食品科学概论读书报告

——1046127 王泉龙 食经一班 一、 书名：《食品科学概论》

二、 作者：张有林

三、 出版社：科学出版社

四、 页数：708页

五、 内容大意：

这本书包括二十三章内容，语言简洁明了，结构紧密，并附带图片、表格等注释，以利于我们的学习和理解。

第一章：食品科学及其发展 学习到了食品科学的基本概念，了解到了食品科学的发展状况。

第二章：食品的品质、化学成分与营养 学习了食品中的各化学成分组成与营养元素。

第三章：食品与健康 学习到了合理营养与健康的紧密联系和各食品的功能性与人体的平衡。

第四章：食品工程原理 学习到了有关食品方面的各种加工原理。

第五章：食品加工机械与设备 本章详细介绍了关于食品加工过程中所要运用到的各类机械设备。

第六章：食品工厂设计 本章详细介绍了食品工厂的各个系统设计及相关建设法规。

第七章：粮油食品加工 本章详细介绍了粮油、面制食品、豆制食品、植物油脂等加工技术。

第八章：畜产品加工 本章详细介绍了相关肉类、乳制品类、蛋类的加工技术及其卫生检验。

第九章：果品蔬菜加工 本章为我们详细介绍了果品蔬菜罐头的加工工艺及果酒的酿制与蔬菜的腌制。

第十章：糖果食品加工 本章简要为我们概述了糖果的特性、组成及生产工艺和巧克力制品。

第十一章：软饮料加工 本章详细介绍了软饮料常用的原辅材料和各类饮料的加工工艺。

第十二章：水产食品加工 本章着重从水产品的原料、水产食品的传统加工技术、水产品的综合利用几个角度为我们解析水产食品的相关知识。

第十三章：果品蔬菜储藏保鲜 本章为我们带来的是果品蔬菜的采后生理及相关的储藏保鲜方式。

第十四章：食品微生物与发酵 本章简述了食品微生物与相关发酵技术的联系及发酵产品的生产工艺。

第十五章：食品腐败与保藏 本章为我们介绍的是食品的腐败和防止措施以及简略介绍了食品包装与保藏的关系。

第十六章：食品卫生与安全 本章概述了食品污染来源和食品中毒问题及相关的卫生安全管理。

第十七章：食品添加剂 本章为我们详细介绍了生活中常见的几类食品添加剂及酶制剂。

第十八章：食用菌生产与加工 本章为我们介绍了食用菌的分类

与栽培，食用菌的制种技术，食用菌的鉴定及保藏和其产品的分级、包装、储运。

第十九章：食品感官评价与伪劣食品鉴别 本章为我们介绍了生活中尤为重要的食品假冒伪劣鉴别方法以及食品感官评价的概述。

第二十章：食品包装 本章则详细为我们介绍了食品包装的基本要求和分类，食品包装的技术与质量控制。

第二十一章：食品科学研究方法 本章介绍了食品科技的相关文献及实验数据的统计处理。

第二十二章：食品加工高新技术 本章详细介绍了现代食品加工的各类高新技术。包括为我们介绍了食品加工中运用到的超微粉碎、微胶囊、膜分离、超临界萃取、超高压、微波、冷冻、栅栏技术等。

第二十三章：食品标准与法规 本章概述了我国食品标准体系及国际食品标准体系及国内外食品相关法规。

六、 读后心得

都说“民以食为天”，食品是人类赖以生存的物质基础，自从人类诞生以来，就同饮食紧密地联系在一起，没有食品便没有人类。从茹毛饮血、钻木取火到美味佳肴、食品科学，饮食发展推动着人类进化，人类文明又促进食品科学与文化的形成和发展，食品科学历史源远流长。

食品科学研究的对象是人们的吃与喝，是将基础科学和工程学的理论用于研究食品基本的物理、化学和生物化学性质以及食品加工原理的一门学问，食品科学家是围绕食品这一主题开展活动的。有史

以来，人们总是以色、香、味、形评价食品，把食品作为一门科学而进行广泛深入地研究是近一百多年的事。食品科学一经兴起，就受到了人们的极大关注，并在较短的时间内很快的发展成为一门涉及范围很广的学科体系，其研究的主要内容有食品原料、食品营养、食品卫生、食品机械、食品工厂设计、食品加工工艺、食品工程原理、食品保藏、食品感官、食品运输、食品销售、食品消费、食品文化、食品心理、生产监控和质量标准等，食品科学研究的内容涉及食品领域内科学和技术的各个方面。

虽然全世界都在关心食品，但是关心的方面随地区不同而各有侧重。尽管在世界不发达地区有大量的人群在从事食品生产，但是始终存在着一个问题，即人们未能得到足够数量和种类的基本营养素。而在世界发达地区，食品生产已实现高度机械化和达到高效率；虽然只有一小部分人口从事食品生产，但是已能提供丰富的食品，而且它们中大部分通过工艺的改变，合成或降解，或者加入食品添加剂被改变成其他产品。在这些地区，人们的关心的是食品的成本、质量、品种和制作上的方便及加工过程和化学添加剂对卫生和营养价值的影响。所有这些考虑都是重要的，它们也正是食品科学——一门涉及到食品的特性及其变值、保藏和改性原理的科学领域中的问题。

食品科学可以定义为将基础学科和工程学的理论用于研究食品基本的物理、化学和生物化学性质以及食品加工原理的一门学问。食品工艺学则是运用食品科学原理来从事食品的选择、保藏、加工、包装及销售，它影响消费安全、营养和食品卫生。由此可见，食品科学

是一门涉及范围很广的学科，包括食品生物学、食品工程和食品化学。由于食品与人直接相关，有的食品科学家也对食品选择的心理学发生兴趣，他们研究食品的感官性质。食品科学围绕食品而展开研究的，其主要研究内容有食品原料、食品营养、食品卫生、食品安全、食品机械、食品加工、食品保藏、食品感官、食品运输、食品销售、食品消费、食品文化、食品心理、生产监控和质量标准等，涉及食品技术和科学领域内的各个方面。

现代食品工业的工业化加工制造技术，虽然多数可以从漫长流传的传统食品加工技艺中找到渊源，但不同于以经验为基础而形成的加工技艺，它已和现代兴起的工业一样，随着食品科学、食品工程学科的形成和发展，有了自成体系的理论基础，并以科学技术为先导，加强和加速现代食品工业现代化的进程。

食品科学的主要任务在于提高人们的健康水平，为开发新食品奠定理论基础，保证食品的安全与卫生，推动食品法规与标准化的建设。

据估计，现在世界上大约还有20亿人仍然食不果腹，每天约有4万人因得不到足够的食物而丧失生命。儿童营养不良导致恶性营养障碍症，蛋白质-热能缺乏导致消瘦症，在发展中国家司空见惯。食品科学家也千方百计地把食品中的维生素和矿物质提高到人体生理上所需水平，早餐所食用的麦片就是这些食品中最好的例子。大多数麦片都含有一些添加的营养素，有的麦片还含有人体一整天所需的营养量。这些维生素和矿物质必须均匀地分散于产品中，而且性能必须稳定，它们不得影响食品的风味或外观，这一点必须引起高度的重

视。食品科学家最重要的任务之一是保证食品尽可能安全。谨慎地进行食品加工、储存和保鲜可以防止食物中毒的爆发。食物中毒是指由于消费食品而感染疾病。引发食源性疾病的要么是致病菌、病毒、寄生虫及食物中含有有毒物质，要么是化学污染物。近年来接踵而来曝光的不安全食品危害事件以及由致病性微生物等引发的食源性疾病，触目惊心（例如近几年的苏丹红、塑化剂、三聚氰胺等）。

因此，我们在学习食品科学的同时也要关注我们身边的食品安全问题，并从这些问题中发掘能本质解决这些问题的科学方法，将我们的食品科学知识充分应用到我们的生活中，让食品科学更好的服务人类并造福于社会！

第二篇：读书报告

The Reading Report of “the Elementary on Chinese-English” Abstract: “ the Elementary on Chinese-English” is an important bibliography of students who are learning Chinese-English translation. It is chiefly edited by the translation predecessor Chen Hongwei and published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. In this book, professor Chen combines the Chinese-English translation theory with translation practices perfectly. Her words are beautiful and skillful. Readers can learn much from this book. As a first-year postgraduate from Foreign Language College, I wrote a reading report on this book as follows. Now, let us have a taste of the story of Professor Chen Hongwei and Chinese-English translation from the lines.

Key words: Chinese-English translation Chen Hongwei Functional

With the reform and opening up and the spring up of China’s socialist modernization undertakings, the need of English from all walks of life is growing gradually. The occasions which need to use English are increasing, the range that demands English is expanding day by day. English has naturally become a common international communication language in our state. In this process, English shows its importance more and more as a media method and information conversion tool, and gets people’s attentions from all sectors of the society in a boom trend. So, the importance of translation is growing up automatically. “ Elementary on Chinese-English” is a book specializes in researching the basic theory in Chinese-English translation and explaining CE translation techniques. It gathered the author’s many years’ studies of translation and ample translation teaching experience. It was edited to meet the need of Chinese’s learning on CE translation aiming to the traits of Chinese’s learning. The author thought that the practice without theory is sightless. The translation is a kind of practical cross-cultural communication activity though, it needs theory to guide. The ability of Chinese to utilize English is generally lower than the ability to utilize Chinese. As it were, when Chinese learned CE translation, they analyzed the text written in native language, then rewrote an English text which is in conformity with the original meaning and function similar with the original text, according to the weak foreign language ability and the strange thinking model that opposed the habitual thinking way. Firstly，Introduction

This book begins with a story. The story is about the tower of Babel and extract from the

book of Genesis in the bible. Through this story we can learn that the language of the multifarious in the world since the ancient days. Language barriers hinder the human communication, the cultural exchanges and the development of civilization. But humans never stop communicating language and communication cultural activities. These activities we called translation. Translation has more than two thousand years history in the west with five orgasms. They respectively occurred in the middle times of the third century BC, between four to six centuries AD, between eleven to twelve century, the European Renaissance period in the fourteen to sixteen century and after the end of the World War Two. Throughout the western translation history, we can sum up four main translation methods roughly. There are literary translation method, linguistics translation method, communication translation method and social semiotics translation method. Since translation is a kind of complicated communicative activity involving many disciplines, every one of these four methods cannot solve all problems in the translation. But from that described in the book, western translation attaches great importance to the theoretical research, and does translation practice under the theoretical guidance. Therefore, although western translation theory has yet to develop as a whole set of mature theory system, its theory research is very rich, which is conduce to absorb for us and develop the translation theory that suitable inter-translation for Chinese -foreign language.In the same way, translation in our country also has a long history. But the translation activities recorded in the history are directly related to the religious activities. The Buddhist texts translation from Eastern Han Dynasty to tang and song dynasty is the first translation climax in the history. The science and technology translation in the end of Ming dynasty is the second time. During the period of the May 4th movement, translation activities in our country made a great contribution to the spreading of Marxism-Len ism thoughts and the world literature. However, since the founding of China, the accomplishment of China’s translation career has surpassed any periods in the history. Most of all, the translation theory research in recent ten years is even more remarkable.

We all know that translation is a communicative activity that cross language, cross culture and cross society. The procedures for translation is not only the language conversion process, but also the process of reflecting the characteristics of different social cultural transformation. Professor Chen introduces us in the book, translation has the characteristics of possibility, limitation, creativity and subordination. The possibility establishes on the generality of culture,

and the limitation establishes on the individuality of culture. And the purpose of the creativity is to reproduce the meaning and function of the text. Its principles are subject and belong to the original text. The translation has a close relationship with language study, other subjects and development of society. So, a translator should have the ability to use source language and target language skillfully, to know well of the culture reflected by the source language and target language, to master the ways of people and the world, to know the writer and the reader’s psychology and to respect the writer and the bridge that communicates their hearts. Among the writers, the translator who impress me deepest is Yan Fu. The criterion pf “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance” he suggested has great importance in Chinese translation circle. Especially for us beginners, these provide us a invisible leverage for our translation practices.

Secondly，The theoretical basis of translation from Chinese to English

We can learn through this book, in terms of the Chinese-English psychological culture, the Chinese pay much attention to tuition and representation while the western people attach importance to reason and logic, the Chinese pay attention to entirety when the western people attach importance to individual, the Chinese stress thought while the English underline the form, and Chinese often use antithesis rhetoric and four-character phrase, just as “tian ya hai jiao ”, “tian xuan di zhuan” and so on, and there is no such usage in English. The Chinese-English cultural differences in psychological reflect on the language are ubiquitous. In the cross language communication, we must bear these differences in mind. We must use appropriate methods to narrow these differences, so that we can minimize the loss of the original message. In this way, the target-text readers can get the most information according to their own thinking ways. Translation is a kind of complicated symbol conversion activity. The “equivalence” people look forward to is just a kind of ideal circumstance. What is feasible is to try to make the translation text and the original text “resemblance”. As a result, the translation criteria are usually as follows: Correspondence in meaning and similarity in function. They have the same connotation with the traditional translation standard-faithfulness. Combined with the content of this book, as for my usual translation practice, I think that we should pay attention to the following questions. First, to fully prepare for the translation work. The translator had best read the Chinese original text again and again, then he or she can have a thorough grasp of the original text’s main idea and writing style; can know its genre and function, its social background, the social effect it received, the

author’s social background and language background, the author’s writing style and creative thought and the meaning of the symbols reflected in the words of the original text just like color, sound, action, posture, behavior and so on. In short, the more and the finer of all relevant information about the original text and the author, the more fully the preparation, the less obstacles in work. Next, we ought to lay emphasis on comprehension and expression. This step can be called the core stage in the Chinese-English translation process. The relationship between them is inseparable. Although Chinese is the native language of the translators, most of the translators are trend to subjecting to the mode of thinking heavily on the tuition, the figurative and the entirety in understanding the original text, so that they always overlook the Chinese meaning’s traits such like generally the general and fuzzy the expression, and make the deviation or error on the understanding. For an example, “His clothes are worn-out”, here refers to “junk”. And the playing cards are already in shred, here is “broken”, it refers to the playing cards are damaged badly. Therefor, building on thoroughly understanding the meaning and function of the original text, it is needed to make great efforts for the native Chinese students to make a translation text with appropriate and tunnel English. Last but not least, the often overlooked phase is people-check. Check can be carried out immediately after completion of translation, but it had better to hold on for a few days after the completion of translation. The translator is no longer addicted to the process of translating at this time, and to some extent, is an “outsider”. At that time, the translator will be review the translate text more sensible, so he or she can find and correct the errors of it.

Third, the management of words and expressions, sentence construction and sections and chapters

Words are the smallest units in the translation from Chinese to English, the pros and cons of words’ translation are the basic elements of measuring the quality of translation text. A word maybe only has the referential meaning, maybe not only has the referential meaning, but also has the linguistic meaning and pragmatic meaning. The signified of Chinese and English words are often the same. They are all to mirror the same object or the same phenomenon in the objective world and reflect the same language function. The translation of Chinese-English words referential meaning can be roughly divided into four methods. There are literal translation, liberal translation, phonetic translation, the method of combining phonetic translation with free translation and so on.

It needs to determine the main predicate in the first place in the translation from Chinese into

English processing. In the translation from Chinese into English, the subject must conform to the codes of English language and cultural custom in countries such as Britain and America, must conform to the western people’s ways of thinking in Britain, America and other western countries, must be the highlight part in the sentence, must conform to the logical relations in the sentence, and must meet the needs of the context and the writing style. While the choice of predicate should be consistence in person and number, should remain tense in conformity with the original semantics, should match with subject right logically, and should also match with object and so on. Then make some proper adjustments according to word order and relations within the language.

Chapters are the ideal unit for translation. Translation from Chinese into English should focus on chapter firstly to research its main function, which is the purpose of communication is to achieve. It also should endeavor to overcome the effect that the difference of psychological culture and language culture put on inter-cultural communication to make the translation text perform the similar functions and to get the similar overall effect. But in the process of discourse translating, we should pay attention to the classification of the text.

Fourth, conclusion

Life is short, translation is a long learning period, and learning is endless. For translation is a broad and profound discipline, although after a careful research of scholars both at home and abroad, there has not yet appeared a set of translation principles and translation methods that can please and satisfy everyone. It is because the translation possess this distinctive feature, it is so attractive. It attracts generation after generation people who committed to cross-cultural communication to study from different angles and based on the different disciplines. Of course, this new generation people who love cross-cultural communication include me.