中 考 英 语 作 文 讲 座
——刘 景 微
中考英语写作的常见题型有以下四种：
1、是根据所给标题写作，
2、是根据英语情景提示写作，
3、是根据英汉提示写作，
4、是看图写作。两个作文，其中小作文可能是看图作文，。 那么我们怎样才能使自己的作文在众多文章中脱颖而出，获得阅卷老师的青睐呢？
一、善于思考 勤于积累
要想在中考作文中拿到高分，这需要考生在日常生活中善于观察，不能两耳不闻窗外事，而应积极关注当今社会热点，如人口问题、污染问题、世界和平等一系列现象；要善于思考，勤于把自己的思想用英语正确地表达和记录下来，只有通过不断的积累和磨练，才能练就良好的写作基本功。建议大家在考前把今年的相关重点问题，热点问题回顾一下。积累一些相关词汇，有备无患。
20xx年中考英语预测话题：
1.如何看待学生网上交友。
2.节约------从身边做起。
3.体育锻炼的重要性。
4.中学生的学习与生活。
5.中学生最想说的话。
6生活中的小事情与大道理。
7.环境保护。
8.全社会学英语热潮问题。
9．志愿者活动。
10．奥运会。
二、认真审题 写好提纲
考生在拿到试卷之后，当听力题做完，可以先看一看作文的题目与类型，对它有一个大致的印象和准备，在做语法和阅读题时对自己的作文能有一个初步的构思。应尽可能地留出20分钟的时间来写作文。在正式写作文时，可参照以下步骤：
1、认真审题，确定题目中的关键词。
2、展开一次“Brain Storm”即头脑风暴，对该题引申出各种联想和论点。
3、根据自己已有的经验和词汇量选择自己最熟悉、最有把握的方面和论点来写作。
4、确定基本的写作时态，如记叙文通常用一般过去时。（时态运用错误是考生们大量失分的主要原因。）
5、对于有能力的同学，注意不能通篇均用简单句型，可适当引入初中的语法重点如状语从句、宾语从句和被动语态等。这会使考生的作文有质的提高。
6、当整篇作文写完，一定要进行仔细的检查，注意使句子流畅，时态运用准确，单词拼写正确，冠词运用正确，名词的大小写正确。
20xx年中考英语作文评分标准
满分档（15分）：文本长度符合要求（70-120字），书写规范，涵盖所有要点，结构规范，条理清楚，逻辑严密，词汇丰富，没有任何语法错误。
第五档（12-14分）：文本长度符合要求，书写规范，涵盖所有要点，结构规范，条理清楚，逻辑严密，词汇比较丰富有少量语法错误。 第四档（9-11分）：文本长度符合要求，书写规范，基本涵盖要点（有2要点得给9-10分），行文比较连贯，词汇不够丰富，有一些语法错误。
第三档(6-8分)：文本长度与要求有明显距离，书写不规范，要点不完整（只有1个要点），行文不连贯，词汇量不足，错误较多，勉强能看出作文意图。
第二档（3-5分）：能用句子表达，错误百出，只能勉强猜测出作文意图。
第一档（0-2分）：有一些英语单词，但与话题毫不相干。（白卷0分）
下面，我们来针对中考作文题型和例文进行评析。
中考作文题型分析与例文评析
命题作文即给出一个统一的题目，限定考生写作的具体范围，要求考生就同一主题展开叙述或评论。写好命题作文的关键是紧扣主题、立意明确、观点清晰。
一、命题作文
［例1］To be a lovely Shanghainese（上海市英语中考题)
审题：该题的重点在于阐述作为一个可爱的上海人，我们关键应怎样做？在20xx年的考生作文中，有一部分同学发生了严重的偏题，把描述重点放在形容上海是怎样的一个大都市，因此失分很多。由此看来，审题的准确是非常重要的。
学生作文：Shanghai is developing quickly everyday. Quite a few foreigners come to visit Shanghai. As the hosts of Shanghai, we must be lovely Shanghaineses to tell the visitors that Shanghai is an international city. To be a lovely Shanghainese, first, we should do our best to make the city more beautiful to show our enthusiasm. Next, we should be kind and friendly to everyone. We must do so to make our guests fell our zeal. Finally, we should study and work hard to rise our ability. Shanghai is developing and we should make progress to follow the epoch.
教师评析：该篇作文行文流畅，结构清晰，以“first，Next，Finally”的结构描述，层次感很强。不定式的恰当运用体现了考生较好的语法
功底。
教师拟评分：9分
［例2］Four years' school life
审题：该题要求考生对四年的初中生活进行回顾和总结，适合以夹叙夹议的方式来写作。（此外，从情感教育的角度来看，阅卷老师总希望读到考生回忆自己美好、快乐的初中生活，而不是讨厌自己的母校、老师、同学等消极情绪的体现。）
学生作文：I've been in my middle school for four years. Four years' school life plays an important role in my life. I enjoy making friends, getting knowledge and having interesting time in my school. I have also made friendship with lots of classmates, and I have also been taught different lessons by lots of different patient teachers. I have grown up a lot in the past four years. I will never forget my four years' school life. 教师评析：整篇作文非常明快、流畅，体现了考生对母校依依不舍的情怀。由于是对初中生活的回顾和总结，考生恰当地选择以现在完成时作为主要的时态来强调影响和结果,文中"plays an important role"这一词组和被动语态的正确运用也体现了考生良好的词汇和语法功底。
教师拟评分：10分
二、应用文写作
应用文主要包括信函、电邮、日记、通知、广告、电话等形式，
它要求考生不仅能表达题中的主要内容，还能够正确地运用各种文本
格式进行规范的书写，这也是考生对于英语传统文化了解多少的反
映。因此，考生应在临考前系统地复习各种文本格式以及打电话的规
范用语，以做到处变不惊、百战百胜。
［例3］写一封信给你在云南省西双版纳市的笔友李帆，告诉他
你很愿意与他交朋友，并邀请他到上海来旅行。
审题：该题要求考生以规范的信件格式来书写，并把题中所出现
的信息点都涵概在内。建议考生可把题目中的信息点都一一划出，以
免发生遗漏。
学生作文：
Lifan
Xishuangbanna
Yunnan Province China
May 25th, 2004
Dear Lifan,
Thank you for your letter. I'm glad to be your pen-friend. We are the
same years old, but we were born in different places. In my imagination,
Xishuangbanna is a very beautiful place. There are a lot of plants and
animals. You know I look forward to visiting Xishuangbanna. Would you like to come to Shanghai? I'd like to invite you to Shanghai in summer holiday. Shanghai is also a beautiful place. It is a modern city. There are a lot of interesting places such as the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, the Bund, and Nanjing Road Walkway.
If you come here, I will show you around Shanghai. You can live at my home and my mother will cook you much delicious food. Let's be best friends!
Yours sincerely, Xiaomin
教师拟评分：9分
［例4］写一篇题为“A Visit To_____”的日记。
审题：该题为半命题式作文。考生除了要注意运用正确的日记格式，还可根据自己的经验和熟悉程度来选择、确定文章的主题. 学生作文：
May 25th, 2004 sunny
A Visit To Jinmao Building
Jinmao Building has Chinese traditional styles and it is also modern. It is the signal construction of Shanghai. It is located in the center of Lujiazui Financial Area. Our family visited Jinmao Building today.
The traffic there is very convenient. You can got here by tunnel and
No.2 subway. And if you live near it, you can walk there just like our family. We went to the eighty-eighth floor of Jinmao Building. We saw the whole view of Shanghai there. Please come to Jinmao Building, and you will get some unexpected gains there.
教师评析：整篇作文主题明确，对于金茂大厦的描述也较具体，文中“the signal construction”一词是全文的亮点。但整篇文章的层次不够清晰，句子也以简单句为主，对于参观这一动词的阐述还不够充分。
教师拟评分：8分
三、看图写话
看图写话是初中英语作文常考的一种形式，但随着牛津版教材的大量应用，学生的写作能力有了较大的提高，因此中考作文的要求和难度也相应提高。所以，在中考作文中继续出现简单的叙事型看图写话的可能性很小，但有可能会提供给考生一些具有寓意的漫画或图片，要求考生从中发现问题、提出自己的观点，这对考生的逻辑思维能力和英语语言的娴熟运用都提出了更高的要求。
审题：这幅漫画蕴涵了一个深刻的主题即战争与和平，这与当今世界的热点问题密切相关，它不仅考核考生是否能流畅地表达自己的观点，更需要考生站在人文关怀的高度来观察整个世界。
学生作文：
A
Freedom and Peace
Almost everyday we can see there are always a huge number of pigeons enjoying the sunbath in some large squares, but do you often care what a white pigeon stands for? That is peace. For hundreds of years, people always regard pigeons as a represent of freedom and peace. That is because of not only its lovely pure figure, but also its great passion to the outside world. Till now, I still can't help thinking of such a picture: In Iraq, a boy was watching a white pigeon over his head. The background was full of wounded solders and guns. Thus, this lovely white pigeon was contrastive to this iced background and gave people a deep consideration. Suddenly, athought comes into my mind: Why there have been so many wars in the world just for someone's own interest? Why can't people live like as mall pigeon with freedom? I hope there will not be wars, FOREVER!
教师评析：应该说，要把这篇看图作文写好是有相当难度的，但考生以非常流畅的笔调从鸽子联想到自由与和平，再联想到发生在伊拉克的战争。文风成熟老练，这在初中生的作文中是难能可贵的。 教师拟评分：10分
［例6］审题：该图要求考生先看懂漫画，对它进行清晰的描述，同时根据其隐藏的寓意提出自己的观点，如在此图中应关注树木被砍Represent of
伐而提出环保的重要性。
学生作文：
Seeing this picture, we know that these trees have been cut down. But as a very little baby in the picture, he must be puzzled. He will ask: What are these? Are these trees? Of course, in our imagination, trees must be tall, strong and green enough. Actually, his question shows humans a problem that is worth thinking about. The covering rate of the forest in the world has kept decreasing these years and it caused a lot of problems on environment. As we all know, trees are very important in our life. They can make the air fresher, reduce natural disasters and soon. So I appeal: Don't cut down trees. Let' s make our earth greener for our later generation. Don't let the children think trees are only roots!
教师评析：整篇作文结构清晰，全文分三段，第一段详细地描述漫画的内容；第二段阐述其蕴涵的寓意即环保对于世界和后代们的重要性；第三段提出作者的号召，使文章的结尾明快、有力！ 教师拟评分：10分
祝大家在今年的中考中取得好成绩。