政府不是万能的，但我会永远坦率地面对我们的挑战，我会听取你们的意见，尤其在我们出现分歧的时候。最重要的是，我会恳求你们加入重建共同家园的工作，一项我们已经为之奋斗了211年的工作，一砖一瓦，一步一个脚印 。

What began 21 months ago, in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change

we seek. It is the change for us to make that change, And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It can’t happen without you, without a new sprit of service, new spirit of sacrifice. So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other.

21个月前，在白雪纷飞的寒冬中开始的艰程，不能在这秋日的夜晚里结束。单就这次选举的胜利而言，它并不是我们所渴求的变化，它仅仅是实现变化的一个机会。但是如果我们重蹈覆辙，这一变化将无从实现。没有你们，没有新的服务精神，没有新奉献精神，国家的面貌不会得到改变，所以让我们发扬全新的爱国主义精神以及主人翁精神 ，每一个人都致力于努力工作并关心他人。

Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything. It’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers. In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people. Let’s resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness, and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long.

我们要记得这次金融危机带给我们的教训，如果小城镇萧条的话中，华尔街也繁荣不起来。在美国，让我们以一个民族一个整体的身

份同存亡共荣辱，我们摒弃那些，毒害国家政权多年的幼稚无聊的党派纷争。

Let’s remember that it was a man from this state, who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to White House. a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and national unity. Those are values that we all share. And while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies, but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.

我们要始终铭记这个国家的一名男子，第一次将共同党的旗帜挂在了白宫之上。一个倡导自力更生独立民主和国家统一的政党。那些都是我们所拥护的价值观，今晚在民主党大获全胜的同时，我们更要以一种谦卑果敢的心态。那些阻碍我们前进的隔膜以及分歧 去化解并消除。在面临着比当今形式更严重的国家分裂时，林肯说过，我们是朋友，不是敌人。尽管现在我们的情绪有些紧绷，但决不允许它折断联结我们情感的纽带 。

And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn, I may not have won your vote tonight, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your president, too. And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, form parliaments and palaces, to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of world, our stories are singular , but destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand.

对于那些没有投我选票的选民，也许时至今晚我也尚未得到你们的支持，但是我听到了你们的心声 我需要你们的帮助，因为同时我也是你们的总统。对于那些远在大洋彼岸，在国会和王宫中的人们，对于那些蜷缩在一个被遗忘的角落听收音机的人们。我们各有各的故事，但是我们的命运是密切相关的，美国的领导阶层即将破晓黎明

To those-to those who would tear the world down: We will defeat you, To those who seek peace and security: We support you. And to all those who have wondered if America’s beacon still burns as bright, Tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not form the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of ideals

democracy , liberty , opportunity and unyielding hope.

对于那些试图让天下大乱的人，我们将毫不留情地击败你们，对于那些期望世界安全和平的人，我们将义无反顾地支持你们，至于那些对美国是否能保持超级大国地位持有怀疑态度的人。今晚我们将再次证明我们的客观实力，并非来自于我们的军队和财富，而是来自于源源不断的梦想的力量，民主、自由、机遇以及永不服输的希望。

That’s the true genius of America：that America can change our union can be perfected. What we’ve already achieved gives us hope for what can and must achieve tomorrow.

美国的真正天赋在于：美国是与时俱进的。我们的联盟会日趋完善，我们已经取得了成就，给我我们新的希望，让我们更加步伐坚定地迈向明天。

This election had many fists and many stories that will be told for generations, But one that’s on my mind tonight’s about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta, She’s a lot like the millions of others, who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing, Ann Nixon Cooper is 106

years old. She was born just a generation past slavery, a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the shy when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons, because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin. And tonight, I think about all that she’s seem throughout her century in America, the heartache and the hope the struggle and the progress. the times we were told that we can’t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed : Yes we can. At a time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes, we can. When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs, a new sense of common purpose Yes we can. When the bombs fell on our harbor, and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes, we can. he was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that, “We shall overcome ”. Yes, we can. A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination, And this year, in this election, she touched her

finger to screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, though the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes, we can.

这次选举所创造的无数“第一次”和故事将永垂青史，但让我印象最为深刻的是一位在亚特兰大投上她神圣一票的女士。她和数以万计的在这次选举中想说出心声的选民，唯一的不同之处在于，安. 尼克松.库伯已经106岁高龄了。她出生在刚废除奴隶制不久的年代，那是个没有汽车飞机的年代，那里她没有选举权，有两个原因，因为她是女人，同时也是黑人。但是今晚，我思索着在她的阶段所绝对经历的百年美国，挣扎与进步，绝望与希望那个让我们妄自菲薄的年代，我们被告知我们所向披靡的美国信条的年代，那是一个女人心声的被压制（梦想被搁浅）的时代，她见证了女性同胞站了起来，勇敢说出自己的心声，并拥有了选举权，是的，我们可以。当国家牌绝望和一片萧条的境况中，她见证了一个国家是如何通过新政的，新的工作机会，新的全民意识战胜了恐惧。是的，我们可以。当日本袭击珍珠港，暴政让世界岌岌可危时，她见证了一代人的崛起和民主得到捍卫。是的，我们可以。她看到蒙马利通了巴士，伯明翰接上了水管，塞尔玛建了大桥。一位来自亚特兰大的传教士告诉人们，“我们会战胜一切”，是的，我们可以。人类的登月，柏林墙的倒塌，世界被我们的科学和想象连接在一起。今年，在这次大选中，她用手指触摸屏幕，投下了自己神圣的一票，因为她在美国生活的106年期间，既见证了兴盛时

期，也目睹了衰败时期，她知道美国是如何一步步走过来的。是的，我们可以。

America, we have come so far, We have seen so much, But there is so much more to do, So, tonight, let us ask ourselves, if our children should live to see the next century, if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see ? what progress will we have made ？ This is our chance to answer that call ,This is our moment, This is our time, to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids, to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace, to reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth that, out of many ,we are one, that while we breathe, we hope And where we are met with cynicism and doubts and those who tell us that we can’t we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirits of a people. Yes, we can. Thank you，God bless you, And may God bless the United States of America.

美国，我们走过了漫漫长路，我们历经了种种坎坷，但仍然有许多事情要做，所以今晚，让我们扪心自问。如果我们的孩子能够活到下个世纪，如果我们的女儿有幸和安.尼克松.库伯一样长寿，她们会看到怎样的改变？ 我们将会取得什么样的进步？这是我们回答这个问题的

机会，这是我们的时刻，这一刻是属于我们的，造更多的就业机会，为我们的子孙后代敞开更多的机遇之门让我们创，重建繁荣之大厦 推进和平之进程，重温“美国之梦” ，确立基本真理。那就是，我们是相亲相爱的一家人，只要我们一息尚存，我们就怀揣梦想，只要有人对我们持有添油加醋的质疑，我们就用我们永恒的信条回击他们。是的，我们可以。感谢你们，上帝保佑你们，上帝保佑美利坚合众国。