Unit3 Our Hobbies
Topic 1 What is your hobby?
1. What beautiful stamps!哇，多么漂亮的邮票！
what 引导的感叹句
（1）. What +a(an)＋形容词＋可数名词的单数形式＋主语十
谓语！
What a beautiful girl she is！ 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！
（2）. What＋形容词＋可数名词的复数形式＋主语＋谓语！ ：
例： What important jobs they have done！ 他们做了多么重要的工作呀！
（3）. What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！如：
How sweet water it is！多甜的水呀！
how 引导的感叹句：
（1）. How 十形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语！如：
How interesting the dog is！多么有趣的狗呀！
（2）. How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词的单数形式＋主语＋谓语！如：
How useful a subject they are learning！ 他们正在学的科目多么有用呀！
（3）. How＋主语＋谓语！如：
How time flies！时间过得真快呀！
技巧总结：从后往前划出主语、谓语，然后看前部的中心词，名词用 what，形容词、副词用 how。
2. We can learn a lot about people and history from stamps. 通过
这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文历史的知识。
a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同 very much。如:
eg： She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.
另外，a lot of 和 lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。Eg：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。 There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。
a lot of 和 lots of 之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。
3. love + doing 表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用 like+ doing 表示。表示喜欢做某事的用法有：enjoy/be fond of/be interested in doing sth.
如： 1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。
5.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我对运动感兴趣。
be interested in (doing) sth. “对?感兴趣”如:
I?am interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。
Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。
6.What do you often do in your spare time? 在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？ in one’s spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用 in one’s free time 替换。如:
eg：I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。
In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。
?7. I often go fishing. 我经常去钓鱼。
go + doing 表示“去做某事”
go +v-ing 结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如:
1)Let’s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。
2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？
另外还有：go hunting 去打猎 go shooting 去射击go swimming 去游泳
go bathing 去沐浴go shopping 去购物go climbing 去爬山
8.And I do a lot of reading. 我通常都是阅读一些书籍。
在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：
散步?do some walking ?? ?do a lot of walking
读书?do some?reading do a lot of reading
洗衣服?do some?washing do a lot of washing
买东西?do some shopping do a lot of shopping
清扫?do some cleaning do a lot of cleaning
9. Why not go out and do some outdoor activities? 为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？用 why not do sth 用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文 why not =why don’t you
如： Why not run a little faster?=Why don’t you run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？
11. And I wasn’t interested in sports at all. 我对运动一点兴趣都没有。
not...at all “一点也不??”；“全然不”。如：
1）I didn’t mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。
2）—Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。—Not at all.没关系。
12. I used to know little about paintings. 我过去不太懂绘画。
little 和 few 都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little 相当于 not much, few 相当于 not many。little 与不可数名词连用, few 与可数名词复数连用。如：
I have little time.我的时间很少。
Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。
而 a little 和 a few 含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如： There’s a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。
I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。
13. I enjoy listening to rock music. (Page 56)我喜欢听摇滚音乐。
enjoy 意为“喜欢，欣赏”，含有“乐于、享受??之乐趣”之意，其后可以跟名词、代 词或动名词作宾语。enjoy oneself 表示“玩得愉快”之意。
The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢在中国居住。
Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo?你在动物园玩得愉快吗？
Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外国人喜欢中国菜。
prefer 意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不 定式。prefer...to...表示“宁愿?，不愿?”，“喜欢?而不喜欢?”，其中 to 为介词，后可跟 名词或动名词。如：
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？
I prefer walking to cycling. 我喜欢步行胜过骑单车。
My brother likes maths, but I prefer English. 我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。
14. Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? 在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？
during “在?的期间、在?的时候”。如：
eg The sun gives us light during the daytime.太阳在白天给我们阳光。
He called to see me during my absence.当我不在的时候他来访过我。
15．I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. 我过去常在我家门前的池塘 里游泳。
in front of “在??的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而 in the front of “??的前部”； 指在物体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较：
eg: There is a tall tree in front of my house. 我家房前有一棵大树。
The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。
16. When they are free, people usually do what they like. 当人们空闲的时候，他们总是做一些自己喜欢的事情。
free “有空、空闲”， be free 可以替换为 have time。如：
eg: Are you free this evening? = Do you have time this evening? 你今天晚上有空吗？ If I am free, I am going to visit the museum. = If I have time, I am going to visit the museum.如果有时间，我打算去参观博物馆。
17. such as 比如? 例如
Eg|： They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. 他们也绘画或者 收集一些东西，例如：硬币、娃娃或邮票。
eg: We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.
我们学习很多的科目，比如语文、数学、英语和物理。
18. When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner. 当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们很快地康复。
本句中 become, keep, be, 与 get 都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是其后加形容词做表语。
三.语法学习
used to do sth.
这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不 复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to 的否定形式为：used not to do 或 didn’t use to do。疑问句为 Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...?如：
eg: He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it. 他过去不喜欢京剧，但现
在非常喜欢。
现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与 do 连用的形式。例如：
1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much. 我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。
2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？
3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？
另外，注意 be used to doing sth.与 used to do sth.的区别：
be used to doing sth “习惯于??，适应于??”如:
eg: He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。
eg: He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。 be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：
eg: Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事.
3. He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. 他并不介意它们是否是好的。 此句为以whether 引导的宾语从句。whether...or not“不论是否?”。如：
eg: You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not. 你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。
if 与whether 的区别。 whether 后可紧接 or not，而 if 一般不能。
eg: Let me know whether or not you can come. 你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。 whether 引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if 则不能。如：
eg: Whether this is true or not, I can not say. 这件事是否真实，我说不上。 不定式前用whether，不用 if。如：
I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.
介词后可用 whether，不用 if。如：
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.我是否回家还没有定。
短语：dance to伴着什么跳舞 walk a pet dog遛狗 must 表肯定推测，can’t表否定推测例如：He must be in the classroom. He can’t be in the classroom. Learn…from..从…..学习到…It is easy to get started.开始很容易。provide sb. with sth. provide sth. for sb.为谁提供什么 Topic2 What sweet music!
1. What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会弹什么种类的乐器？
kind 是“种类，类型”的意思。如：
a kind of 一种，all kinds of 各种各样， what kind of 什么类型的。如:
eg: Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food. 饺子是一种中国食品。
eg: There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library. 北京图书馆有各种各样的图书。 eg: What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room?
2. They are very popular among young people. 它们在年轻人当中很流行。
among 介词“在??当中”,“在??中间”，用于三者或三者以上；而 between 也是介词 “在??当中”,“在??中间”之意，则只能用于两者之间。如：
eg: Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.
eg: Mary is sitting between the twins.玛丽坐在双胞胎的中间。?
8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs.
be famous for“以??而著名”, “因?而出名”。如：
eg: Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。
be famous as ? 作为?出名
Eg: YaoMing is famous as a basketball player.
9. In the fall of 1976, a14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians.
look for “寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程，而 find“找到”，则是强调“找到”的结果。如： I looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.?
10. They continue making music. 他们继续创作音乐。
continue + to do sth./ doing sth./ n.“继续做某事”。如：
eg：After having a rest ,he continued to read/writing/ a story 继续阅读/写作/一个故事
11. And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much.
all over the world 全世界
12. His father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano.
ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。如：
eg: I often ask my uncle to help me with my maths.我常请我叔叔帮我学数学。
还有一些其他类似的用法。如：
tell sb. to do sth.?????告诉某人做某事
want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事
play the piano?“弹奏钢琴”。
在英语中，在表示弹奏、演奏乐器时，所有的乐器前面都要加定冠词 the，如： play the guitar?/piano?/violin/drums
英语中表达玩球类项目时，我们通常在球类项目的名词前不加定冠词。如：
play football踢足球 play basketball打篮球 play bridge cards 打桥牌 play chess 下棋
13. He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy.
make +sb+adj.结构。如： The news made us very exciting. 这个消息使我们很激动。
14. so that “以便，为的是”引导目的状语从Tom got up early so that he could get there early. so…that…一道结果状语从句He learned so quickly that his father was very happy.
So和such的区别：such 是形容词，修饰名词，such a funny story. So是副词，修饰形容词和副词，He writes so well. You are so beautiful. all kinds of各种各样的 teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
短语：at the concert在音乐会上 lend sb. sth.=len sth. to sb.把某物借给某人lend借出borro借入 each每一个,谓语用单数。each+可数名词单数Each ticket is $5. each of 后跟可数名词复数，Each of the tickets is $5. at the age of 3，在3岁时 take lessons=have lessons
上课 give sb. a lesson给某人上课 start to do sth./start doing sth.开始做某事 an amazing child一个惊人的小孩 a born musician一个天生的音乐家
Topic3 What were you doing at this time yesterday?
1．I called you but nobody answered the phone.
answer the phone “接电话” answer “回答，答复”。如：
eg: Have you answered his letter? 你回了他的信吗？
2 .Yeah, I think so. 是，我也这样认为。
I think so.的否定形式一般为 I don’t think so.例如：
—Do you think classical music is very popular in China? 你认为古典音乐在中国很流行吗？ —No, I don’t think so. 不，我认为不很流行。
3. And I also like the young man with light hair. 我也喜欢那个留着浅色头发的年轻人。 with “有”。如： a girl with blue eyes 碧眼女郎
4. I agree with you. 我同意你的意见。
agree with sb.同意某人的看法。如： I don’t agree with her. 我不同意她的意见。 agree that从句 agree on/about sth. 关于某事取得一致意见，达成共识。
5. There’s nothing serious. 没什么严重的事。nothing serious “没事”。
注意此结构的用法。用来修饰代词 something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等的形容词，要放在被修饰词的后面。如句中 serious 要放在 nothing 的后面。如： eg: Would you like anything else?你还要点儿什么吗？
eg: I’ll tell you something important.我要告诉你一件重要的事。
6. Well, Miss Wang was angry with me. 王老师生我的气了。
注意 be angry后所跟的介词： be angry with + sb.生某人的气 be angry at + sb. 对某人的言行气愤 be angry about + sth. 对某事生气 如：
eg: He was angry with her for what she did.他对她所做的感到生气
eg: He was angry at being kept waiting.他因旁人使他久等而生气。
eg: He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上那么多的车辆而气恼。?
7. In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy （神圣的）day”.
In the 1800s =in the1800’s表示 19 世纪，同样的，1900s 则表示 20 世纪。
8. spend 度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如： eg: He spent 5 yuan on the post card. 他买这张明信片花了5 元钱。
They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill.
cost 的主语是物 eg：The dictionary cost me ＄10.
pay for 为?..付款 eg：I paid ＄10 for the dictionary.
take 的结构为 It takes sb to do sth。
Eg：It take me a hour to finish my homework.
9. 复习过去进行时.
肯定句结构：was/were +doing+其他
一般疑问句：Was/Were +主语+doing+其他？Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
短语：call sb. to do sth.给某人打电话做… in a low voice低声地 fall down落下
be afraid to do 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth.担心做某 hold sb. in one’s arm把某人拥入怀中 solve problems解决问题
Unit 4 Our World
Topic1 What’s the strongest animal on the farm?
1. cover 覆盖 cover…with用…覆盖
eg：He covered the pan with a piece of paper.
2. Thousands of 成千上万的 hundreds of 成百上千 hundred / thousand 复数+ of Eg: We plant thousands of trees every year.
3. feed on 以 …为主食
eg: Horse feed on grass.
We live on rice. (讲人时用 live on)
4. 复习形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 （书124页）
短语：as we know= it is well known that众所周知 be important to sb.对某人来说很重要be important for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事很重要。share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物 on the surface在表面play an important part in在某事中起重要作用 die out 灭绝 protect sth. from sth.保护…免受..伤害 in danger处在危险当中
Topic 2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake?
1. take the place of 取代 ，代替= instead of
eg：Robort can take the place of humans to do most of work in the future.
= Robort can do most of work instead of humans in the future.
2. mistake for 把…弄错
eg：People often mistake some man-made objects for UFOs.
3. be late for 迟到
eg：Hurry up ,or you will be late for school.
4. wake up 叫醒
eg：Please wake me up at 6:00 tomorrow.
5. A terrible earthquake struck Qinghai!一场严重的地震袭击了青海。
原型strike 打击撞击的意思 ，过去式struck
短语：fall down 倒塌，落下 hear of= hear about听说 anything else其他的事情remember to do sth.记得去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过的事 try to do sth.师徒做某事 with the help of 在…的帮助下
Topic3 The Interner makes the world smaller.(宾语补足语书128页)
1. order 命令 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
eg:The cruel emperor ordered his men to fight for him.
2. be made up of ? 由?组成
eg: The Great Wall is made up of thousands of huge stones.
3. from then on 从那时起 from now on 从现在起
4. join together 连接在一起
Eg：Joining the short ropes together，you’ll get a longer one.
5. face to face面对面 back to back 背靠背 hand in hand 手拉手
短语：find 偶然发现 find out 经过探寻，调查后发现 come into being形成 look like看起来像 be sure of+名词，be sure to do sth. be sure that.从句 be not sure +if/whether从句 Some day 有朝一日，用于将来时 for the better向着好的情况转变 change into 把…变成，翻译成… look up 查字典 be different from与…不同