Review of the Old Testament

The Old Testament is the first section of the Bible and it contains thirty-nine books about the history and religion of the people in Israel. It is said that the Old Testament is edited by various authors over a period of centuries, so it is not hard to understand why each book has its unique tone, style and message. Generally, Old Testament can be divided into five parts: Pentateuch, history, books of Wisdom, prophecies and minor prophecies.

The word “faith” runs throughout the whole book and is one of the most important theme in the Old Testament. There are many sentences about faith, such as Psalms 31:23, “ Oh love Jehovah, all ye his saint: Jehovah preserveth the faithful, and plentifully rewardeth him that dealeth proudly”, and Isaiah 11:5 speaks of Christ: “ Righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his reins.” Indeed, faith is the highest ethical practices, he who has faith has an inward reservoir of courage, hope, confidence, calmness and assuring trust that all will come out well. Maybe such kind of people will often be ridiculed, but they never give up, for faith can be their inner stud and help them overcome all difficulties.

Among the Old Testament, the Book of Job may be one of the best illustrations of “faith”. The title Job comes from the name of its main character, Job, and this book is a record of his faith journey. Job is a wealthy man living in a land called UZ with his large family and extensive flocks, and he is “blameless and upright, feared God and shunned evil”. But God wants to test his loyalty, so he lets Satan torment him - his livestock, servants, children all die and even he himself afflicts with horrible skin sores. With some bad friends’ instigation, Job becomes a little confused but never give up his faith towards God. At last, God appears, Job acknowledges God’s unlimited power and admits the limitation of his human knowledge. God forgives all of them and returns Job’s health, provides him with twice as much property as before, new children, and an extremely long life.

Due to Job’s firm faith, he finally gets rescued. And from Job 40:15 to 41:34, God talks about his creation of two large beasts, the Behemoth and Leviathan, we can regard this as a metaphor about the power of people’s faith - it can lead us through

difficult times and temptations in life. All in all, God is trying to shape Job to be a great person just like that two creations and promote his spirit state. Book of Job explores some of the most profound questions human ask about their lives, and has always been one of the most celebrated pieces of biblical literature.

After reading, I can fully understand why the Bible is always described as “the greatest book ever written”. The philosophy it contains has permanent charm, once remembered, I believe it would benefit us for our whole life.

第二篇：英文阅读报告

PSMS Communications Room Reading System And The Reliability Report

1. Foreword

Aggregate the development of technology in this industry and nine years’ experience engaged in monitoring the work of technical studies and three years of theoretical study and application of theory and relevant information obtained through inquiries on the reading room dynamic communications environment Set Monitoring systems and the reliability of key technology and control technology, developed a thesis related elements.

On the communications room PSMS system and the reliability of work-related reading and information inquiries are mainly from four aspects : First, through professional reading books, inquiries understanding of the relevant expertise; Second, reviewed notes since work in this industry for refining techniques; Third, through inquiries and studying related manufacturers’ various technologies related to information technology and project of improving system; Four, inquiries through the Internet about monitoring industry and the emerging knowledge of exploring technology.

Through reading and searching we come to the conclusion about the system technology: a network monitoring system and data processing technology; Digital Video Surveillance technology; Room security technologies; System reliability technology.

2. Network monitoring system and data processing technology

PSMS communications system in the engine room is mainly to control the distribution of various independent monitoring targets for telemetry, such as remote data collection, real-time monitoring systems and equipment operations, data recording and processing time fault detection, remote operation and the need for timely notification officers. It is generated in accordance with the requirements of the higher level control system or network management center to provide the corresponding data and statements to achieve communication (Station) Unmanned rooms or less, and power of the centralized monitoring and air-conditioning maintenance and management improve the reliability of power supply systems and telecommunications equipment safety.

PSMS system design requirements are : a tree network architecture with distributed processing and distributed data structure, solve large-scale network problems; use real-time communications and the ability to handle light industrial category UNIX mainframe processing to solve the real mass Board Station time data acquisition, processing; transmit real-time and the need to ensure full reliability. The

most crucial is to be compatible with the system architecture; Secretary stations distal hardware, modular design, simplifying the structure, Construction and maintenance convenience, and must have a good expansion; Application integration of a variety of technologies in their respective areas of strength. the entire monitoring system with a powerful performance, high reliability, strong usability.

The monitoring structure in the network is generally made up of the monitoring center, monitoring stations, monitoring unit and control module.

Monitoring modules have the functions of data collection and completion of the necessary control specific about the object. According to different types of controlled system there are different monitoring modules.In a monitoring system there are many different monitoring modules

Monitoring Unit can be generally used to manage all the control module of a physical location relatively independent communications (station), individual cases it can be other small stations equipment

Monitoring stations are to meet the county, region and the creation of the regulatory requirements for monitoring the units’ management. Control centers are to meet the centralized monitoring a, maintaining focus on the creation and centralized management requirements. Communication Station (site) centralized monitoring and management system can be relatively independent of the building, an integral part of network ownership

PSMS communications room system is a very large distributed network requirements of real-time systems monitoring network used by its mainframe operating system with real-time monitoring, multi-task, the functional characteristics of the network, We used OS9000 system, its real-time, multi-task operating system. supports TCP agreements, in those relatively early use DOS, Windows single task, single-user, real-time, non-network functions of the operating system constitutes a small monitoring and control network, not satisfy the dynamic real-time environmental monitoring would need to form a larger network needs.

In the forefront of intelligent access, as there are more types of equipment, for example, facilities for the mentally retarded, even the same type of equipment manufacturers agreements also are varied and with many equipment suppliers, the agreement will be more. During the monitoring implementation process, in order to make better use of intelligent resources, intelligent interfaces and communication protocols for communications equipment through the conversion of its direct access control system. Basically it was relatively easy to achieve the hardware change of RS232 communication interface, RS485, RS422.

Data transmission and processing is the core dynamic environmental monitoring system, it is relied on transmission network, transmission and system structure.

Software design and monitoring system should be tailored to the means of transmission.

3. Digital Video Surveillance Technology

Video surveillance is by cameras obtaining video surveillance information on the video monitor, record, back, According to information manual or automatic video and take corresponding action to achieve the objective of monitoring the surveillance, control, security and intelligent management.

Digital Video Surveillance technology is developed on the basis of simulation video surveillance technology. Digital image processing is the core compression and digital storage. Currently Digital Video Surveillance technology has been widely used in communications control room applications.

Video compression technology can be divided into intra-frame compression, and between-frame compression. For these two kinds of compression, there are many different compression technologies or standard. For DVS products the most common technologies are: JPEG compression technology, MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 MPEG-4, H.263 and H.264, etc.

H.264 generally uses motion estimation of the common VLC symbol coding, high precision and multi-mode and base on 4 x 4 block of DCT-based, hierarchical coding syntax. These measures have made the H.264 algorithm is very high coding efficiency. With the image quality it can save more than 50% of the H.263 bit rate. H.264 has strong stream network adaptability, error recovery and ability to properly adapt to the wireless network and IP applications

H.264 video compression technology used to construct and design DVS, which is better able to adapt to network transmission, and prolonged storage.

FAT and Directory District freezing technology are used in digital storage technology to ensure the non-normal shutdown process will not lead to the destruction of FAT and the Directory zone. As a result of the pre-allocated disk technology, FAT tables and directory area actually is a fixed model state. In other words, no matter how the data is written to the hard disk, its FAT table and the district don’t change. By revising file system software, FAT and the Directory can be frozen during video.

4. Room security technology

The safety of the engine room is mainly concentrated in fire monitoring, a strong electric cable invasion, and access control administration. for example cable fault could be caused the fire and led to suspension of communications; Lightning invasion will cause power failures or a fire and communication interruption happens; Room entrance management is not in place or omissions would cause confusion out

of the engine room staff, and bring security risks to communications systems operations.

(1) Suction-type smoke detection system

Automatic fire alarm device has to be installed in telecom room. The device could be temperature or smoke detectors. In the tobacco smoke detection probe photoelectric or suction type of smoke detection system is normally used. After extensive application and technical feasibility studies we finally sum up suction-type smoke detection system should be far better than photoelectric probe in technology and exploration measurement sensitivity.

Suction-type smoke detection adapts the unique scattering of laser technology and the most advanced artificial neural network technology. It could detect potential fire trouble. Compared with other fire safety systems it has many advantages: high sensitivity (about 1000 times higher than traditional), and the error rate is very low, true artificial intelligence technology, etc.

Suction-type smoke detector has high sensitivity, smoke particles 10 microns or less in diameter and 0.004~4%obs/m sensitivity of the system (generally 5%obs/m traditional detector),which is nearly, 1,000 times higher than the traditional. System can be used to study the environment, and then automatically set up the sensitivity based on information accumulation and achieve accurate detection purposes in any environment; Delay alarm output can be set. After a period of comparison, the system confirm smog stability and then alerts to avoid abnormal error caused by the environmental changes; A three-tier gas is installed to filter off the dust and other pollutants in the smoke-inlet; different users environment requires different levels of the police to achieve accurately forecasting and avoid misrepresentation; Just opposite to traditional manually setting detector sensitivity, first set manually acceptable error rate, and sensitivity could be set automatically by machines based on the actual circumstances, it will be very low false alarm rate.

(2) Electrical safety and lighting prevention

The design of electrical safety needs the following considerations: the laying of wires has different ways (for example, out enough and dark enough; wear resistant galvanized pipe, plastic pipe protection and wear protection), heat conditions are not the same. We should set lead flow according to the specific circumstances

Laying of the cable temperature calibration: wire on the ground, underground or air installation. It shall be increased by 5 ° C according to an annual average temperature of the hottest month to calibrate its allowed carrying capacity; Parallel installation, its flow should be calibrated in the parallel; the ceiling (nausea roof) temperature calibration should be paid special attention to the temperature correction. For the wires, cables we could increased distribution level and work with other types

of design to ensure good ventilation inside the ceiling.

The possibility of increasing consumption should be considered. When design electrical system conductor cross-section area should be enlarged by 1-2 level in accordance with the specific circumstances. Although doing so would increase investment, however, looking at the long term, it is benefited.

On the other hand, room and the external lightning penetrated system need to be improved. According to the state standard GB50057-94 (2000 version)"design of buildings lighting prevention regulation", when design lighting prevention system, to prevent lightning from the introduction of signal lines or lines of communication. Corresponding surge arrester have to be installed at the connectors of the signal line, the lines of communications and the ends of power lines to limit the high-voltage generated by lighting and protect the equipment. Cable cannot be laid along the external room to prevent magnetic field from affecting cables and hitting equipments during the strong lightning current conduction inside steel bars when lighting.

(3) Strong power Intrusion Detection

As surrounding environment of external cable is more complex and cable insulation could be aging, power lines may be touched at any time and high voltage affects, which have serious hidden dangers to production safety.

Strong power Intrusion Detection System has the functions of monitoring the frequency intrusion, alarm, breaking out of signal line and trunk cables and curve and intelligent analysis, etc. It can be used to prevent and very early find hidden dangers.

(4) Access Control Management System

Access Control Management System is an intelligent electronic security systems and its main function is to control the entrance and exit of the engine room. Not only can it replace the traditional key entry and manual registration, but also is a diversified management tools. It can easily control the staff access and time to different regions and record their staff access situation to provide rigorous and informative data for management. It can effectively protect the control room from all illegal property infringement, and maintain regional normal working order

Through background management software the access could be real-time controlled and managed, and the access control parameters could be changed real-time to manage the user's time and space. The door was replaced by a regulator, will be submitted to the controller, alarm management background, and record their contents. In addition to the management system can monitor the condition of these doors, but also can directly remote control these door opening and closing. When there is an agreement to events (such as fire) occurs, the front-end controller will be linked lock, the closure of fire doors. All safe passage could be opened at the same

time

For secret rooms or important rooms, it also could increase multiple certification, image contrast and system interaction based on networking Access Control System. At the monitor, control, and identification of high security areas, surveillance cameras, long-range communications equipment or other access monitoring devices could be installed. They will be monitored from a central control room, processed by multi-tasking computer, remote monitoring, all the corridors locations, access people and access time will be controlled real-time or program control. Access control can also work with monitoring system and monitoring computer to implement access image contrast. All activities will be recorded by printer or computer, which can provide all detailed operation records for management.

5. System Reliability

Monitoring System is a number of modules in series, parallel, redundant means. First, we must improve the reliability of its various components to improve the reliability, but also optimize design of the system.

The basic approach to improve the reliability of the system components should be considered from enhancing reliability and improving module reliability and system reliability to the network. Special monitoring software reliability while improving the reliability of the system is an important element

The basic approaches to improve the reliability of the system are as follows:

1. Aging component choosing, aging handling and demotion

2. Module, power supply, shielded, preventing electromagnetic interference, grounding design

3. The use of distributed network designed, providing reliable communication support, reliability prediction, take reliability distribution, improving self-functional systems, and fault-tolerant and redundancy design.

4. The use of large network systems software platform, modular design of the structure, real-time multi-task operating system software to ensure the controlling reliability.

After dynamic environmental monitoring system is built, to guarantee high reliability, in testing, the system must also be within the strict parameters of the test and the poor or reliability of the parameters should be adjusted to the extent possible, qualified. Also the reliability requirement of system design and module functional design should be seriously considered. In routine maintenance, the monitoring system should be tested periodically in accordance with the technical specifications and

adjusted in accordance with the testing results in good time. Meanwhile, to provide a good working environment is to ensure high reliability system. The engine room of security is the basic guarantee system reliability. Various monitored targets are located in the engine room, and control room would cause the whole insecurity unsafe.