第二篇：Summary of Other Animal Systems
SNC 2D0 Summary of Other Animal Systems ? To sense the external and internal environment of the organism
? To coordinate body actions
? To communicate and transmit signals throughout the body
Most animals have two parts of their nervous system:
1. Central
? Contains the spinal cord, brain and retina
2. Peripheral
? Contains neurons that collect information which is sent to the central nervous
system
Parts and Organs
Brain
?
?
?
? Center of nervous system Processes and interprets the collected information Sends out a response signal through neurons to body parts There are many types of ‘brains’ within the animal kingdom
o The ability to sense and process information therefore, also varies
Neurons
? Specialized cell that allows an electrical impulse (signal) to pass through
Spinal Cord
? A long, thin, tubular bundle of nerve tissue that connects neurons throughout the body to
the brain
? Protected by the backbone
? To process, store and eliminate urine
Parts and Organs
Kidneys
? Process water soluble wastes that forms urine
Bladder
? Stores urine
Urethra
? Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
? System of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone into the bloodstream to
regulate the body
Parts and Organs
Hormones
? chemical messengers that tell parts of the body to do something
Glands
? various glands in the body produce different hormones
Kidneys, liver and gonads
? accessory organs that also produce hormones
? to protect the body against foreign invaders that can be harmful
? detects then eliminates bacteria and viruses
? helps the immune system to fight against infections
Parts and Organs
? lymph nodes
? spleen
? bone marrow