如何做好海南投资项目分析
海大源专家根据大量的资料得出要从以下几方面做出深入的研究：
1投资必要性。
根据市场调查及预测的结果，以及有关的产业政策等因素，论证项目投资建设的必要性。在投资必要性的论证上：要做好投资环境的分析，对构成投资环境的各种要素进行全面的分析论证。要做好市场分析，包括市场供求预测、竞争力分析、价格分析、市场细分、定位及营销策略论证。（海南海大源管理咨询有限公司是一家专业化管理咨询服务公司，主要致力于为企事业单位提供高质量的各类管理咨询、规划与可行性研究。）
(1) 投资环境
区域投资环境内容复杂，构成要素众多，几乎包括一地区的所有情况。区域投资环境评价指标体系应包括以下八大类因素：1自然地理环境、2基础设施环境、3政府服务环境、4政策法律环境、5经济文化环境、6市场经营环境、7产业发展环境8技术创新环境，其中每一类因素根据需要还可继续细分成大量的子因素，这些因素都是对区域投资环境有直接影响的，是投资者最为关心的因素。投资者可以根据在该地区投资的实际有利程度进行评估，以确定投资环境的优劣。从区域投资环境评价系统可以看出，对涉及因素如此多的区域投资环境进行评估，本身就是一项复杂的系统工程。投资的投资环境研究，具体内容为：硬件环境、市场服务环境、政策和政府服务环境、人文环境四个方面的内容。
(2)市场分析
市场分析是指通过市场调查预测。具体包括对产品进行需求分析、供给分析得综合分析等。市场分析是项目可行性研究与项目评估的前提和基础，要守以下原则：1科学性原则、2系统性原则、3及时性原则、4经济性原则、5连续性原则、6保守性原则。
市场分析是对有关产品市场及市场环境状况进行系统的分析和评价，主要包括：市场细分，消费行为研究，竞争力分析，竞争性产品和销售策略研究，以及它们之间相互依存关系的研究，产品寿命周期分析，以及有关的社会因素、生态因素和经济因素的影响分析。
市场分析必须了解项目的产品、副产品的数量和质量，以及在工艺和地区上的制约因素。常用的需求预测方法有：1趋势外推法、2消费水平法、3消费系数法(或最终用途法)、4领先指数法、5回归分析法、6消费者访问法等。
2 技术可行性。
从项目实施的技术角度，合理设计技术方案，并进行比选和评价。各行业不同项目技术可行性的研究内容及深度差别很大。包括建设条件和厂址选择，技术方案。
(1) 建设条件和厂址选择。
建设规模是指项目可行性研究规定的全部设计生产能力、效益或投资总规模，也称为生产规模。生产规模和企业生产关系密切，它在一定程度上对企业生产的产品品种、质量、产量、经济效益有决定作用。它的确定方法有：1经验方法、2盈亏分析法、3最小费用法、4分步法。
厂址选择直接或间接地影响着项目投生产后的经济效益，因此，它便成为项目建设和生产条件分析的核心内容之一。它是一项极为复杂的、综合性的工作，选择的方法主要有如下几种：1方案比较法、2评分优选法、3最小运输费用法。
(2) 技术方案。
可行性研究中，应根据产品的质量、品种要求及原材料等投人物特点，结合“三废”的排放标准等生态和环境要求，根据先进性、可靠性及经济性的要求，对各种工艺技术路线进行设计和选择设计及评价的原则为：1先进性原则。采用的技术在产品水平、工艺水平和装备水平三方面都具有先进性；2适应性原则。采用的技术要考虑符合建厂国家和地区的资源条件，适合当地的人才素质；技术层次要适合当地经济技术发展的实际水平；3安全可靠性原则。采用的技术应是成熟、可靠、安全的，对操作人员和环境没有危害或不利影响；4法规适应性原则。采用的技术应不违反当地政府法律规定和发展规划及有关政策。
技术评价的方法主要有：1对比表格法、2价值工程法、3综合费用效率法、4盈亏平衡点法、5设备寿命周期费用法、6损益法等。生产技术方案的确定是做好项目投资的关键之一，对项目的实施有着不可替代的作用。工艺技术方案的选择一般考虑：工艺技术的可靠性、流程的合理性、与原料的适应性、先进性和适用性、经济的合理性、与环境保护相一致。设备选型也要以经济上合理的最优技术设备，方法有：1年费用法、2费用效率分析法、3投资回收期法。项目工程设计方案的设计和评价也要做好必须的工作。
3 组织可行性。
高效、精简的项目运作组织和合理的人员配备特别是关键岗位人员的素质是保证项目成功实施和运作的重要条件。要根据生产工艺技术特点、设备管理、生产组织和产品市场销售规划，设计出合理的组织机构，并建立相关的管理制度。项目实施计划的制定过程，应按每一阶段所需的资源和活动时间，确定实施的各阶段，确定项目必须执行的现场内外工作的类型，确定工作任务的逻辑顺序，考虑完成每项任务需要的时间，编制分时间阶段的实施进度表。组织要科学性，组织的效率直接可以影响到投资项目可行性分析的质量。
4 经济可行性。
(1)投资资金。投资估算与资金规划是投资项目评价内容的重要组成部分。投资估算是否科学准确，对研究投资方案有直接的影响和制约。项目总投资包括建设投资和流动资金投资。其中建设投资：固定资产投资、固定资产投资方向调节税、无形资产投资、开办费、建设期借款利息。
固定资产投资包括1工程费用：建筑工程费、设备购置费、安装工程费2工程建设其他费用：土地征用费、原有工程拆除和补偿费、勘察设计费、联合试运转费等3预备费用：基本预备费、涨价预备费。
固定资产投资估算的方法有：1扩大指标估算法、2生产规模指数法、3比例估算法、4概算指标估算法等。必要的流动资金是项目投入生产的必备条件。流动资金包括流动资产和流动负债，而流动资产包有应收账款、存货、现金等。对流动资金估算的方法有扩大指标估算法、分项详细估算法。而在扩大指标估算法中有几个公式：流动资金额＝年产值 产值资金率、流动资金额＝年经营成本 经营成本资金率等。
资金的筹措与投资规划的做好不尽有利于降低成在本还有减小筹资的风险，它是项目可行性研究工作的重要组成部分。
(2)投资项目财务评价。项目经济评价是投资项目可行性研究和评估的有机组成部分和重要内容，是项目和方案选择及决策的主要依据。项目经济评价的内容包括：项目财务评价、国民经济评价、不确定性分析、方案比较分析。
(2.1)项目财务评价是项目经济评价的重要环节与归宿，考察项目的获利能力、清偿能力及外汇效果等财务状况，以判断建设项目财务上的可行性。主要内容包括三项：1、是财务盈利性分析 2、是项目清偿能力分析 3、财务外汇效果分析。企业进行项目投资主要目的就是盈利，财务评价中对项目盈利能力的分析，就成为企业投资决策的重要依据。
(2.2)国民经济评价是项目经济评价的另一项重要内容。国民经济评价是对项目进行宏观经济效果的分析和评价，评价的目的是为了更有效地合理分配和利用国家资源，最大限度地促进国民经济增长和人民物质文化生活水平的提高。投资项目的建设与发展对国民经济具有重要的影响和作用，因此进一步对投资项目做好国民经济评价极具必要性。要关注项目国民经济收益和费用的调整，还有就是投资项目国民经济效果评价。
效果评价：国民经济效果评价的基本报表、国民经济效果评价。1国民经济盈利能力分析（EIRR）：a经济内部收益率（ENPV）、b经济净现值、c经济净现值率（ENPVR）d投资净现收益率2国民经济外汇效果分析： a经济外汇净现值（ENPVF）、b经济换汇成本与经济节汇成本。
（3）不确定性分析。为了分析不确定性因素对经济评价指标的影响，我们有必要在财务评价和国民经济评价的基础上进行不确定性分析，以估算项目可能承担的风险，确定项目财务、经济上的可靠性。产生不确定性的原因是由市场和社会、经济的因素而变动。基本方法：盈亏平衡分析、敏感性分析、概率分析。要根据建设项目的类型、特点及其对国民经济提影响程度来选择分析方法进行不确定性分析。对风险因素应按照一定的方法进行识别，分析风险因素对项目目标的影响，进行风险等级分类，评估风险的影响结果，并根据不同类型风险的具体特点，提出具有针对性的风险规避对策。
（4）方案比较分析。方案比较选择是寻求合理的经济和技术决策的前提条件，也是投资项目评价工作的重要组成部分。包括的内容十分广泛，方案的比选是十分重要的，是实现资源合理配置的有效方法、决策科学性和民主性的重要手段、是寻求合理的经济和技术决策提必然选择。一般方法有动态和静态比较分析法。它们人不同的角度分析方案，选出成本最低、效益最高的最佳方案。比选出的方案要符合现实的情况，要跟经济、社会等相一致。只有这样才能达到投资的目的。
5 社会可行性。投资项目的建设对社会有一定的影响还有些决定着社会经济的发展和状况。主要内容涉及人口、就业、移民安置、公平分配、文化历史、妇女、民族宗教、居民生活水平和质量、社会基础设施等，评价的重点是项目周围社区，同时还应考虑项目对技术进步、节约时间、促进地区和部门发展、改善经济布局和产业结构等的影响。评价指标包括就业效果、收入分配效益、资源节约指标、公平分配、扶贫效果、妇女参与、机构发展和持续性等。项目的投资建设要从整个社会的角度出发，满足投资的目的的同时也要符合社会的利益。如果不符合社会的根本的利益，那这个项目也将不受社会批准的。投资的决策者要牢记这一点。
在目前这的社会里，对环境的要求也不断的提高，项目的投资必不可少的。项目对环境的影响必须遵守本国本地区的有关这方面的规定，还要对项目的环境影响作一个比较全面的分析调查。
第二篇：如何做好政府投资项目概算审查工作探讨分析
如何做好政府投资项目概算审查工作探讨
分析
Discussed how to do a good job of the government investment project budget
audit
摘 要： 工程设计阶段的概算作为政府投资项目造价管理中的重中之重,本文以某道路工程项目概算审查为例，详细阐述了当前设计概算编制存在的问题及如何审查概算的具体措施，实践证明该措施具有针对性，是有效的。
Pick to: engineering design phase of the budget as the top priority in the government investment project cost management, in this paper, a budget review road project as an example, expounds the problems existing in the current design for tendering and review how to estimate the specific measures, practice proves that the measures with pertinence, and is effective.
关键词：概算编制，概算审查，造价控制
Estimates of keywords: prepare, review, cost control
建设工程造价控制是一个全过程的控制, 同时又是一个动态的控制。从工程造价各阶段的作用和特点可以看出, 只有设计阶段的概算比较全面.具体地反映了整个工程建设费用, 才能使投资者真正做到心
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中有数 。所以实际工作中, 应该按规定对设计院编制的概算进行审核, 并通过审核对原概算进行补充.调整和完善, 使批准后的概算真正符合工程建设实际情况, 从而避免高估冒算或漏项少算的现象发生, 使整个工程建设按照规定的造价进行控制, 使建设项目达到预期的目标。
Construction project cost control is a whole process control, but it is also a dynamic control. From the function and characteristics of each stage of the project cost as you can see, only the design phase estimate is more comprehensive. Specifically reflects the whole project construction costs, investors can achieve accomplish know fairly well. So in practical work, should be in accordance with the provisions of design institute estimates for review, and through the review to supplement the original budget estimates. Adjust and perfect, make approved budget really conform to engineering construction actual situation, thus avoid overvalued take or item is less leakage happen, make the whole project construction cost control according to the regulation, make the construction project achieve the desired objectives.
1.目前设计概算编制中存在的问题
1. The problems existing in the current design for tendering
1.1设计概算形同虚设
1.1 design budget estimate
设计单位编制概算时习惯按建设单位提供的立项投资额为依据。由于
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不少建设单位为了争项目,故意少报投资,预留缺口,设计单位在编制概算时也没有按照初步设计文件进行认真的编制,而是为了迎合建设单位草草地凑数了事。但在实际施工中,建设单位作为项目建成后的收益人,又缺乏控制投资的内在动力机制,往往从满足自身需要出发,擅自变更合同内容,随意提高标准档次,致使政府投资项目的实际造价大大超出概算投资总额。
When preparing estimates used by construction units to provide design unit on the basis of the project investment. Due to many construction units in order to contend for project, intentionally underreported investment, reserve a gap, design units in the formulation of budgetary estimate of when no serious according to the preliminary design documents prepared, but in order to cater to the construction unit to jot of quantity. But in actual construction, the construction unit as the beneficiary, after the completion of the project's internal driving mechanisms for investment and a lack of control, often from meet our needs, do STH without authorization changes to the contract content, optional standard level, the actual cost of the government investment projects well beyond budgetary estimate of total investment.
1.2概算编制力量缺乏
1.2 lack of power for tendering
设计概算是设计文件的重要组成部分,但设计单位普遍存在重设计轻概算的现象,有些设计院没有专门的造价编制人员,而是由一些设计人
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员附带完成,编制时责任心不强,造成编制出来的设计概算质量不高,缺漏项或高估冒算的现象较多。编制人员对定额的理解模糊,工程量计算不准.定额错套.费率计取错误等问题时有发生。设计单位在编制概算时往往没有注意到这一点,对已计价主材不进行调差,导致了概算造价的偏低。
Budget is an important part of the design documents, but the design units generally exist the phenomenon of light weight design budgetary estimate, some design institute staff there is no specific cost, but by some designers with complete, when compiling the sense of responsibility is not strong, the cause of establishment of design quality, omissions or overestimate the phenomenon of risk is more. Staff's understanding of quota, calculation of quantities is not allowed. Quota set wrong. Take error rate meter, etc. Design units in the formulation of approximate tend not to be noticed that, for the valuation isn't to bad material, led to the budgetary estimate of the cost is low.
1.3设计深度不够
1.3 design depth is not enough
由于设计深度不够,使概算编制人员无法详细.准确地编制设计概算。很多工程项目因为时间紧,做的初步设计就十分粗糙,设计深度远远没有达到要求,从而影响到概算的编制。有些市政项目初步设计时，与之配套的综合管线工程.绿化工程等未予同步考虑或者就一句话带过。这部分工程造价在概算中只能估算，导致概算准确度不够，从而
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造成与实际造价的不符。有些项目用投资估算数代替项目概算，人为计算差错也时有发生，存在较多漏项及多列。
Due to the design depth is not enough, make the budgetary estimate of staff in detail. Accurately prepare the design budget estimate. Many project, because you are pressed for time to do the preliminary design is very rough, design depth is not up to par, thereby affect the budget preparation. When some municipal project preliminary design, and form a complete set of comprehensive pipeline engineering. Greening projects did not sync account, or just a word. In this part of the project cost in the budget can only estimate, lead to estimate accuracy is not enough, resulting in inconsistent with the actual cost. Some project investment estimation number instead of project budget, artificial calculation errors also occur, there are more items and more columns.
1.4奖惩机制欠缺
1.4 lack of rewards and punishment mechanism
没有建立相应的奖惩机制，优化设计意识不强。由于在设计中大多数工程尚未引入竞争机制，且缺乏一套完整的投资控制指标和奖惩制度加以规范，造成设计人员投资控制意识薄弱，在设计时缺乏主动进行多方案比选.优化设计的动力。
Did not establish corresponding rewards and punishment mechanism, optimize the design consciousness is not strong. Because in most of the
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project is still in the design of introducing competition mechanism, and the lack of a complete set of investment control index and rewards and punishment system to regulate, caused the designer investment control consciousness weak, the lack of initiative when the design for scheme comparison. The optimization design of power.
2.设计概算审查的对策分析
2. The design budgetary estimate of review analysis of the countermeasures
2.1设计概算审核程序
2.1 design budgetary estimate of audit program
针对政府投资项目概算审核工作中存在的诸多问题，根据项目建设“安全.质量.造价.进度.廉政”五位一体的要求，我区政府投资项目评审中心担负着全区政府投资项目全过程的投资评审，包括概算审核，且建立了一套有效的审核程序。
Existed in the work of the government investment project budget audit work of the many problems, according to the project construction of "safety, quality, cost, progress, integrity," five one of the requirements, the district government investment project appraisal center for the government investment projects in the whole process of investment evaluation, including the budget audit, and established an effective audit program.
1）.参加初步设计审查会议。在建设单位报审概算前，由发改部
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门牵头组织各相关单位召开初步设计会审，评审中心根据项目专业派主审人员参加会议，在会上认真听取各相关部门的意见，并掌握与概算审查密切相关的内容，根据具体情况对初步设计的概算文件提相关意见。
1). To participate in the preliminary design review meeting. Before the construction unit BaoShen budgetary estimate, led by hair change department organization all relevant units at the preliminary design came, review center according to the project sent the referee professionals to attend the meeting, seriously listen to the opinions of the various relevant departments at the meeting, and is closely related to the budget review content, according to the specific situation of the preliminary design budgetary estimate of documents relevant advice.
2）.调整初步设计文件。根据发改部门形成的初设会议纪要精神，设计院进一步调整初步设计文件。
2). Adjust the preliminary design documents. According to send to department formed at the beginning of the meeting spirit, design institute to further adjust the preliminary design documents.
3）.评审资料交接。建设单位根据设计院的调整的初步设计文件向评审中心报送评审项目申报表.项目立项文件.初设会议纪要.初步设计文件.计算底稿及依据.电子文本等，并且资料递交及接收双方均在评
审资料交接清单上签字，对资料的完整性及评审的时效性明晰责任。
4）.概算审核，出具意见。审核人员要尽快着手熟悉设计图纸.踏勘现
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场.审核概算文件.发初步核对通知单.与概算编制人员核对概算.调整概算.发初步结论征求意见表.整理审核资料及发文文件.领导审批,在规定工作日内出具概算审查意见。2.2设计概算审查具体方法
3). Review the data transfer. Construction unit to be adjusted according to the design institute of the preliminary design documents to review project return center to submit the review. Project files. At the beginning of a meeting minutes. The preliminary design documents. Papers and calculation. The electronic text, etc., and information submitted and received both sides sign the review data transfer list, for the integrity of the data and review of the timeliness of clear responsibility. 4). The budget audit, issue the opinion. Audit personnel should set out to be familiar with the design drawings as soon as possible. The site visit. Audit budget file. Send a preliminary check notice. Estimates of with the staff to check. Adjust the budget estimates. Preliminary conclusions for sheet. The audit information and post files. Leadership approval, issue estimate review opinions within the prescribed working days. 2.2 design budgetary estimate review specific methods
1）.检查工程项目建设规模.建设标准.内容等是否与原批准的可行性研究报告相一致，设计概算应与投资估算所包括的内容和费用构成是否具有相同的口径，设计概算额是否控制在批准的投资估算额以内。如果审定的设计概算超过批准的投资估算，向建设单位提出修改和优化初步设计建议。
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1). Check the scale engineering construction projects. Construction standards. Content is consistent with the original approved feasibility study report, the budget should be included the contents of the investment estimation and expense form whether have the same caliber, budget amount is controlled within the approved amount of investment estimate. If the authorized budget exceed the approved investment estimation, preliminary design modification and optimization of Suggestions to the construction unit.
2）.加强对工程费用的审查，建筑工程费.设备购置及安装费用是项目总概算的基础，是审查的重点。
2). To strengthen the examination of engineering cost, project construction cost, equipment purchase and installation cost is the basis of the total project budget, is the focus of the review.
①审查工程项目的编制方法.计价依据和程序是否符合现行规定。各种计价依据.指标.价格.取费等，都应根据国家有关部门的现行规定执行，必须符合本地区和专业工程规定的适用范围。
1) review of the project establishment method. Valuation basis and procedure is in line with the current rules. Various valuation basis. Indicators. Price. Pick up fee, etc., should be according to the existing provisions of relevant state departments, must be in conformity with the provisions of this area and professional project scope.
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②审查工程项目的工程量的计算是否正确，是否符合有关工程量计算规则要求，有无多算.重算.漏算等情况，特别是对工程量大.造价高的项目应重点进行审查。
(2) review of the project of quantities calculation is correct, whether to conform to the requirements of the relevant engineering quantity calculation rules, the presence of over-estimating. Recalculation. Calculate leakage, etc., especially in large quantities. High cost of construction project should focus on review.
③审查材料价格是否符合本地区建材市场的价格水平，以使用量大的材料作为审查重点。审查设备的规格.型号.数量是否符合设计要求，是否与图纸中的设备清单相符，防止采购计划外设备。审查设备价格是否真实。安装工程费要与需要安装的设备相符，不能只列设备费.不列安装费，或只列安装费.不列设备费，或不需安装的设备也计取了安装费。审查建安工程的各项费用的计取是否符合国家.地方有关部门的现行规定。
3. Review the material price is in line with the building materials market price level in this region, in order to use the material as a review. Review of the specifications of the equipment. Model. Quantity is in accordance with the design requirements, whether or not consistent with drawings of the equipment list, to prevent unplanned purchasing equipment. Review the equipment prices are true. To project installation cost accords with the need to install the equipment, not only equipment cost. No column
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installation, or column installation only. Don't column equipment fee, or do not need to install the equipment also took the installation. Review sussing out project expenses plan is in line with the country. Local authorities in the existing rules.
3）.审查项目工程建设其他费用中各个组成项目的费率计取和计算标准是否符合本省工程建设初步设计概算的规定及计算方法。对不属于建设范围内的费用不能列入概算，没有具体规定的费用要根据实际情况核实后再列入，切实保证项目投资概算的完整.准确。 4）.审查总概算的组成是否完整，概算包括的工程项目是否按照设计要求确定，设计文件内的项目是否有遗漏，设计文件外的项目是否多列，概算是否包括建设项目从筹建到竣工投产为止的全部费用组成。
3). Review project engineering construction to the rates of other fees of each component project and calculation standards conform to the provisions of the construction project preliminary design budgetary estimate of the province and calculation methods. Does not fall within the scope of construction cost not included in the budget, not the cost of the specific provisions should be verified according to the practical situation and then on to ensure complete project investment estimate. Accurate. 4). Review the general estimate of the form is complete, estimates include whether the project is in accordance with the requirement of design. Design documents within the project, whether there are omissions, whether multi-column design documents outside of the project, budget
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estimate whether including construction project from planning to completion of the full cost of the production so far.
3.概算审查实例概况
3. The budget review profile instance
某道路工程，长约1550米，宽55米，断面初步布置为:（5米人行道+6.5米非机动车道+2米隔离带+12.25米车行道）×2+3.5米中央分隔带。其中，隧道为双向4车道连拱隧道，单室断面为：2.5米人行道+3.75米非机动车道+7米车行道0.5米侧向宽+0.25米余宽，净高5米。项目总投资32560万元，资金由区财政拨款。主要建设内容包括：机动车道及非机动车道.人行道.隧道.桥梁.箱涵.雨污水管.给水管.电力电信管.路灯.绿化.交通信号灯.标志标线等配套措施。
A road project, about 1550 meters long, 55 meters wide, preliminary layout section 6.5 meters (5 meters sidewalk + non-motor vehicle lane roadway isolation belt + 2 m + 12.25 m) * 2 + 3.5 meters of median. Among them, the multi-arch tunnel of bidirectional 4 lanes tunnel, cross section for the single room: 2.5 meters sidewalk non-motor vehicle lane roadway + 7 m + 3.75 m more than lateral width 0.5 m + 0.5 m wide, clear height of 5 meters. The project total investment 325.6 million yuan, capital funding by area. The main construction contents include: motor vehicles and non-motor vehicle lanes. The pavement.. Bridge. Tunnel box culvert. The rain sewage pipe. Feed pipe. The electric power telecommunications tube. The street lamp. Green. Traffic lights. Logo
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marking and other supporting measures.
4.审查效果分析
4. The review result is analyzed
根据上述设计概算审核程序及审查方法，对该项目概算审查调整如下：
Estimated according to the design review process and examination methods, to adjust the project budget audit is as follows:
主要核减内容：隧道临时支护考虑钢材回收.渣土外运扣除平洞开挖定额500米运距；隧道型钢支护.路基土方.桥梁支架.钢板桩.给水水上支架平台.电缆终端头及射流风机等工程量调整；土工格栅.搅拌桩取芯.桥梁涂装及金属波纹管等单价调整；征地费.便道便桥及可行性研究费等工程建设其他费用调整。
Main subtract content: the tunnel temporary support to consider steel recycling. Waste residue outbound deduct flat hole excavation norm distance of 500 meters; Channel steel support. Roadbed earthwork. Bridge bracket. The steel sheet pile. Water supply water scaffold platform. Cable terminal head and jet fan and so on adjustment of quantities; Geogrid. Mixing pile core. The bridge in the coating and metal corrugated pipe unit price adjustment; ZhengDeFei. Service road project other expenses such as auxiliary bridge and feasibility study fee adjustment. 主要核增内容：隧道平洞开挖.支护喷设混凝土.仰拱填充等定额调整；隧道C30抗渗混凝土.道路沥青面层.空心板梁.泥浆外运等单价
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调整；电缆.桥架.灯具.接地母线及无缝钢管等工程量调整；监理费考虑了隧道工程专业及复杂程度调整系数。
Primary nuclear content: flat hole tunnel excavation. The supporting spray concrete. Inverted arch filling rate adjustment; Tunnel C30 concrete permeability. Road asphalt road surface. Slabs. Sinotrans mud such as unit price adjustment; Cable bridge. Lamps and lanterns. Ground strap and the adjustment of quantities such as seamless steel tube; Considering the supervision fee adjustment coefficient of tunnel engineering and complexity.
送审概算投资为31656.15万元，经评审核减2128.71万元,核增575.27万元，审定概算投资为30102.71万元。其中工程费用为19729.00万元，工程建设其他费用为9228.02万元，预备费为1145.69万元。
Budgetary estimate of construction investment is 316.5615 million yuan, after the review subtract 21.2871 million yuan, the nuclear increase
5.7527 million yuan, examination and approval of investment is RMB 301.0271 million. Engineering cost is 197.29 million yuan, construction cost is 92.2802 million yuan, other reserve funds is 11.4569 million yuan.
5.今后设计概算审查展望及建议
5. Review design budgetary estimate of outlook and suggestion in the future
5.1健全设计概算审核程序
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5.1 improve the design budgetary estimate of audit procedures
建设项目设计概算是建设工程项目进行中必然经历的阶段。此时建设项目的内容已经基本确定,对工程进行准确全面的概算审核可以保证建设工程顺利进行。建立健全规范有效的建设工程设计概算的审核程序,完善设计概算审核程序法律法规政策,坚持以经济发展为根本的发展目标,采用规定的程序进行严谨设计审核,对建设工程设计概算中产生的问题采用科学的方法进行解决,完善建设工程设计概算的规章制度,对管理中出现的问题的解决方法进行不断的补充,在问题产生时有法可依,有据可依,完善的制度可以更好的规范建设工程设计的工作态度,提高对工程设计概算的重视,科学的发展建设工程管理工作。 Construction project design budget estimate is the experience of construction engineering projects for the stage. At this time the content of the construction project has largely determine, to accurate comprehensive engineering budgetary estimate of audit can guarantee construction project run smoothly. Establish specification and effective review process of construction engineering design, perfect design budgetary estimate of audit policy laws and regulations, adhere to the development of the economic development as a fundamental goal, with the procedures prescribed by the rigorous design review, design of the construction engineering budget estimates of using the scientific method to solve problem, improve the rules and regulations of the construction project design budget estimate, the solution of the problem in the management of
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complementary, laws when problems, have according to the can depend on, perfect system can better regulate construction design of working attitude, to improve the engineering design budgetary estimate of value, science and the development of the construction project management.
5.2提升审核人员的整体素质
5.2 enhance the overall quality of the audit staff
工程设计概算审核工作人员应参加相应的工作培训,参加概算审查工作的考试,平时要加强对各项工程项目技术指标的了解及积累,及时掌握与概算编制有关的各种政策性法规及指导意见,提高设计概算审查的业务水平,按照相关的法律法规的要求规范自己,严于律己,增加对工程设计概算审查的责任感,加强概算审查工作的道德教育,对建筑工程设计概算工作开展自律.自检.自审.自查,提高建筑工程设计概算审核工作的准确性和规范性,为建筑单位提供全面可靠的工程设计数据信息。
Engineering design work of audit staff should attend the corresponding training, attend the exam of budget review work, at ordinary times must strengthen the understanding of the project technical indexes and accumulation, timely grasp of various policy laws and regulations related to for tendering and guidance, improve the business level of budget review, in accordance with the requirements of the relevant laws and regulations standard, discipline, and increase the sense of responsibility for the review of engineering design, strengthen the moral education
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budget review work, the construction of engineering design work discipline. Self-checking. Self-examination. Inspection, improve the accuracy and fairness of the construction project budget audit work, for the construction units to provide comprehensive and reliable engineering design data information.
5.3提高设计概算审核的准确性
5.3 improve design budgetary estimate of the accuracy of the audit
建议编制概算书时尽可能不要采用定额计价模式，尽量使用清单计价标底模式.以子目单价取费，这样就与招标最高限价的计价方式保持了一致的口经，以便于对比工程量及工程项目的变化情况。在审核时,应依照设计文件.图纸及国家有关工程造价的计算方法.规定定额所包含的项目.计算标准等,分专业分别进行计算.核对。
Recommended when preparing budget book as far as possible do not use quota valuation mode, try to use the pre-tender estimate list valuation mode. With specific item unit price fare, so it is with the highest bidding price valuation way to keep a consistent with, in order to facilitate comparison of quantities and the changes of the project. During audit, shall be in accordance with the design documents. The drawings and the relevant state construction cost calculation method. Regulations that are included in the quota project. Computing standards, etc., professional points respectively to calculate. Check it.
做好现场踏勘,了解建设工程的概况。每个工程的建设,都有其自身的
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特点和要求,在进行设计概算审核前,必须到工程现场实地察看,了解建设工程的概况,进而充分了解建设工程的作用.目的,根据各个工程的要求,初步掌握工程建设的标准,认真阅读设计说明书,充分了解设计意图。
Do site, understand the general situation of construction project. Every project of construction, has its own characteristics and requirements, in the design of audit before, must to the field at construction site, understand the general situation of construction project and fully understand the role of construction project. The purpose, according to the requirements of each project, preliminary to master of engineering construction standards, read design specifications, fully understand the design intent.
有些建设设计没有考虑分项工程的设计,而且没有设计图纸,建设工程设计概算审核人员也容易忽略了这部分,间接的形成了概算漏项。因此,必须提高建设工程设计概算审核的准确性,把忽略的部分补充到总概算中,让审核后的概算能准确反映建设工项目的实际情况。 Some without consideration of subentry engineering design, construction design and there is no design drawings, construction engineering design budgetary estimate of reviewers also easy to overlook the this part, the formation of the indirect the budget items. Must, therefore, improve the accuracy of construction engineering budget audit, to ignore the part added to the total budget estimates, make audit after estimate accurately
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reflect the actual situation of construction engineering project.
6.结束语
6. Conclusion
新时期的建设工程设计阶段概算是的审核工作应本着项目为根本,根据实事求是的原则,按照概算的法律法规进行行之有效的监督审核,以工程项目的真实性和准确性为目的,切实的保证建设工程设计阶段概算采用准确的定额,提供全面的.完整的工程项目依据,加强规范的工程设计概算的审核制度,促进建设工程项目的每个环节的顺利进行。
Design phase in the new period of the construction project budget audit work should be in line with the project as the basis, according to the principle of seeking truth from facts, according to the estimate of effective supervision and audit laws and regulations, for the purpose of authenticity and accuracy of the project, the real guarantee of budgetary estimate of construction engineering design phase using accurate quota, provides overall. The complete project, strengthening of engineering design review system, promote the construction of each link of the project smoothly.
参考文献
references
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[2] Wang Guangyuan. Strengthening of preliminary design phase of the
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audit work [M]. Publishing house of China. 2008.
[1]黄媛.浅谈建筑工程预算的编制[M].发展出版社.2007.
[1] Huang Yuan. Introduction to construction engineering budget preparation [M]. Publishing house. 2007.