1.书写实验报告的意义

书写实验报告是实验课的必需要求,是实验课教学的书面考查。同时,通过书写报告,培养了学生们实事求是的科学态度和作风,帮助他们树立了学术意识,锻炼了语言表达能力,有利于他们将来总结研究资料,撰写论文等等。因此,我们应在实验教学中重视书写实验报告,建立一个比较规范的,能够开拓学生创新思维的书写实验报告模式,这对提高实验教学质量具有积极促进作用。

2存在的问题

笔者在上学期末学校组织的关于对实验报告的抽测过程中发现诸多问题,低年级的学生,不知道实验报告怎么写,有的写了,却很敷衍,有一份实验报告,只有30多个字,这能算合格的实验报告吗?另外还有,实验报告的格式不统一,五花八门。主要问题如下:大部分实验报告无结论及分析。实验报告的重点应是结论与分析,而我们同学报告的一部分只是把实验数据记录下来而已,实验报告照搬照抄实验指导书,实验指导书是用来指导我们实验的,而实验报告是为了给老师交作业的,应该给人明白清晰地感觉。“计算机类”实验,部分没有实验报告,有报告的内容一看,都比较简单,没有能够说明实验结果的结论,也没有源程序。

《大学物理实验》有部分学生实验报告无原始数据记录,且数据曲线绘制极及潦草。综合性、设计性实验报告突出不了学生设计的方案。的见解深刻化。通过思考,可以发现和弥补原先知识的不足,引起新的联想,新的思索,产生新的认识,达到新的阶段。思考及建议是培养学生

创造思维能力,培养学生探索能力的有效手段。

总体来说,实验报告一般模式是:实验仪器,实验目的,实验原理,实验内容,结论与分析,思考及建议。写作要求是:简述目的、仪器.详细论证原理和内容,但力求简明扼要,只要把理论与实验的依据说明,把实验内容讲清即可,切不可过细过繁。重点突出结论,提倡论述思考及建议。 4结语

书写实验报告,不仅是每个学生应该做的,而且我们的教师也应该重视起来,对他们的报告加以指导,认真地批改,及时的解决学生实验报告中提到的问题,达到整个实验教学的目的,提高实验教学的质量。 3实验报告写作的指导思想及建议性模式框架总结学院多年实验教学经验,在继承许多优良传统和成功经验的基础上,结合学院的实际情况,给出如下实验报告写作基本模式。

3.1仪器设备

仪器设备是衡量实验进行有效手段的依据,应在报告中给于体现。

3.2实验目的

实验目的是实验研究的主要任务,是实验的主体能使实验者明白要千什么及要取得什么结因此应给予简述,起到画龙点睛的作用。

3.3实验原理

实验原理是实验的依据,是理论与实际的衔接,是理论的结果怎样在实际中应用,不是纯理论,也不是纯实践,是根据实验室客观条件,以理论为基础而设计的可行性实验方案,是把学生从理论的框架引向实际轨道的桥梁。因此,给予详细论述。但不可长篇大论只讲理论。力求简

明扼要,点到为止。

3.4实验内容及数据记录

实验内容、实验步骤及数据记录,实际上是实验具体实施的一个整体,我们应该以具体操作为依据,将其内容、步骤及测量的数据如实给予叙述,详细报告所做的过程及结果,让人一看就知道在干什么,做了什么。

3.5结论及分析

做实验很重要,如果做完不总结,不分析,那就达不到实验的目的。实验结果是整个报告的结局,是原理应用于实际中所的结论的科学鉴证,是实验报告的精髓,是学生更深层次认知的体现。因此应认真撰写这部分。内容应包括:应用已学理论知识对实验结果做整体分析和讨论,对本试验结果进行评价,分析与理论的差异及原因;异常结果的分析和讨论,找出原因的办法,存在的问题及改进设想。

3.6思考及建议

思考,可以使滕胧的意识明确化,肤浅的见解深刻化。通过思考,可以发现和弥补原先知识的不足,引起新的联想,新的思索,产生新的认识,达到新的阶段。思考及建议是培养学生创造思维能力,培养学生探索能力的有效手段。总体来说,实验报告一般模式是:实验仪器,实验目的,实验原理,实验内容,结论与分析,思考及建议。写作要求是:简述目的、仪器.详细论证原理和内容,但力求简明扼要,只要把理论与实验的依据说明,把实验内容讲清即可,切不可过细过繁。重点突出结论,提倡论述思考及建议。

4结语

书写实验报告,不仅是每个学生应该做的,而且我们的教师也应该重视起来,对他们的报告加以指导,认真地批改,及时的解决学生实验报告中提到的问题,达到整个实验教学的目的,提高实验教学的质量

第二篇：如何写实验报告英文版

 Writing an Experiment Report

Writing an experiment report is a very stylized genre of writing. It should be as efficiently written as possible and should provide each item of information just where readers will expect it to be. Nothing redundant. The paper should contain 6 sections: a short Abstract, an Introduction, Methods（Process）, Results（Data）, Discussion and Conclusions. The Bibliography, Tables, Figures and typically come at the end (though the Tables and Figures can also be inserted within the text).

ABSTRACT:

Always include an abstract for ANY paper (in my opinion). Write it as one paragraph, about 200 words or less. This is a concise summary of the entire experiment. Include the rationale, method, results, and significance in highly abbreviated form (but using full sentences). Look at some published journal abstracts or Society Meeting abstracts to get the idea of how to write one.

INTRODUCTION:

Give background rationale for the experiment. Why were you motivated to do this experiment? Or more accurately, given what you actually found, why MIGHT you have wanted to do this experiment? Your report, in other words, should not be biographical or historical. Experiments are often exploratory; we often are not testing a specific hypothesis. And, in any case, readers really don't care what you THOUGHT you might find but did not. The paper should tell a story about what the data actually show. Summarize results of earlier research that are necessary to account for the conduct of the experiment (as relevant to the interesting aspects of your results) and help the reader to able to have some expectations about what the experiment will show (whether right or wrong).

Pay attention to your use of verb tenses in the text. It is easy (but confusing to readers) to slip back and forth between `The subject read the words at two speaking rates' and later `We measure the duration of the vowels by ....’Avoid this.

The last paragraph before the Methods should sketch in readable style the basic logic of the experimental design to come. Eg, “Thus, in the following experiment, Ss were asked to read words with both voicing values in position X at two speaking rates in order to see whether rate has an effect on the ratio of the vowel duration to consonant duration. We expected to find no difference in ratio due to speaking rate.'' (Or whatever.)

METHODS:

There are 3 logical parts to the methods: the Independent Variables (input variables, the things you controlled: place of article, word length, speaking rate, etc or whatever), the Task performed by the subjects, and the Dependent Variables. You have a task (eg, reading these phrases in a some way) for which certain values of the IVs are set (eg, +/-voice, +/- front, final stops at two speaking rates, etc.). Then you measure the DVs (eg, vowel durations, F0 contours, whatever). Finally you look for ways in which the DVs are structured by (influenced by) the IVs. This section should be tight and business-like in style.

Of course, you need to tell your readers about at least the following:

• characteristics of your subjects (sex, native language, age range, etc.; and the instructions you gave them),
• how the recordings were made, including major equipment items,
• analysis of the recordings; the measurement procedures; the software employed. Describe any special problems in measurement that arose and your solution to them,
• describe the statistics you performed, if any.

RESULTS:

Systematically go through the relevant aspects of your data. Present tables and graphs of the DVs. The organization of these paragraphs will probably be in terms of the IVs. For example, "The change in value of IV affects both DV1 and DV2,".)

Describe the important features of the data in the text. Lead the reader through the tables and figures (eg, "As can be seen in the left side of Figure 1,..."). Devise data presentation techniques that make the real meaning of the data as clear as possible. Be sure to label graphs and figures clearly. Organization of paragraphs would normally be in terms of the independent variables.

DISCUSSION:

1) Organization of paragraphs (subsections) may often be in terms of independent variables (i.e. the factors varied in the experimental design).

2) Compare your results to previous similar experiments. To what extent do your results resemble those found before?

3) What new discoveries have you found? What is their significance to specific and more general issues in the area?

CONCLUSIONS:

Review and summarize very briefly what was done in this experiment and what you found in the results. State in general terms the most important discovery in the experiment. You may also want to suggest follow-up experiments.

Notes on Experimental Writing Style

1) Avoid first person pronouns no matter how awkward it may seem. "I asked the Ss to..." => "The Ss were asked to...".

2) Paper is cheap! It is easier to spread out your text and figures and use many separate pages.

3) Be as pithy as possible. Learn to use standard verbal formulas to abbreviate descriptions of methods, statistics, etc. Never be concerned that your paper is too short. It can only be too long. Say everything you have to say and no more. If you want to stretch out your paper, do it in the Discussion-- keep the Methods and Results tight, systematic and predictable.

4) Make a careful outline that you update as you write. It's generally easiest to write the Methods first, then Results (starting a new page), then sketch out the Discussion (starting a new page), and finally create an easily read and descriptive title. Then write the Introduction last.

5) When completed, the order of parts should be: Abstract, Text, References, Tables (on a separate pages unless very small), Figures (each on a separate page unless very small and labeled at the bottom). All tables and figures need a legend (on the page or listed on a separate page). Staple on diagonal in upper left hand corner. No fancy covers or plastic folders! Typed, of course, and EVERYTHING DOUBLE SPACED.

6) Use plenty of Figures! Be creative with figures to facilitate the reader's understanding.

But most of all HAVE FUN.