短文改错知识点总结
短文改错测试点
一.语法
主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。
二.是在行文逻辑方面，
主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等 .
错误类型
1.冠词的多用、少用和误用
2.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用
3.代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当
4.主谓不一致的错误
5.动词的时态和语态的误用
6.非谓语动词的误用
7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用
8关联词和平行结构的误用
9.固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用
10.冗词的多用
设错方式
一、动词形
- 动词的时态和语态错误
- 主、谓不一致的错误
- 谓语与非谓语误用
- 非谓语动词的误用
动词置于句首
? 首先看有没有并列连词and /or /otherwise, 有就考虑是祈使句
? 没有，就考虑非谓语动词
? 再看有没有(,)，有就考虑分词作状语，没有就考虑动名词/不定式作主语
例Review what happened in the past helps me succeed in the future.
Reviewing
常接不定式的形容词
? be glad to do
? be eager to do
? be anxious to
? be ready to do
及物动词后有by，in，with，to
? 先辨是谓语还是非谓语，考虑被动语态和过去分词
? be located /situated in位于
? be absorbed in被…吸引/专心于
? be involved in参与/牵涉到/专心于
? be lost in沉迷于
? be mixed with与…混合
? be covered with为…覆盖
? be lined with排列
? be surrounded with环绕
? be faced with面临
? be combined with 联合
? be connected with联系
? be compared to /with与…相比
? be addicted to沉迷于
? be related to与…有关系
无被动语态的动词
? 不及物动词没被动语态，不接宾语，非谓语动词常用ing
? happen /take place /occur
? lie /exist
? date from /back to
? belong to
? consist of
? die
? sound /look /feel /taste /smell
练习
1.I moved by their encouraging words and I studied even harder.
was
2.Facing with many problems, the new government is having a hard time.
Facted
3.Bury in his work, Tom didn’t notice me enter the room.
Buried
4.Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully-equipped
Located
apartment meets all their needs.
5.We were driving in the country when the car stop working.
stopped
6.Mary ,as well as her sisters study Chinese in China.
studies
7.I saw the boys played games on the bank of the lake when I passed.
playing
8.I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the
seeing
changing colors of the leaves on the trees.
9.Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now?
do
主谓一致
? 动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语
? many /many a
? The number of与A number of
? some /the rest /分数 /百分数 + n
? not only…but also /either…or /neither…nor
只能使用过去时的时间状语
? last week /year /night
? just now
? the other day
? in the past
? yesterday
例Last Saturday, our school had organized all of the Senior I students to visit the children at a local orphanage
二、名词数
? 可数与不可数、单复数错用
? 名词的格的误用
? 前后修饰语的误用
? 名词前冠词的误用
不可数名词前的修饰语
? 只能接不可数：little, much, a great deal of, a great /large amount of
? 接可数与不可数：some, any, a lot of /lots of
? a piece of
必须接复数的修饰语
? many
? few
? a large /great number of
? large /great numbers of
? these
? those
? several
例The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.
dishes
?
baggage /luggage行李
? damage损害
? furniture家具
? equipment设备
? weather天气
? money金钱
? change零钱
? experience经验
?
food食物
? bread面包
? beer啤酒
? wine葡萄酒
? coffee咖啡
? tea茶
? milk牛奶
? water水
? do damage /harm /good to
? get /be close to nature
? protect the environment
? send sth into space
? the universe
? make progress
of + 抽象名词
? importance
? significance
? value
? help
? use
? interest
? have /find /feel interest in
? with pleasure /joy /delight
? be in trouble /difficulty
? be in danger
? with difficulty
? in surprise /anger
? take pride in
例Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of interests.
interest
抽象名词具体化
? danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
? experience经验→an experience一次经历
? failure失败→a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事
? success成功→a success一位成功者，一件成功的事
? knowledge知识→a good knowledge对……精通/熟知
? surprise惊奇→a surprise一件令人吃惊的事
? pleasure快乐→a pleasure一件愉快的事
例He was a complete failure as a teacher, but he has made great success of his business.
必须用复数
? make friends /enemies with
? one of my friends
? in public places
必须用单数
? have a good command /knowledge of
特殊名词的修饰语
? price /cost
? sth
? population
? number
? high /low
? cheap /expensive
? large /small
? (many错)
不带冠词的名词
? go to school
? at school
? go to church
? at church
? send sb to hospital
? in hospital
? throw /put sb in prison
? in prison
? work in a school /a hospital /a prison
? go to the school /the hospital to see sb
? have lunch /breakfast /supper
? have /find /feel interest in
? to one’s surprise /joy /delight
a & an
? an hour
? an honest man
? a university student
? a one-year-old boy
? a useful book
练习
1.We can find a lot of informations on the Internet.
information
2.Different people speak different language.
languages
3.The man is a friend of my father.
father’s
4.I won’t take this jacket, for its price is very expensive.
high
5.When a child is five in England or Wales, his parents must send him to the school .
6.After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened .
an
7.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784 .
a
8.I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person .
a
9.With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green .
the
三、形容词和副词
看修饰语
? 形容词和副词的误用
? 原级，比较级和最高级的误用。
? 形容词(作定语) 修饰 名词
? 系动词 + 形容词(作表语)
? 副词(作状语) 修饰 形容词/副词
? 副词(作状语) 修饰 动词
? 副词(作状语) 修饰 整个句子
半系动词
? 状态保持：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
? 结果是，证明是：prove, turn out
? 感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look
? 似乎好像：seem, appear
? 状态变化：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
练习
1.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.
wonderful
2.He knows me so good that he can recognize my foot steps.
well
3.This river isn’t as longer as that one.
long
常见评注状语
? fortunately幸运的是
? unfortunately不幸的是
? luckily幸运的是
? unluckily不幸的是
? generally /honestly /frankly speaking一般/老实/坦率地说
? more /most importantly更/最重要的是
? worse still /what’s worse更糟糕的是
? 词性错误：评注状语该用副词, 错点用形容词；
? 意义错误：评注状语表达了对自己要说的话的态度，错点用与后文意义不一致的副词
练习
1.Fortunate，there are too many people in my family.
Unfortunately
2.Luck enough, I have caring teachers and friendly classmates.
Luckily
3.But most important, public awareness of sharing and caring is to be further
importantly
Promoted.
adj. &adv
1.wide /widely
? the wide use of computers (adj.)
? be widely used /accepted
? open your eyes /mouth /the door wide
2.high /highly
? sing high praise for(adj.)
? fly /jump /climb high
? sing high and clearly
? speak /think highly of
? praise sb highly
? highly developed /successful
3.deep /deeply
? take a deep breath(adj.)
? breathe deeply
? leave /make /create a deep impression on(adj.)
? be deeply impressed
? study sth deeply
? learn deep into the night
? dive deep into the water.
比较级常错点
? 要避免比较级重复使用。
? 要避免比较级与同级比较混用。
? 要注意比较级表示最高级中表述的准确。
? 要注意比较的对象要一致。
练习
1.He is more cleverer than his brother.
2.China is larger than any country in Asia.
other
3.Mary’s spoken Chinese is better than her sister．
sister’s
4.As a result, we don’t write as better as we did in the past.
well
5.Tom is the most diligent student I have never met.
ever
6.I have ever met a more diligent student than Tom.
never
四、代词
? 人称代指代要清楚，主格、宾格、名词和形容词性物主代,反身代词。
? 不定代词的误用及混用．
反身代词：放在动词介词之后，作宾语，表示动作作用于主语本身
例1.Only a few students solve their problems all by them.
themselves
2.I just smiled to me and thought , “What can I do ?”
myself
人称代词：主格：作主语
宾格：作宾语，放在动词介词之后
物主称代词：形容词性：作定语，放在名词前
名词：作主宾表，相当于形容词性加一个名词
练习
1.There are trees on all sides of the road.
both
2.I think important to learn the computer well.
it
3.Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves .
their
4.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.
we
it
? 一考it的补全，二考it所代替的成分
? find /consider /feel /think /make it 补语 + to do /从句
? love /like /hate /appreciate it when /if
? It is + adj /n to do /doing
1.I would greatly appreciate if I could have the chance to host them and make
it
friends with them.
2.What’s more, it is our duty protect our environment.
to
3.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of
me who is
A mine
going to Chengdu.
五、介词
? 主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。
? 介词后面接名词、代词宾格、动名词
? 不能接that从句和不定式，但可接特殊疑问词引导的从句和不定式
介词别忘记
? consist of
? wait for sb
? ask for sth
? lie /exist in
? date from
? date back to
? have /find /feel interest in
? be interested in
? have an effect /influence on
? have an attitude to /towards
? pay attention to
? pay a visit to
? focus /concentrate /center on
? do damage /harm /good to
类似短语、不同介词
? in the morning /evening /afternoon
? at night
? on a rainy /cold morning /night
? be proud of
不用介词
? every day /morning /weekend
? next morning /Friday
? last week /month /year
1.前不能加介词，后不能加when
? Each /Every time从句 每次
? The next /The last time从句 上次/下次
? The moment /The minute /The second /The instant 从句 一…就
? The first time从句 第一次
2.及物动词直接接宾语，但受汉语影响，容易错误的加一个介词，这是介词常见的设错方式
? enter sp = get into sp
? reach sp = arrive at /in sp = get to sp
? lack sth.(vt.)
3.用作名词时可以与of连用，譬如Due to /Because of (a) lack of money, his parents can’t send him to school. = Because his family lacks money, his parents can’t send him to school.
练习
1.I saw him enter into the classroom.
2.On the other hand, some food producers lack of social conscience.
3.The bus will wait us at the gate of the school.
for
4.I’m Lihua, a Chinese student take summer courses in your university. I’m
taking
writing to you to ask help.
for
5.Before leave the orphanage we took photos with the children and gave them our
leaving
contact details but we could keep in touch with one another.
so
- I’m sorry to occupy your precious time, but I really want to tell you anything
something
about the problem of some people keep too many pets nowadays.
keeping
注：Of后边接的是动名词复合结构，some people 是keeping的逻辑主语
六、连词
? 并列连词：并列连词连接对等的成分，是找错的关键信号词
? 从属连词：连词误用
? 连接副词：主语考察上下文理解
常见并列连词
? as well as和，也
? and
? but 强调转折
? while强调对比
? or或者，否则
either…or要么…要么
? neither...nor既不…也不
? not only…but also
并列连词
? 并列连词连接对等的成分，在改错中是一个关键的信号词。
? 并列连词搭配与意义
? Taking everything necessary with you and please get on the bus on time.
? and连接两个并列的祈使句
练习
1.It will start at 2:00 pm and lasts for about three hours.
last
注：and连接动词原形置于will之后
2.Doctors say that anger can lead to serious diseases, and that both controlling anger and express anger strongly can be harmful to our health.
expressing
注：and连接并列的-ing形式作主语
3.We can go swimming, playing ball games or simple take a walk after a day’
Paly simply
s study.
4.Beautiful and neatly handwriting is beneficial to us students.
neat
5.Some think online shopping is more convenient and the goods are cheap.
cheaper
注：And连接两个并列句，在意义上相对。
6.It is a fun to walk around stores and looking at various goods on sale
look
注：It is fun doing /to do都可，但只能改一处，故改后者。并列的不定式to可省略
7.Remember: Losing your temper does good to neither you or the other people.
nor
8.We should plant trees every year, or we can have a better life in the future.
and/so
9.Fast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especially among children or teenagers.
and
连词
? 考察上下文逻辑关系与连词的正确使用
? Though /although不能与but连用
? Because /since /as不能与so连用
? If不能与and连用
? even if /though即使，甚至
? as if /though似乎，好像
? as long as只要
? as soon as一…就…
? if如果---unless如果不(不要翻译成除非，句中不能有not)
? while当什么时候(从句谓语必须用延续性动词，否则改为when)
? be about to do /be doing /had just done必须与when连用
连接副词
? 考察上下文逻辑关系
? however转折
? therefore /thus因果
? besides /moreover /furthermore /additionally并列
? 连接副词用( ，)与主句隔开，改正时也必须改成连接副词，不能改成并列连词或从属连词。
练习
1.Hot water is provided for 24 hours, but lifts work day and night.
and
2.I thought it was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other. Therefore, my father loves football.
however
3.We can choose what we really need and even find a good bargain. However, we
Besides
can chat with the shop assistant and acquire a lot of use information.
4.Third, the environment of fast food restaurants is both clean and comfortably.
comfortable
Therefore, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory.
However
七、情态动词与虚拟语气
? 情态动词后接动词原形
? 情态动词的意义
? 语气的辨别
need与dare区别
虚拟语气：与现在相反：did /were
与过去相反：had done
if 条件句：表愿望的句型：
? If only(要是…就好了，但愿)
? would rather(宁愿)
? wish(希望)
? as if /though(似乎，好像)
should do
练习
1.He feels as if he is floating on a cloud.
were
2.Our suggestion is that you are the first to go.
be
3.The poor little boy could never able to see or hear again.
was
4.He mustn’t have been to Beijing before because he knows nothing about it.
can’t
5.Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?
6.She told him he ought not do it.
to
7.I believe that he wide use of such shopping bags can greatly improves our
impove
environment.
八、定语从句
? 关系代词和关系副词的误用
? 定语从句中的主谓一致
? 介词 + which /whom
? (,)后边不能用that
? 多余
练习
1.I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union of No. 8 Middle School which it is close to your university.
2.Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China
whom
several times.
3.He put it in a secret place where I couldn’t find.
which
4.The house which Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now.
where
5.I'll never forget the day which I first went to school.
when
6.I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me .
7.We took many books that was popular among children, as well as many kinds of
were
school supplies and toys.
九、名词性从句
? 连接代词和连接副词及从属连词的混用
考点1：语序
? 从句都使用陈述句语序
考点2：what & that
? What是连接代词在句中作主宾表定
? That引导一个表事实的句子，that在句中不作成分
考点3：what & which & whose
? What 有范围，表示：什么
? Which 无范围，表示：哪一个
? Whose 无范围，表示：谁的
考点4：同位语从句&定语从句
that & which
? 先行词差异：跟同位语从句的名词有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, hope, thought, problem, reason等;定语从句的先行词不固定。
? 连词差异：同位语从句中只能用that，在句中不担任成分，定语从句中可用that, 也可用which，在从句中作主语，宾语等。
考点5：what & how
whatever & however
? What /whatever修饰名词
? How /however修饰形容词和副词
? The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems /what a terrible problem /how terrible a problem we would face. /how terrible the problem is.
考点6：that & whether /if
? 都在从句中不作成份，但that引导一个表事实的句子，由陈述句变来；whether /if表是否，由一般疑问句变来。
练习
1.We would return at night to hear that he'd picked up from the radio in the
what
day.
2.But it didn’t matter that I would win or not.
whether
3. When people are playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good
why
activities for their health.
十、状语从句
? 引导词的误用
练习
1.He got up early in order to he could catch the first
that
2.Make a mark which you have any doubts or questions.
where
十一、一致问题
? 改错中注意：
? 上下文时态一致
? 主谓一致
? 连词，连接副词，评注状语前后句子意义一致
? 代词前后指代一致
例1.With time went by, I’ve made great progress
going
解析：不能把with改成as,否则时态不一致
2.As we all know, getting angry not only did harm to one’s health but also
does
has a bad effect on the relationship between people.
3.If we did things well, we will be healthy and happy.
do
4.If I am in your position, I would also refuse his request.
were
解析：在条件状语从句中，时态一般是主将从现原则，如果主句有would /should /could /might，从句就应根据上下文意义是否是考虑虚拟语气，用过去或过去完成时
十二、冗词
例1.Last summer ,I went to Beijing, my first time trip to the city.
解析: 受汉语影响，time一词多余，first 即可表达“第一次”
2.Two years later, he returned back home.
解析 : return = give /go back.
3.It is about 200 miles far away from London.
解析 :表示具体有多远不用far .
4.Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going.
解析 :that 引导的宾语从句直接作动词 feel 的宾语；而 it作形式宾语，其后应接形容词 等作宾语补足语