特定电解液结晶点测试实验报告

时间：2024.5.2

特定电解液结晶点实验报告

实验目的：测定特定电解液结晶点。

实验仪器及试剂：高低温试验箱、手套箱、250ml锥形瓶、电子天平，磁力搅拌

器，EC，DEC,VC，PS，LiPF6

实验过程：1、配制特定电解液：按配方比例配置三合液（EC：DEC=1：1）。

2、将三合液降温至-9℃ ，此过程中EC不断结晶析出。

3、待温度降低至-9℃时缓慢加锂盐125g，此过程中部分EC会溶解。

4、加完锂盐后在-9℃条件下用磁力搅拌器搅拌30min，仍有大量EC

未溶解。然后停止冷冻，持续搅拌至EC全部溶解。

5、EC全部溶解后按配方比例加入添加剂（VC：1%，PS：3%，添加剂

A）

6、取适量电解液于一次性杯子中放入高低温试验箱中，以2℃为温

度梯度，在每个温度下保持2h，从0℃降温至-20℃都没有出现结

晶。但是常温放置一夜后会出现少许晶体，和絮状不溶物。

7、取适量电解液于锥形瓶中，置于高低温试验箱中，在-40℃保持

3h，开始出现结晶。常温放置一夜后未出现晶体和不溶物。然后

倒入一次性杯子中，常温放置一天后出现晶体和不溶物。

8、将出现晶体和不溶物的电解液，加入适量DMC搅拌，晶体溶解而

絮状不溶物依然不容。

结论：1、此电解液结晶点在-40℃左右。

2、实验过程中出现的结晶和絮状不溶物可能和DEC的挥发有关系。

第二篇：工程测试实验报告

实验一:测试实验

噪声测量及声频分析界面设计

1. 实验目的-----------------------------------------------3

2. 实验原理-----------------------------------------------3

3. 实验内容及设计过程-------------------------------------3

4. M代码及其注释------------------------------------------3

5. Simulink模型-------------------------------------------6

6. C语言代码及注释----------------------------------------7

7. 实验结果----------------------------------------------14

实验二：球杆定位控制系统实验

1. 机械建模分析------------------------------------------16

2. 实验步骤----------------------------------------------16

3. 实验内容及结果----------------------------------------17

总结：

1. 收获与心得体会----------------------------------------31

2. 分工--------------------------------------------------32

实验一测试部分

1. 实验目的：

a. 掌握用matlab编程，绘制采样数据所得图形，并进行图形分析。

b. 自学matlab编程语言，提升自主学习能力，感受研究生工作。

2. 实验原理：

a. 通过噪声采集卡采集到噪声信号，将噪声信号传送到我们所编好的界面上显示出来，并进行噪声信号频率处理，由幅值—时间坐标系转变为幅值—频率坐标系，得到频率图后通过低通滤波得到有效信号再次转换为幅值—时间信号显示在界面上。

b. 通过上述步骤得到的处理后的信号，我们可以通过计算得到噪声信号的关于频率、幅值、有效值等信息并显示在界面上提供给使用者。

3. 实验内容及设计过程：

a. 通过自学matlab基本操作和调试掌握指令窗运行入门、控制指令窗的指令和操作、数值数组及其运算、matlab控制流、M文件入门、调试器应用示例。

b. 根据噪声测量及声频分析界面特点初步进行数据的可视化和界面设计，依次进行绘图命令、二维曲线绘图的基本操作、句柄图形和界面、属性查询和设置、控制制作以及静态文本框、滑动键、检录框等一系列操作。

c. 参考实验指导书并根据噪声测量及声频分析界面特点，我们确定噪声信号以及噪声频域分析两个框图大小及位置，设置采集、停止和滤波三个按键。按下采集键时噪声采集卡开始采集数据并将数据传送到介面中显示出来；按下停止键，噪声采集卡停止采集噪声信号，噪声信号框图中的噪声波形固定，噪声频域分析框图显示出进行频域转换后的噪声信号并按照合适的波形大小显示在图框中；按下滤波键，将得到的噪声频域分析图进行滤波处理得到除去高频噪声后的声音信号，并将声音信号重新转换为幅值—时域信号显示在弹出的另一个框图中。

d. 学习simulink动态仿真，掌握simulink模块的数学描述及仿真过程、创建简单模型、进行simulink基本操作、得到simulink子系统创建及封装、构造微分方程求解模型以及多速率离散时间系统。

e. 进行噪声数据采集程序设计，在了解s-function的回调方法及几个主要子函数的基础上编写c语言的s函数---利用s-function模板创建DLL。编写输入输出设置及采集编程将采集到的噪声信号传送到框图中输出。

4. M代码及其注释：

M代码主程序：

clf reset%清楚图形窗口

set(gcf,'menubar','none'); %除去图形窗口菜单栏

set(gcf,'unit','normalized','position',[0.28,0.15,0.70,0.68]); %设置图形界面的位置和大小

set(gcf,'defaultuicontrolhorizontal','left'); %设置用户缺省控件单位位置属性

set(gcf,'defaultuicontrolunits','normalized');%设置用户缺省控件单位属性值

set(gcf,'defaultuicontrolfontsize',14); %设置用户缺省控件字体大小

set(gcf,'defaultuicontrolfontname','隶书');%设置用户缺省控件字体属性

str='噪声测量与声频分析'; %界面标题

set(gcf,'name',str,'numbertitle','off');%书写图形窗名

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

h_axes1=axes('position',[0.05,0.59,0.52,0.32]);%创建“噪声信号”坐标轴

htitle1=title('噪声信号');%坐标轴命名

h_axes2=axes('position',[0.05,0.16,0.52,0.32]);%创建“噪声噪声频域”坐标轴

htitle2=title('噪声频域分析');%坐标轴命名

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

ht1=uicontrol(gcf,'style','toggle','string','Grid',...%制作“栅格”双位按键

'position',[0.65,0.78,0.07,0.12],'fontsize',15,'backgroundcolor',[0.70,0.78,1]);%设置坐标“分格”双位按键属性

set(ht1,'callback','t1_Callback(h_axes1,h_axes2)');%按钮引起回调

ht2=uicontrol(gcf,'style','toggle','string','Box',...%制作双位按键

'position',[0.65,0.66,0.07,0.12],'fontsize',15,'backgroundcolor',[0.70,0.78,1]);%设置双位按键属性

set(ht2,'callback','t2_Callback(h_axes1,h_axes2)');%按钮引起回调

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

h_push1=uicontrol(gcf,'style','push',...

'position',[0.72,0.78,0.19,0.12],'string','采集',...%制作“采集”按钮

'backgroundcolor',[0.75,0.86,0.77],'foregroundcolor',[0.1,0.6,0.5],'fontsize',24);%设置停止“开始”按钮属性

set(h_push1,'callback',[... %让我们前建立的mylove1.mdl文件运行

'set_param(''mylove1'',''SimulationCommand'',''start''),',...

't=timer(''TimerFcn'',''getdata'',''Period'',0.5,''ExecutionMode'',''fixedSpacing'',''TasksToExecute'',inf),',...%设置定时器，运行getdata文件

'pause(2);start(t);',...%暂停2秒并启动定时器

]);%按键引起的回调

h_push2=uicontrol(gcf,'style','push',...

'position',[0.72,0.66,0.19,0.12],'string','停止',...%制作“停止”按钮

'backgroundcolor',[0.72,0.73,0.95],'foregroundcolor',[1,0,0]','fontsize',24);%设置“停止”按钮属性

set(h_push2,'callback','stop(t);set_param(''mylove1'',''simulationcommand'',''stop'');');%mylove.mdl文件停止运行

h_push3=uicontrol(gcf,'style','push',...

'position',[0.65,0.38,0.26,0.10],'string','滤波',...%制作“滤波”按钮

'backgroundcolor',[0.50,0.68,0.88],'foregroundcolor',[0,1,1],'fontsize',24);%设置“滤波”按钮属性

set(h_push3,'callback','push3_Callback()');%按钮引起回调

Getdata.m

set_param('mylove1','SimulationCommand','stop');%mdl文件运行

y1=evalin('base','ydata.signals.values');

axes(h_axes1);

plot(y1(1:500)),htitle1=title('噪声信号');%在第一个波形中绘制波形1

set_param('mylove1','SimulationCommand','start');%mdl文件运行

%以下是频谱分析

N=1024;

P=fft(y1,N);%快速傅里叶变换

Pyy=2*sqrt(P.*conj(P))/N;%求频谱幅值

axes(h_axes2); %在图形窗口中第二坐标中绘图

Fs=5000; %设置频率

f=linspace(0,Fs/2,N/2); %求频谱频率

plot(f,Pyy(1:N/2)),htitle2=title('噪声频域分析');%在第二个波形图中绘制频谱波形

t1_Callback.m  %坐标“栅格”子程序
function t1_Callback(h_axes1,h_axes2)')
  axes(h_axes1); %调用坐标系1
  Grid     %坐标系1画“栅格”
  axes(h_axes2); %调用坐标系2
  Grid     %坐标系2画“栅格”
end%子程序结束

t2_Callback.m  %坐标轴“分格”子程序
function t2_Callback(h_axes1,h_axes2)')
  axes(h_axes1); %调用坐标系1
   Box    %坐标系1画“分格”
  axes(h_axes2); %调用坐标系2
  Box     %坐标系2画“分格”
end%子程序结束

push3_Callback.m

function push3_Callback()

y1=evalin('base','ydata.signals.values');%获取信号

Ft=8000;%设置滤波器参数

Fp=800;%设置滤波器参数

Fs=5000;%设置滤波器参数

wp=2*pi*Fp/Ft;%设置滤波器参数

ws=2*pi*Fs/Ft;%设置滤波器参数

[n11,wn11]=buttord(wp,ws,1,50,'s'); %求低通滤波器的阶数和截止频率

[b11,a11]=butter(n11,wn11,'s'); %求S域的频率响应的参数

[num11,den11]=bilinear(b11,a11,0.5); %利用双线性变换实现频率响应S域到Z域的变换

z11=filter(num11,den11,y1);

N=1024;

P=fft(z11,N);%求滤波后的信号快速傅里叶变换

m11=12*sqrt(P.*conj(P))/N; %求滤波后频谱

f=linspace(0,Fs/2,N/2); %求频谱频率

figure(2); %新建图框

str='滤波后图像'; %界面标题

set(gcf,'name',str,'numbertitle','off');%书写图形窗名

subplot(2,1,1);plot(z11);title('滤波后的信号波形');%绘制波形图

subplot(2,1,2);plot(f,m11(1:N/2),'r');title('滤波后信号的频谱');%绘制频谱

end%子程序结束

5. simulink模型

6. c语言代码及注释

mylove.cpp

* sfuntmpl_basic.c: Basic 'C' template for a level 2 S-function.

* -------------------------------------------------------------------------

* | See matlabroot/simulink/src/sfuntmpl_doc.c for a more detailed template |

* -------------------------------------------------------------------------

* $Revision: 1.27 $

* You must specify the S_FUNCTION_NAME as the name of your S-function

* (i.e. replace sfuntmpl_basic with the name of your S-function).

#define S_FUNCTION_NAME Mylove

#define S_FUNCTION_LEVEL 2

* Need to include simstruc.h for the definition of the SimStruct and

* its associated macro definitions.

#include "simstruc.h"

#include "abc.h" /*添加头文件*/

double buffer[5000]; /*定义全局变量*/

double buffer1[5000];

int pnum;

char ch[8];

/* Error handling

* --------------

* You should use the following technique to report errors encountered within

* an S-function:

* ssSetErrorStatus(S,"Error encountered due to ...");

* return;

* Note that the 2nd argument to ssSetErrorStatus must be persistent memory.

* It cannot be a local variable. For example the following will cause

* unpredictable errors:

* mdlOutputs()

* {

* char msg[256]; {ILLEGAL: to fix use "static char msg[256];"}

* sprintf(msg,"Error due to %s", string);

* ssSetErrorStatus(S,msg);

* return;

* }

* See matlabroot/simulink/src/sfuntmpl_doc.c for more details.

/*====================*

* S-function methods *

*====================*/

/* Function: mdlInitializeSizes ===============================================

* Abstract:

* The sizes information is used by Simulink to determine the S-function

* block's characteristics (number of inputs, outputs, states, etc.).

static void mdlInitializeSizes(SimStruct *S)

{

/* See sfuntmpl_doc.c for more details on the macros below */

ssSetNumSFcnParams(S, 0); /* Number of expected parameters */

if (ssGetNumSFcnParams(S) != ssGetSFcnParamsCount(S)) {

/* Return if number of expected != number of actual parameters */

return;

}

ssSetNumContStates(S, 0);

ssSetNumDiscStates(S, 0);

if (!ssSetNumInputPorts(S, 3)) return;

ssSetInputPortWidth(S, 0, 1);

ssSetInputPortRequiredContiguous(S, 0, true); /*direct input signal access*/

ssSetInputPortWidth(S, 1, 1);

ssSetInputPortRequiredContiguous(S, 1, true); /*direct input signal access*/

ssSetInputPortWidth(S, 2, 1);

ssSetInputPortRequiredContiguous(S, 2, true); /*direct input signal access*/

* Set direct feedthrough flag (1=yes, 0=no).

* A port has direct feedthrough if the input is used in either

* the mdlOutputs or mdlGetTimeOfNextVarHit functions.

* See matlabroot/simulink/src/sfuntmpl_directfeed.txt.

ssSetInputPortDirectFeedThrough(S, 0, 1);

ssSetInputPortDirectFeedThrough(S, 1, 1);

ssSetInputPortDirectFeedThrough(S, 2, 1);

if (!ssSetNumOutputPorts(S, 1)) return;

ssSetOutputPortWidth(S, 0, 1);

ssSetNumSampleTimes(S, 1);

ssSetNumRWork(S, 0);

ssSetNumIWork(S, 0);

ssSetNumPWork(S, 0);

ssSetNumModes(S, 0);

ssSetNumNonsampledZCs(S, 0);

ssSetOptions(S, 0);

}

/* Function: mdlInitializeSampleTimes =========================================

* Abstract:

* This function is used to specify the sample time(s) for your

* S-function. You must register the same number of sample times as

* specified in ssSetNumSampleTimes.

static void mdlInitializeSampleTimes(SimStruct *S)

{

ssSetSampleTime(S, 0, CONTINUOUS_SAMPLE_TIME);

ssSetOffsetTime(S, 0, 0.0);

}

#define MDL_INITIALIZE_CONDITIONS /* Change to #undef to remove function */

#if defined(MDL_INITIALIZE_CONDITIONS)

/* Function: mdlInitializeConditions ========================================

* Abstract:

* In this function, you should initialize the continuous and discrete

* states for your S-function block. The initial states are placed

* in the state vector, ssGetContStates(S) or ssGetRealDiscStates(S).

* You can also perform any other initialization activities that your

* S-function may require. Note, this routine will be called at the

* start of simulation and if it is present in an enabled subsystem

* configured to reset states, it will be call when the enabled subsystem

* restarts execution to reset the states.

static void mdlInitializeConditions(SimStruct *S)

{

}

#endif /* MDL_INITIALIZE_CONDITIONS */

#define MDL_START /* Change to #undef to remove function */

#if defined(MDL_START)

/* Function: mdlStart =======================================================

* Abstract:

* This function is called once at start of model execution. If you

* have states that should be initialized once, this is the place

* to do it.

static void mdlStart(SimStruct *S) /*添加采集卡初始化及开启采集任务*/

{

if(ADCardInit()!=1)

{

ssSetErrorStatus(S,"Can't find the DAQCard!");

}

DAQ1(0x10,5000,1024*4,buffer); /*开启采集*/

pnum=0; /*初始化buf指针位置*/

}

#endif /* MDL_START */

/* Function: mdlOutputs =======================================================

* Abstract:

* In this function, you compute the outputs of your S-function

* block. Generally outputs are placed in the output vector, ssGetY(S).

static void mdlOutputs(SimStruct *S, int_T tid)

{

int Length=1024*4; /*读取的buffer长度*/

ReadDaq(5,Length,buffer); /*从采集卡读取buffer*/

real_T *y = ssGetOutputPortRealSignal(S,0);/*获取输出指针*/

if (pnum>=Length) pnum=0; /*判断指针是否已满*/

*y=buffer[pnum]; /*输出第pnum个点的值*/

pnum++; /*指针加1*/

}

#define MDL_UPDATE /* Change to #undef to remove function */

#if defined(MDL_UPDATE)

/* Function: mdlUpdate ======================================================

* Abstract:

* This function is called once for every major integration time step.

* Discrete states are typically updated here, but this function is useful

* for performing any tasks that should only take place once per

* integration step.

static void mdlUpdate(SimStruct *S, int_T tid)

{

}

#endif /* MDL_UPDATE */

#define MDL_DERIVATIVES /* Change to #undef to remove function */

#if defined(MDL_DERIVATIVES)

/* Function: mdlDerivatives =================================================

* Abstract:

* In this function, you compute the S-function block's derivatives.

* The derivatives are placed in the derivative vector, ssGetdX(S).

static void mdlDerivatives(SimStruct *S)

{

}

#endif /* MDL_DERIVATIVES */

/* Function: mdlTerminate =====================================================

* Abstract:

* In this function, you should perform any actions that are necessary

* at the termination of a simulation. For example, if memory was

* allocated in mdlStart, this is the place to free it.

static void mdlTerminate(SimStruct *S)

{

ADCardQuit();

} /*退出采集卡*/

/*======================================================*

* See sfuntmpl_doc.c for the optional S-function methods *

*======================================================*/

/*=============================*

* Required S-function trailer *

*=============================*/

#ifdef MATLAB_MEX_FILE /* Is this file being compiled as a MEX-file? */

#include "simulink.c" /* MEX-file interface mechanism */

#else

#include "cg_sfun.h" /* Code generation registration function */

#endif

abc.cpp

#define CHANNEL1 0x01

#define CHANNEL2 0x02

#define CHANNEL3 0x04

#define CHANNEL4 0x08

#define CHANNEL5 0x10

#define CHANNEL6 0x20

#define CHANNEL7 0x40

#define CHANNEL8 0x80

#pragma comment(lib, "DRVIAPI.lib")

extern "C" _declspec(dllimport) int Add(int a,int b);

extern "C" _declspec(dllimport) int ADCardInit(void);

extern "C" _declspec(dllimport) int Daq(unsigned char Channel, //???ù?¨??

unsigned int Frequency,

unsigned short Length,

int Num,

double* wave0 = NULL,

double* wave1 = NULL,

double* wave2 = NULL,

double* wave3 = NULL,

double* wave4 = NULL,

double* wave5 = NULL,

double* wave6 = NULL,

double* wave7 = NULL);