第一，从功能上划分，可分为五种。
1、“使人知”演讲。这是一种以传达信息、阐明事理为主要功能的演讲。它的目的在于使人知道、明白。如美学家朱光潜的演讲《谈作文》，讲了作文前的准备、文章体裁、构思、选材等，使听众明白了作文的基本知识。它的特点是知识性强，语言准确。
2、“使人信”演讲。这种演讲的主要目的是使人信赖、相信。它从“使人知”演讲发展而来。如恽代英的演讲《怎样才是好人》，不仅告知人们哪些人不是好人，也提出了三条衡量好人的标准，通过一系列的道理论述，改变了人们以往的旧观念。它的特点是观点独到、正确，论据翔实、确凿，论证合理、严密。
3、“使人激”演讲。这种演讲意在使听众激动起来，在思想感情上与你产生共鸣，从而欢呼、雀跃。如美国黑人运动领袖马丁.路德.金的《在林肯纪念堂前的演说》，用他的几个“梦想”激发广大的黑人听众的自尊感、自强感，激励他们为“生而平等”而奋斗。
4、“使人动”演讲。这比“使人激”演讲进了一步，它可使听众产生一种欲与演讲者一起行动的想法。法国前总统戴高乐在二战期间的英国伦敦作的演讲《告法国人民书》，号召法国人民行动起来，投身反法西斯的行列。它的特点是鼓动性强，多以号召、呼吁式的语言结尾。
5、“使人乐”演讲。这是一种以活跃气氛、调节情绪，使人快乐为主要功能的演讲，多以幽默、笑话或调侃为材料，一般常出现在喜庆的场合。这种演讲的事例很多，人们大都能听到。它的特点是材料幽默，语言诙谐。
第二，从表达形式上划分，可分为三种类型。
1、命题演讲，即由别人拟定题目或演讲范围，并经过准备后所做的演讲。它包含两种形式：全命题演讲和半命题演讲。全命题演讲的题目一般是由演讲组织部门来确定的。某单位搞“让（更多精彩文章来自“秘书不求人”）雷锋精神在岗位上闪光”主题演讲，为了让演讲员各有侧重，分别拟了《把爱送到每个顾客的心坎上》、《练好本领，为民服务》、《从一点一滴做起》三个题目，给了三个演讲者，要求以此组织材料，准备演讲。半命题演讲指演讲者根据演讲活动组织单位限定的范围，自己拟定题目进行的演讲。19xx年，中央电视台和《演讲与口才》杂志社联合举办的“十城市青少年演讲邀请赛”命题演讲即是以“四有教育”为范围，具体题目自拟。命题演讲的特点是：主题鲜明、针对性强、内容稳定、结构完整。
2、即兴演讲，即演讲者在事先无准备的情况下就眼前场面、情境、事物、人物临时起兴发表的演讲。如婚礼祝辞、欢迎致辞、丧事悼念、聚会演讲等。它的特点是：有感而发、时境感强、篇幅短小。它要求演讲者要紧扣主题，抓住由头，迅速组合，言简意赅。
3、论辩演讲，即指由两方或两方以上的人们因对某个问题产生不同意见而展开的面对面的语言交锋。其目的是坚持真理、批驳谬误、明辨是非。比如，我们生活中常见的法庭论辩、外交论辩、赛场论辩，以及每个人都曾经历过的生活论辩等。它的特点是：针锋相对，短兵相接。论辩演讲较之命题演讲、即兴演讲更难些，要求演讲者必须具备：正确的思想、高尚的品质、严密的逻辑性、较强的应变性。
第三，从内容上划分，大致可分为五种类型。
1、政治演讲。凡是为了一定的政治目的，出于某种政治动机，就某个政治问题以及与政治有关的问题而发表的演讲均属此类。它包括外交演讲、军事演讲、政府工作报告、政治宣传等。
2、生活演讲。指演讲者就社会生活中存在的各种问题、风俗、现象而作的演讲，它表达了演讲者对这些问题的看法、见解和观点。这种演讲涵盖的内容更加广泛，如：亲情友谊、吊贺、迎送、答谢等均属此类。
3、学术演讲。指演讲者就某些系统、专门的知识和学问而发表的演讲。一般指学校和
其他场合的专题讲座。一般指学校和其他场合的专题讲座、学术报告、学术发言、学术评论。它必须具有内容的科学性、论证的严密性和语言的准确性三大要素。这是与其他类型演讲的一大区别。
4、法庭演讲。即指公诉人、辩护代理人在法庭上所作的演讲、律师的辩护演讲。法庭演讲有自己的突出特征：公正性和针对性。
5、宗教演讲。指的是一切与宗教仪式、宗教宣传有关的演讲。它主要包括布道演讲和一些宗教会议演讲。这种演讲在我国的影响不大，听演讲和作演讲的人都不多。
由于演讲的内容、形式、功能复杂多样，我们以上对演讲的分类不可能作到绝对的划分和标准。这里介绍的几种基本的类型，旨在为演讲爱好者提供一些参考。
第二篇：演讲分类
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5? deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was
beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful
typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and
personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them
looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000
employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall
away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have
something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop
publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so
adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.