打算 1`九年级英语（仁爱版）语言点归纳
Unit 1 The Changing World
Topic 1 China has developed rapidly in recent years.
1. take place 发生
eg: Great changes have tanken place in my hometown.
2.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy this holiday! 尽管我没时间去旅游，但这个假期我仍然感到很愉快。
though 从属连词，用来引导让步状语从句，表“虽然；尽管”，不能与but连用。如： Though he is poor, he is happy. = He is poor, but he is happy. 尽管他很贫穷，但是他很快乐。
3.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers? 请告诉我一些有关中国青少年的一些事情好吗？
Could /Would you please (not) do sth？请（不）做某事好吗？
eg: Could you please turn down your radio? 请把收音机声音调低好吗？
Would you please not play football here? 请不要在这儿踢球好吗？
4.Parents couldn’t afford education for their children. 父母供不起孩子上学。
afford 常与can, could 或 be able to 连用，尤其用于否定句或疑问句，表“负担得起（做）某事；抽得出（时间）” “(can’t/ couldn’t) afford (to do) sth.”
eg: We can’t afford (to buy ) this house because we don’t have enough money. 我们买不这房了，因为我们没有足够的钱。
eg: He felt he couldn’t afford any time to play football. 他觉得自己没有时间踢球了。
5.Our government gives support to poor families. 我们的政府能为贫困家庭提供帮助。 give support to sb.= give sb. support 为某人提供帮助/ 支持
support作动词时表“供养；支持；支撑”，
eg: She had to support her family at the age of ten. 她十岁时就得养家。
His parents supported him in his decision.他的父母支持他的决定。
The two sticks support the tree. 两根木棍支撑着这棵树。
6.Why not go and search the Internet for some information?
为什么不上网查找相关信息呢？
search sp. for sth. 搜查某地寻找某物 search sb. for sth. 搜身查找某物
search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb. 搜寻某物/ 某人；
eg: The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民们在树林里寻找失踪的孩子们。 The police searched the man for the stolen money. 警察搜那个男人的身，查找被偷的钱。 He is searching/ looking for his missing keys. 他在寻找他丢的钥匙。
7.We often went hungry because the boss didn’t give us enough food to eat. 我们经常挨饿，因为老板不给我们足够的食物。
在这里是系动词，表“变得?”,后跟形容词,构成系表结构.
eg: The food on the table went bad. 桌面上的食物变坏了.
8. One part was used to help support my family, to help send my elder brother to school. a)one part?the other (part) ?一部分??另一部分??
b)elder brother 哥哥
elder 作形容词时, 是old的比较级, 一般表示家庭成员出生的顺序,在句中只能作定语,可与than连用; 而older表年龄的比较,可与 than连用. 如:
His elder sister is two older than he. 他的姐姐比他大两岁.
作名词时, 表 “ 长者; 前辈; 祖先”, 如:
Their customs were handed down by the elders. 他们的风俗习惯是由他们的祖先传下来的.
9. But China has developed rapidly in recent years. 但是近年来,中国发展迅速.
in recent years 表 “近年来”,常与完成时连用. 如:
She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years. 近年来,她学到了许多知识.
10. China has made such rapid progress. 中国已经取得如此迅速的进步。
progress 为不可数名词make progress 取得进步
make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些/ 许多/ 巨大的进步
11. What has happened to Beijing’s roads now? 现在北京的公路发生了什么变化？ sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事，如：
eg: If anything happens to him, let me know. 万一他有什么不测，就请通知我。
A little accident happened to her yesterday. 昨天她发生了点小意外。
12. They express the rich culture of China as well. 他们也表达了丰富的中国文化。
as well, too, also均表“也；又”； as well 多用于口语，只用于句末，不用逗号隔开； too 多用于口语，用于句末，要用逗号隔开； also 较正式，不用于句末；
either 用于否定句，表“也不”，与too 对应。
eg: He likes sports as well. = He likes sports, too. = He also likes sports. 他也喜欢运动。 He didn’t come, either. 他也没来。
13.keep in touch with 和?保持联系
eg: Nowadays，we keep in touch with each other by sending e-mails.
14.复习现在完成时
Topic 2 What has happened to the population?
1. I really hate to go such a place . 我真讨厌去购物。 -- So do I . 我也是。
So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“so + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。
eg: Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。
Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。
Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。
如表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“ neither/ nor + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。
eg: Jim wasn’t Chinese, neither/ nor were they. 吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。
Jim can’t speak Japanese, neither can I . 吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。
Jim didn’t go there, neither did I . 吉姆没去那儿，我也没去。
如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。如：
eg: Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。
Jim swims well. So he does. 吉姆游泳很好，的确如此。
2．At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world. 那时，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
population为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用 “large”或 “small”修饰，提问人口用“what”, 如：
eg: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。 What’s the population of China?= How many people are there in China?
中国的人口有多少？
3. Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大变化。
take place 指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”。如：
eg: The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。
happen 指偶然的、没有预料的“发生“，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦。如： eg: The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。
※两者都不用于被动语态。
4. The population has increased a lot. 人口增长发很多。
increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。 increase by? 指“增加了??”; increase to?指 “增加到??”
5. ?and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. 而且世界上大约五分之一的人口生活在中国。
one fifth 是分数表达法。英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词则变为复数，直接在词尾加“s”。
eg: one fourth 四分之一； three fourths 四分之三；
one second 二分之一； two thirds 三分之二
注：分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词要和所修饰的名词保持一致。
6．It has worked well in controlling China’s population.
它在控制人口数量方面取得了显著的功效。
work well in doing sth. 表“在??方面很有功效”,
eg: Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.（视力） 做眼保健操在保护视力方面很有功效。
7. Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.
be short of? 表 “缺乏??”
eg: She is always short of money at the end of every month. 每个月底她总是缺钱。 be short for? 表“是??的缩写”,
eg: TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写形式.
8. Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education? 所有的中国家庭都能给他们的的孩子提供良好的教育吗？
offer 表“（主动）给予，提供”
offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”如：
I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。
offer to do sth. “（主动）提出做某事”如：
She offered to cook for her mother. 她提出帮她妈妈煮饭。
8.be strict with 对?要求严格
eg：Our teachers are strict with us.
9.I can’t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.我得花几个小时，才能到大的商场购物。
a) unless = if not 表“除非?; 如果不”，引导条件状语从句。
eg: I won’t go unless I hear from you. = I won’t go if I don’t hear from you.如果你不通知我，我就不去。
Unless Bill studies hard, he’ll fail in the exam. 如果比尔不努力, 他不会通过考试的. b) a couple of? 表 “几个人或几件事”,
eg: a couple of years ago 几年前; a couple of students 几个学生
couple 指任何两件同类的东西;如:
a couple of watches 两只手表； five couples of cats 五对猫
pair 指两件不可分开使用的东西,它们可指两件互不相连的东西(鞋子、袜子等)，也可指两部分构成的一件东西（裤子、剪刀等）。如：
a pair of shoes 一双鞋子 a pair of pants 一条裤子
10.on / about 关于
on：关于（学术性较强）eg：He is writing a book on medicine.
about：He is telling us a story about heroes.
11.take measures 采取措施
Eg: China has take measures to reduce the pollution.
四、重点语法
现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：
1．already 和 yet
already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如： He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。 yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？ I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。
※ already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇” Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？
2．ever 和 never
ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。 never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：
I have never seen him before.
--Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？--No, never. 不，从来不。
3．just
just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。
4．before
before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。
Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.
1. Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them.他们一旦发现有人需要帮助，就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。
a) once 是从属连词，表“一旦??就??”,它的从句为现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，主句则为一般将来时。或者主从句均为过去的某种时态。
eg: Once you become interested in playing computer games, you’ll have trouble giving them up. 一旦你迷上了电脑游戏，你就很难放弃它。
b) decide on (doing ) sth. 决定（做）某事，相当于 decide to do sth.
eg: They decided on spending the holiday in Hainan. 他们决定在海南度假。
= They decided to spend the holiday in Hainan.
2. The government provides homeless people with nice homes. 政府向无家可归的人们提供舒适的住处。
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物
eg: The school provided the students with food. 这所学校为学生们提供食物。
= The school provided food for the students.
3. I think it’s a wonderful place to live in. 我认为那是一个居住的好地方。
to live in 是动词不定式，用来修饰前面的名词place. 在不定式中，如动词为不及物动词，
或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后必须跟上相应的介词。
eg: There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的事。
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一只笔写字。
4. It is famous because it has been so successful in helping homeless people return to normal lives. 它很出名是因为它已经成功地帮助无家可归的人重新过上正常的生活。
be successful in doing sth. 成功地做成某事，相当于 succeed in doing sth. 如： eg: He was successful in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。
They were successful in climbing Mount Huang. 他们成功地登上了黄山。
5．In the past sixteen years, Project Hope has raised about 3 billion yuan.在近十六年来，希望工程已筹集了大约30亿元。
in the past + 若干时间，表“近若干时间来”，用于现在完成时。
eg: They have learnt about 500 English words in the past two months.
近两个月来，他们已经学习了大约500个英语单词。
6.复习直接引语和间接引语和构词法
Unit 2 Saving the earth
Topic 1 I can’t stand the environment here.
1.I can’t stand the environment here. 我无法容忍这儿的环境。
stand 表“容忍；忍受”，后接名词、代词及动名词做宾语。
eg: I can’t stand that man, he talks too much. 我忍受不了那个人了，他话太多了。 I can’t stand waiting any longer. 我再也等不了了。
2.What do you mean by sth. ? 某物是什么意思呢?
= What’s the meaning of sth ? = What does sth. mean?
3.I hope I can move from here soon. 我希望我能早点从这儿搬走。
当主从句主语一致时，常可转换成不定式短语
= I hope to move from here soon. 我希望早点从这儿搬走。
4．There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.
有几座工厂正往河里排放污水。
There be + sb. / sth. + doing sth. 表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。
eg: There are some birds singing in the tree. 树上有些鸟儿在歌唱。
There is a little girl crying in the street. 街上有个小女孩在哭。
5．stop doing sth. 停止做（正在进行的）事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做（另一件）事
eg: It’s late. They will stop working and (stop) to have supper. 很迟了。他们将停下来吃晚饭。 The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher. 学生们停止说话去听课。
6．I’m sorry for making so much noise. 很抱歉我弄出这么大的噪音。
be sorry for doing sth. 表对做过的事感到抱歉 be sorry to do sth. 表对当前的事感到抱歉
eg: I’m sorry for waking you up yesterday. 很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。
I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那个（消息）感到很遗憾。
7． Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,?近来据报道，美国许多青少年的听力和65岁的老人一样差。
no better than? 表“同??(几乎)一样差; 不比??做得好”
eg: Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟.
= Lucy almost did as badly as Lily in the exam.
8.复习现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。 a)“for + 时间段” 与 “since + 时间点” 都表“一段时间”，常用How long 提问。 b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。
Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth?
1. It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal. 它（文章）写到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。
sth. + says that? 此句型中主语是事或物，say表用“文字、数字”说明信息。 eg: It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card. 卡片上写着“新年快乐！”。
The clock says that it is 20:00 now. 这面钟显示现在是20：00。
2. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。
none与no one 的区别：
none “全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。 eg: He has read none of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。
None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。 No one is here. 没有一个在这儿。
none回答how many/ much的问题；no one回答who的问题。 如：
A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None.
有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？ 没有人。
A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None.瓶子里有多少水？ 一点儿也没有。 A: Who is in the room? B: No one.谁在房中？没有人。
3.When it rains, the soil will be washed away.下雨时，土壤就会被冲走。
will be +过去分词为一般将来时的被动语形式。
eg: The earth will be blown away by the wind. 泥土将会被风刮走。（被动语态）
= The wind will blow away the earth. 风将会把泥土刮走。（主动语态）
5．A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only sand. 许多肥沃的土地已经变成了沙漠，留下的是遍地黄沙。
a) change? into? = turn? into? 把?..(转)变成?
eg: Please change/ turn English into Chinese. 请把英语变成汉语。
When the traffic lights change/ turn into green, we can go.
当交通灯变成绿色时,我们就可以通行。
b) leaving only stand现在分词短语作状语, 表伴随主动。
eg: The children went away, talking and laughing. 孩子们说着、笑着离开了。
The girl is looking for her mother, crying loudly. 这个女孩大声地哭着在寻找她的母亲。
6．Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. They can also prevent the sand from moving toward the rich land. 树可以防风固土，也可阻止风沙吹进良田。
stop / prevent sb. /sth. (from ) doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事
keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事
eg: Trees can keep water from running away. 树可以防止水土流失。
7.in danger of ( doing ) sth. 处于做某事的危险中
eg: They are in danger of losing their lives. 他们正处于失去生命的危险中。
8.cut down 砍到
Eg：Many trees are cut down every years
9. You may either take a bus or a taxi. 你们可能搭公车去或者是搭出租车去。
a) either?or? “要么?要么?并列连词,连接主语时,根据就近原则选取谓语动词。 eg: You may come either today or tomorrow. 你要么今天来，要么明天来。
Either you or he is right. 要么你对，要么他对。
b) either 单独使用时，是代词，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用作单数。如：
A：Ｗould you like coffee or tea? B: Either is OK
你想要咖啡还是茶？随便都可以。
Either of us is right. 我们俩中有一人是对的。
Topic 3 Let’s be greener people.
1.We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags rather than throw them away. 我们应该把纸的两面都使用，将塑料袋再次使用而不是轻易扔掉。
both 修饰复数名词；而 either 修饰单数名词；
eg: There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.
= There are a lot of trees on either side of the road. 在路的两边有许多树。
2.Everyone is supposed to do it. 每个人都应该那样做。
be supposed to do sth.指（按规定、习惯、安排等）应当做某事；相当于should; 用于否定句时，表“允许”；
eg: Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot. 老师应该知道很多。
You are not supposed to smoke here. 这里不允许抽烟。
4. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room. 首先，当你离开房间的时候，应该关灯。
ought to 情态动词, 表 “应该; 应当”; 语气比 should 强;指道义上应该做的事,有时含有责备或督促的语气。should 指主观上感到有责任或义务去做。如：
You ought to help your mother do some housework.你应该帮你妈妈做些家务。
We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。
其否定式和疑问式：
You oughtn’t to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不应该起这么晚。
Ought I to tell her the bad news? 我该告诉她坏消息吗？
Yes, you ought. No, you oughtn’t.
Unit 3 English around the world
Topic1 English is widely spoken around the world.
1.stick v. 粘贴，=put up
eg: You can stick it on the wall in your room.你可以把它贴在你房间的墙上。
2.can't wait to do sth. 迫不急待地想要做某事
eg: I can't wait to fly there! 我迫不急待地想要飞往哪里。
又：can't help doing sth.忍不住要做某事，如：I can't help laughing.我忍不住笑了。
3.have a good chance to do sth. 有个做某事的好机会
eg: You'll have a good chance to practicing speaking English .你将有一个练习说英语的好机会。
4.practice speaking English 练习说英语。有的动词后再跟动词时，后面的动词要用--ing形式， 如：practice, finish, enjoy, meind等等。
5.from now on 从现在起，意思相当于later on 后来，过后，将来。
eg: Try your best and work much harder (at English) from now on. 从现在起，尽你最大的努力更努力(得多)地学习(英语)。
6.on business 出差
?eg：Mr.Lee is on business in the U.S.A..
7.be similar to... 与...相似
eg: Is Spanish similar to English? 西班牙语和英语会相似吗？
8.It's possible that... 有可能...
eg: It's possible that you will have some trouble.你有可能会遇到一些困难。
9.ask sb. for help 向某人求助，求助于某人。
eg: I'll ask an interpreter for help.我将向翻译求助。
10.translate A into B 把A翻译成B，
eg: The interpreter translates English into Chinese. 这位翻译把英语翻译成中国语。
11.in general 一般来说
12.have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难。
eg: In general, he has no trouble understanding people.一般说来，他听懂别人的说话是没有困难的。
13.What's more 还有 once in a while 有时，偶尔，相当于at times或sometimes
14.whenever = no matter when
topic 2 English is spoken differently indifferent countries。
1.follow = understand 听懂,理解, 明白,
eg: I can't follow you.? Can you speak more slowly, please?
2. be the same as?? 与...相同,
eg: Is Australian English the same sa British English? 澳大利亚英语和英国英语是相同的吗?
3. I'm flying to Disneyland tomorrow.? 明天我要飞往迪斯尼乐园.
?????注: 此句中 am flying是表示一般将来时.???英语中,??"位移动词"或称"趋向动词"?可以用现在进行时的结构表示将来发生的动作, 这类动词有"leave", "leave for", "leave ? for?", "come," "fly?", "return", "arrive", "go",? "start"(出发), 等等, 如:? I'm going.我要走了.?? I'm coming! 我就来!? My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.
4. depend on? 依靠；取决于；依?而定, 如: Sometimes the meaning can change, depending on the country where it is spoken.
5.succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事,
eg: f you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences. 如果你想成功地表达自己的意思, 你就需要了解一些这种不同点.
6. on one's way to +地名, 在去某地的路上(后接副词时不用to)?.?
eg: Lucy is on her way to school. 露西在回家的路上.??
Tom is on his way home. 汤姆在回家路上.????
[要区别于By the way顺便问/说一下;? in this way用这种方法]
7. see sb. off 为某人送行,
eg: Kangkang and Michael?going to the airport to?see them off.康康和迈克尔要去机场为他们送行.
put out 伸出
eg: Michael sees a foreigner putting out his hand with his thumb raised. 迈克尔看见一个外国人伸出他的手, 拇指朝上.
??????? [本名还要掌握see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事? see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事,
以及with his thumb raised作伴随状语.]
8. ask for a ride 请求搭车, The foreigner is asking for a ride. 这个外国人在请求搭车.
9.be worried about ... 为...担心
eg: I'm still worried about my English. 我还在为我的英语担心.
10 as for ...? 至于?, 关于某人/某事
eg: As for the spelling differences, you can easily find them when you use a computer.??????
11.have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难
注：difficulty作"困难,艰难,费劲,辛苦,难度"解时为un 作"难题,难事,难处,困境,危难"时,为cn eg: We have difficulties understanding foreigners
12. be closed to ...? 靠近..., The Disneyland is close to Los Angeles.? 迪斯尼乐园离洛杉矶很近。
13.in person 亲自
eg:He helped her with her English in person.
14. be fond of ...? 喜爱...
eg: Children are fond of exciting rides like Pirates of the Caribbean.
15. come about 发生
eg: How did these differences come about? 这些差别是如何发生的?
Can you tell me how the accident came about?
16. be forced to do sth.被迫做某事
eg: I was forced to take a taxi because I couldn't catch the last bus.?因为没有赶上末班车, 只好坐出租车.
17. take in 吸收，如：The English language has taken in many new words from other languages. Topic 3 Could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?
1.make sb understood 使某人被理解
Eg：He say it slowly to make him understood
2. work hard at 努力?
eg:He worked hard at English and at last he passed the final exam.
3. advise 建议（后接to do 或V-ing）
eg：I advises waiting till the proper time.
I advise you to leave now.
4. stick to 坚持 (to 是介词，后接名词或V-ing)
Eg：If you stick to the truth ,you have nothing to fear.
He sticks to having a talk with his teacher.
4. Laugh at 嘲笑
Eg：Don’t laugh at others .
5.come to realize 明白
eg：After talking to his teacher,he have come to realize his teacher is always caring for him。
5. in order to 为了 (后接动词原形)
eg：He gets up early in order to catch the fisrt bus.
6. give up 放弃
eg：I always advise my father to give up smoking.
7. 复习动词不定式的用法。
Unit 4 Amazing Science
Topic 1 Spaceship are mainly controlled by computers.
1.dream of 梦想
Eg：I dream of studying in a university.
2.send 寄，送
Eg：I will send a gift to my mother on her birthday.
=I will send my mother a gift on her birthday.
相关的短语：～ for 派人去请 ～off 送行 ～ out发出（光、热）；长（叶子） ～ up 发射
3.no doubt 毫无疑问
Eg : There is no doubt he is a kind man.
4. thanks to 多亏
eg : Thanks to the bad weather we don’t have to do morning exercise.
5.turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn up 调高 turn down 调低
Topic 2 When was it invented?
1. Because I’m not allowed to play computer games.因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。
allow “允许、准许”的意思。常用于以下几种形式：
(1) allow +n./prep 如：
We can’t allow such a thing.我们不容许这种事情发生。
(2) allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 如：
She allowed me to go fishing.她允许我去钓鱼。
(3) allow +doing sth 允许做某事 如：
We don’t allow smoking in the reading-room.我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。
(4) be allowed to do sth 如：被允许做某事
The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放学后学生们被准许在操场上做游戏。
2.It’s made from wood.它用木材做的。
(1) be made in 在??地方制造，后接表示地点的名词。
(2) be made of 用??制造的，表示原材料未经化学变化，仍可看得出原材料。
(3) be made from 用??制造的，表示原材料经过化学变化，已看不出其原样。
(4) be made by 由（被）??（人）制作，后接表示人的名词或代词。
(5) be made into （某物）被制成??
(6) be made up of 由??组成 如：
The TV set is made in Japan.这台电视机是日本生产的。
These houses are made of stones.这些房子是由石头建造的。
Paper is made from wood.纸是木头造的。
Was this cake made by your mother?这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗？
Metal can be made into all kinds of things.金属可以制成各种各样的物品。
The medical team is made up of ten doctors.这支医疗队由10位大夫组成。
4. It’s used for helping us to improve our English.它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。
(1) be used for+ving be used to do （被）用来做? 强调用途或作用
(2)be used as （被）作为??而用，强调被当作工具或手段来用。
(3)be used by 被??使用，by后跟人/物，强调使用者。
Eg：Pens are used for writing.钢笔被用来写字。
Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。
English is used as a foreign language in China.英语在中国被当作外语使用。
Recorders are often used by English teachers.英语老师经常使用录音机。
5. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.
它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。
no longer（通常在动词前），not?any longer; not?any more（用于非正式文体中）都可表示“（过去曾?）现在不再?”
eg: She no longer lives here.
=She doesn’t live here any longer(或 any more). 她不在这儿住了。（过去她曾住这儿）
7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen. 在夜间只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。
work well 有效 eg：China’s one-child police works well in controlling China’s population. as long as 只要 eg :As long as you work hard ,you must succeed one day.
Topic 3 I don’t think aliens can be found in space.
1.in the future 将来
Eg：I think people will live on Mars in the future.
2.What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大后干什么？
3.at a distance of 以?距离
Eg：The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 38.0000 kilometers .
4. land on 着陆
Eg: People took some measures to make the plane land on safely.
5.be worth doing 值得?
Eg：The book is worth reading
6.I don’t think aliens can be found in space.我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。
(1)当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后的宾语从句含有not的否定词时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。如：
I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.我认为明天不会下雨。
(2)can +be +过去分词，是情态动词构成的被动语态。如：
This can’t be done in a short time.
这不是短期内能完成的。
7. It has been two days since we landed on Mars.自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。 it用作主语谈论时间，常与since连用。
eg：It is(或has been) three years since we left school. 自从我们离开学校以来已经三年了。
8. What’s worse, our water supplies were very low. 更糟糕的是，我们的水供给是非常有限的。 What’s worse 更糟糕的是。类似结构还有：What’s more 更有甚者；更为重要的是。
9. It’s a quarter as big as the earth.它是地球的四分之一大。
倍数表示法：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as
如：This box is three times as heavy as that one.这只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。
Unit5 Knowing about China
Topic 1 How much do you know about China？
1.China is a great country that has about 5000 years of history. 中国是一个拥有五千多年历史的大国。
句中that has about 5000 years of history是定语从句，修饰名词country。country 是先行词，that 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，也可以用which.。
There are many places of interest which attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year.
There are a great number of rivers in China .中国有许多大河。
2.a (great) number of ? 许多/大量 ， 后接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语用复数； the number of ? 。。。的数量，后接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语用单数。
e.g. A number of books are lent out from the library every day. 每天有许多书从图书馆被借走。 The number of the students present is not known yet. 还不知道出席学生的数目。
3.Among them, the Yangtze River is the longest one and the second longest is the Yellow River. 其中长江是中国最长的河流，黄河位居第二。
句中the longest one ，the second longest，“最长”用最高级，“第二长”在最高级前加上序数词second 。
e.g. Shanghai is the biggest city in China and Beijing is the second biggest one.
上海是中国最大的城市，北京位居第二。
4.hear of 听说
Eg：Have you heard of the romantic story
That’s the most fantastic place that I have ever heard of . 那是我听说过的最奇妙的地方。 Hear from 收到?的来信 （已经含有收信的意思，无需用letter）= receive a letter from
5. lose oneself in ? 意为“沉浸于?”
Eg：The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose themselves in it.
如此迷人的景色常常使得游客流连忘返。
6.It severs as a bridge which connects the mainland with the rest of the world .
它（香港）是连接祖国大陆与世界其他地方的桥梁。
7. be considered as = be regarded as “被看作?， 被认为?”，而regard ?as 意为“把?看作，把?认为，as 是介词，后接名词。
Eg：As we know, Taiwan is considered as the Treasure Island of China. 台湾被认为是“中国宝岛”。
8. fetch 去取回来
eg：If you are thirsty ,I can fetch you a bottle of water .
9. introduce 介绍 (～sb to sb )
eg：Boys and girls ,let me introduceTom, your new classmate, to you. 复习定语从句（I） Topic 2 Confucius, a pioneer in the field of education.
1. He was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries.
他也是一位著名的哲学家，他的至理名言影响了不同国家的许多人。
2.When I walk along with two others, I may be able to learn from them.三人行，必有我师。
3. are proud of 人引以为豪的 (take pride in )
Eg：Chinese people are proud of China’s long history. = China takes pride in her long history.
4.Unfortunately, he died of illness on his way home from Africa in 1433.
不幸的是，他于1433年在从非洲返回的路途中病故。
die of 多指因内因而引起， die from 多指因外因而引起。
Eg:The old man died of heart disease .
He died from a serious traffic accident.
5.bring down 推翻
Eg： After a revolutionary，the emperor was brought down.
break down 摧毁，垮下
Topic 3 The dragon has become a symbol of the Chinese nation.
1.play a part in 在?方面起作用
Eg：Robots plays an important part in morden industry
2.promise sb. sth. 许诺某人某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 promise sb.to do sth.答应某人做某事
eg: I promised him a present for his birthday. 我答应送他一件生日礼物。
She promised to write to him. 她答应给他写信。
Father promised me to buy a new pair of shoes for me .爸爸许诺给我买一双新鞋。
2.We can go to either Beihai Park or Shichahai Park .
either ?or 或?或? ,连接并列主语时，谓语和最近的主语一致，即遵从就近原则。 e.g. Either you or he has to go there. 或者是你或者是他得去那儿。
3．Both my father and I like it a lot. 我和我父亲都非常喜欢。
both ?and? 意为“既?又?，两者都?”。连接并列主语时，谓语用复数形式。 e.g. Both Tom and I have been to the Great Wall. 汤姆和我曾经去过长城。
4．Neither my mother nor my father likes it. 我的父母都不喜欢。
neither ?nor ? 既不?也不?，连接两个并列成分，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致，即遵从就近原则。
Eg:Neither she nor I am right. 她和我都不对。
He is neither a doctor nor a teacher. 他既不是医生也不是老师。
5．found v. 成立，建立；创建，创办
Eg:A new country was founded on October 1st ,1949.
found的过去式与过去分词都是founded
e.g. His elder brother founded a company in 2001. 他的哥哥20xx年创办了一个公司。 注意区分：find v. “找到 ，发现”， 它的过去式与过去分词是found
e.g. He found a purse lying on the ground. 他发现地上有一个钱包。
6.At the end of 在?末端
Eg：At the end of the year，he passed away.
7.复习并列连词both ?and ?, either?or ?, neither?nor?.和not only?but also?的用法： Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship
Topic 1 I would rather watch sports shows than those ones .
1.In my spare time , I enjoy watching TV, especially quiz shows from which I can learn a lot . 在空闲时间，我喜欢看电视，特别是能从中学到许多东西的智力节目。
在定语从句中，当关系代词which作介词的宾语时，即“介词+which”结构，介词可放在which之前，也可放在定语从句中的动词之后。
Eg: This is the house in which Bing Xin was born. 冰心是在这所房子里出生的。 = This is the house which Bing Xin was born in.
2.would rather do sth. than do sth. 比起做?更愿意做?
Eg:I would rather stay at home than go out in such bad weather. 这么糟糕的天气，我宁愿待在家中，也不愿出去。
3.hit sb on the nose 打某人的鼻子 （用the 而不用his 或her）
Eg：He hit the woman in the face / on the nose.
4. be ready to do sth. 内心愿意/乐意做某事
Eg: He was ready to believe her. 他愿意相信她。
5. From then on. 从那时起 From now on 从现在起
6. a symbol of ? ?的象征 = stand for
Eg：The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries. People think the rose stands for love, peace, courage and friendship.
8. order sb. to do sth. 命令/要求某人去做某事
order sth for sb./ sth. 为某人/ 某物订购某物
eg: The doctor ordered me to stay in bed. 医生命令我好好呆在床上休息.
9.forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 请求别人原谅所做的事
eg: She could forgive him anything. 她会原谅他的任何事.
Please forgive me for disturbing you. 请原谅我打扰你了.
Topic 2 Who is your favorite character in literature?
1.according to 根据
Eg：According to the given words ，fill in the blanks。
2. make up one’s mind 意为“下定决心”，后跟动词不定式。
Eg：He has made up his mind to work hard and catch up with others.他已下定决心努力学习赶上别人。
3. can’t help 禁不住 + v-ing
eg：Sometimes we can’t help laughing because of his funny behavior.
有时我们因他的有趣行为而禁不住大笑。
Topic 3 I will remember our friendship forever.
1. This weekend we’ll graduate from Ren’ai International School!
本周末我们将从仁爱国际学校毕业。
1） graduate 作动词是，表 “毕业”，相当于leave school，其名词形式为graduation eg: He graduated in 1999. = He left school in 1999.
2） graduate from + 学校 表 “从某个学校毕业”
graduate in + 专业 表 “毕业于某专业”
eg: He graduated from Peking University last year. 去年他从北京大学毕业。
He graduated in English at a famous University.他毕业于一所名牌大学的外语专业。
2. think back on/ to “回想起，追忆” 如：
eg：When I think back on/to those things, I miss my friends a lot.
当我回想起那些事情时，我就非常想念我的朋友。
3. …and write some words on the blackboard with color chalks.
用彩色粉笔在黑板上写几句话。
1）chalk “粉笔”，不可数名词，若表示“一支粉笔”时，则用a piece of chalk;
2）当表示各种颜色的粉笔时，则可数。
4. I’ve got dozens of cards. 我准备了许多贺卡。
1）dozen作可数名词，意为“（一）打；十二；几十；许多”
Give me a dozen, please. 请给我一打。
2）当和数词连用后面跟名词时，dozen不加s，其后也不跟of 。
eg: two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋
3） dozen后加s时，常与of连用，意为“几十；许多”，表不明确的数目。
dozens of? 几十hundreds of?几百；成百上千thousands of?几千；成千上万
5. to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是 to one’s surprised 使某人惊讶的是
eg: To my joy, I became the owner of an MP3 last week.使我高兴的是，上周我拥有了自己的
MP3。
To our surprised, Jim didn’t pass the exam.令我们惊讶的是，吉姆没通过考试。
6. take photos of sb. 为某人拍照 take photos with sb. 与某人合影
7. leave?behind “忘了带；遗忘；把??抛在后面”
eg：It means change, and leaving behind unforgettable faces and places.
它意味着变化，意味着把那些不能忘却的面容和地方留在记忆深处。 She knew that she had left childhood behind. 她知道童年已一去不复返了。
8.see sb off 为某人送行
Eg：Today，we got up early to see him off.