中州大学外国语学院
学生毕业论文
Title/论文题目:On The Differences Between North And South In China
Name / 姓 名: ____________ _
Number / 学 号: ____________
Major / 专 业:旅游英语________________
Grade/年级班级:
Tutor/指导教师:和伟_____________
Date / 日 期:2013.12.14_________ __ _
中州大学外国语学院
毕业论文任务书
Title/论文题目:On The Differences Between North And South In China
Name / 姓 名: _________________ __
Number / 学 号: _______________ _
Major / 专 业:旅游英语__________________ _
Grade/年级班级:
Tutor/指导教师:和伟_________________
Date / 日 期:2013.12.14__________ _
一、论文主要要求：
学生可根据自己所学专业，按学院所提供各专业论文参考选题确定题目，也可自选题目，自选题目必须报指导教师，征得同意后方可开题。原则上学生不得跨专业选题。
1、用英文写作，3000词以上。
2、论文为Word形式打印稿，A4纸型，单倍行距。英文用Times New Roman字体，中文用宋体字。大标题为3号字加黑，小标题为4号字加黑，正文、注释与参考文献为5号字。论文封面格式按学院要求统一设计。
3、论文包括：
4、1) 标题 (title)
2) 作者署名 (name of the author and tutor)
3) 摘要 (abstract)（150—200词，中英文均要）
4) 关键词 (key words)（中英文均要）
5) 正文 (body)
6) 致谢（acknowledgements）
7）参考文献 (bibliography)
5、按以上格式用A4纸打印装订，按规定时间上交。
6、严禁从网上下载或抄袭，否则以不及格论处。
二、进度安排：
1. 确定选题 第10 周 （20##年11月 4日——11月10日）
2. 论文提纲 第11 周 （20##年11月11日——11月17日）
3. 完成初稿 第12--14周 （20##年11月18日——12月 8日）
4. 完成定稿 第15周 （20##年12月 9日——12月15日）
5. 上交论文 第16周 （20##年12月16日——12月18日）
三、毕业设计（论文）题目（来源、类型） A,X
四、毕业设计（论文）内容（包括：目标、任务、途径、方法、成果形式）：
（英文）North and the south of China cultural difference is the pride of the Chinese civilization, Chinese civilization cultural differences between south and the north to the most obvious cultural differences, and north and the cultural differences include climate, culture, transportation, language, diet, architecture and so on aspects of the differences, these differences has produced extensive and profound Chinese civilization, the north and the south people according to their own hometown of cultural value, cultural creation and tourism culture is one of the big show, people want to feel the north in the south of rapid and generous, scene atmosphere and not stick to one pattern, the north's people want to feel again the southern people's exquisite and wen wan, exquisite picture, so how to grasp the good cultural differences is the key of the Chinese tour guide, the north and the south following the guide how to grasp the cultural differences and differences of China's north and south culture to make a detailed inquiry.
(中文)中国南北方文化差异是中华文明的骄傲，中国文明文化差异以南北方文化差异最为明显，而南北方文化差异又包含气候，文化，交通，语言，饮食，建筑等等方面的差异，这些差异造就了博大精深的中华文明，南北方的人们会根据自己家乡的文化创造文化价值，而旅游文化就是其中一大体现，南方的人民想要感受北方的粗狂与豪爽，景致的大气与不拘一格，北方的人们又想感受南方人民的细腻与温婉，精致的景象，所以如何把握好南北方文化的差异是中国导游的重点，下面就导游如何把握文化差异以及中国南北方文化的具体差异做出详细的探究
附论文提纲:
Abstract (English)
Abstract (Chinese)
Ⅰ.Introduction
Ⅱ.What is the cultural difference?
Ⅲ. The origin of the civilization
Ⅳ.The cultural difference between south and north
4.1The difference of climate
4.2Industrial differences
4.3Industrial differences
4.4Architectural differences
4.5language differences
4.6Differences in diet
4.7. The physical difference
4.8. The people difference
Ⅴ.The civil cultural difference
Ⅵ.The guide how to grasp the cultural differences
Ⅶ.The conclusion
五、主要参考文献：
1. English tour guide，纪春，裴松青，旅游教育出版社，2008
2. Success for service，梁杰，中国旅游出版社，2006
指导教师审批意见：
审批人签名：
日期：
备注： （1）来源：A—教师拟订；B—学生建议；C—企业和社会征集；D—实习单位提供
（2）类型：X—真实课题；Y—模拟课题；Z—虚拟课题
中州大学外国语学院
毕业论文指导书
Title/题目：On The Differences Between South And North In China
Name / 姓 名： ________ ___
Number / 学 号_____ ____
Major / 专 业：旅游英语_________ _____
Grade/年级班级
Tutor/指导教师：和伟_______
Date / 日 期：2013.12.14___ ______
指导过程记录表 / Process Records
中州大学外国语学院毕业论文成绩评定表
Contents
Abstract…………………………………………………………1
中文摘要……………………………………………………….1
Ⅰ.Introduction……………………………………………….....2
Ⅱ.What is the cultural difference? …………………………………..3
Ⅲ. The origin of the civilization………………………………………3
Ⅳ.The cultural difference between south and north ………………4
4.1The difference of climate……………………………………………4
4.2Industrial differences………………………………………………..4
4.3Industrial differences……………………………………………..…5
4.4Architectural differences……………………………………………5
4.5language differences…………………………………………………6
4.6Differences in diet…………………………………………………...6
4.7. The physical difference……………………………………………6
4.8. The people difference…………………………………………….7
Ⅴ.The civil cultural difference………………………………………8
Ⅵ.The guide how to grasp the cultural differences…………………9
Ⅶ.The conclusion……………………………………………..9
Bibliography……………………………………………………………10
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………10
摘要
中国南北方文化差异是中华文明的骄傲，中国文明文化差异以南北方文化差异最为明显，而南北方文化差异又包含气候，文化，交通，语言，饮食，建筑等等方面的差异，这些差异造就了博大精深的中华文明，南北方的人们会根据自己家乡的文化创造文化价值，而旅游文化就是其中一大体现，南方的人民想要感受北方的粗狂与豪爽，景致的大气与不拘一格，北方的人们又想感受南方人民的细腻与温婉，精致的景象，所以如何把握好南北方文化的差异是中国导游的重点，下面就导游如何把握文化差异以及中国南北方文化的具体差异做出详细的探究。
关键词：文化差异； 文明；导游
Abstract
North and the south of China cultural difference is the pride of the Chinese civilization. Chinese civilization cultural differences between south and the north to the most obvious cultural difference and north and the cultural differences include climate, culture, transportation, language, diet, architecture and so on aspects of the differences, these differences has produced extensive and profound Chinese civilization, the north and the south people according to their own hometown of cultural value, cultural creation and tourism culture is one of the big show, people want to feel the north in the south of rapid and generous, scene atmosphere and not stick to one
pattern, the north's people want to feel again the southern people's exquisite and wan, exquisite picture, so how to grasp the good cultural differences is the key of the Chinese tour guide, the north and the south following the guide how to grasp the cultural differences and differences of China's north and south culture to make a detailed inquiry.
Key Words：cultural difference ;civilization ; tour guide
ⅠIntroduction
Broad and profound Chinese culture is the pride of the Chinese people, and the differences of the Chinese culture and the benefit of the tens of millions of people, the climate of north and south culture industry transportation agriculture distinctive food culture differences. The tour guide should be according to the north and the cultural differences between the appropriate adjustment to the south and the north's commentaries on people. Let me between the north and the cultural differences and guides how to grasp the cultural differences as the following instructions.
ⅡWhat is the cultural difference?
Hofstadter makes such a definition of culture: the so-called "culture", is in the same environment in the people's "collective mental programming". Therefore, the culture is not an individual character, but many people have the same social experience, have the same education shared by. Different groups, people of different countries or regions, the common psychology program is different, because they are always affected by the different education, have different social and work, which also has a different way of thinking. Cultural difference is due to regional similarities and differences, differences in cultural similarities and differences characteristic of people from all regions.
Ⅲ The origin of the civilization
Ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient India, ancient China's four great ancient civilizations, all through the map can be found that they are in the temperate zones, this is not an accident, because the labor required to maintain a certain number of person's life, in the cold region is the largest, minimum in the place where the climate is hot, so at the beginning of the cultural development, the north to civilization. In Marx's "das capitals", said: "the natural conditions in the economy can be divided into two broad categories: life information of natural wealth of labor resources of natural wealth. At the beginning of the culture, the first kind of fauna decisive significance, at a higher stage of development, the second category of fauna has decisive meaning." In the northern hemisphere mid-latitude areas, the first kind of fauna space configuration and combination is very superior, thus representing the world's oldest civilization in this generation.
Lout Gollum "the history of the seer," wrote: "every nation has its special natural environment cannot leave. The environment is in many ways to give great influence to the nation. A single climate, for example in Russia out of place, people always feel the natural environment of oppression, stasis in the heart, the result is the formation of the intrepid Yangzi nationality. Maybe because when at the age of dormant, sitting in a room to Muse, from the hearth of gossip, many devices easy to play copy. Not in India, at the age of heat, energy to evaporate, people sleeping rough, then stars, close to the Ganges, the birth and death and feel uncertain, small life, so the universe worship of Hindu and Buddhist thoughts. China's climate is temperate, the Yellow River culture has the plain greats, and as for the Yangtze river basin. Temperate climate, not hot cold, so develop trend and national character, and thought was easily developed." Therefore, the doctrine of the mean thought is the essence of Chinese culture, however, in the vast north and south in China have very different two kinds of culture, they constitute the Chinese traditional culture. China is bounded with the Yangtze river, the south north of the Yangtze river belong to the culture in the north, south of the Yangtze river belongs to the southern culture, the cultural differences, divided into north and south, personality differences between the north and the south diet differences, north-south differences of art, the south north and south dialect differences, building.
Personality differences between the north living conditions, people's state of mind will be used for as far as possible and natural struggle, and struggle for life. So they thought is a single, simple, direct, or pure silly, thinking at a straight line, don't beat around the bush. Because in front of nature, one is one, two is two. So the northerners accustomed to simple thinking and hard life, they are tall, rugged tough, sex mania aggressive, thought is conservative, progress is ChiRan must keep inches, not easily lost.
ⅣThe cultural difference between south and north
4.1The difference of climate
The south the North politics from look on the whole, Chinese northern military, political activity, the economy developed culture. The North has always been the political center of China, Qin, Han, Tang Changing (present-day Xi'an), Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty Capital in Beijing, after the founding of new China, Beijing is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, the more determined the north in the national political status. In modern times, the western science and culture from the first Chine sea southeast coastal afferent, promote the rapid development of economy of the south, making the south in economy and culture advantages to strengthen. Thus "the North official business," the south, the two words can reflect the different political, economic and psychology.
4.2Industrial differences
North South light due to the impact of resource and location and other factors, China industrial layout with geographical features of North South light, namely China northern dominated by heavy industry, light industry is relatively developed in South china. The main reason for this phenomenon is: the mineral resources China northern coal, oil, iron ore and other rich, thus gradually form an industrial structure in mining, metallurgy, machinery and other heavy industry. The southeast coastal area and resource poor, but convenient traffic, abundant capital and technology, so they avoid weaknesses, the development of raw material, fuel consumption of industrial type, so the light industry is relatively developed.
4.3Industrial differences
South North horse Chinese ancient mode of transportation is by boat south, north to the horse. The reason is that the South humid climate, abundant rainfall, surface dense river network, so as to adapt to the "shipping water" will emerge as the times require. While the northern arid, semi-arid climate, pasture wide cloth, animal husbandry developed, in addition to meat and dairy products with horses, and with its good endurance, speed and the northern people's domestication means, become the northern land transportation.
4.4Architectural differences
The southern tip of South North Peiping and open letter China residents roof slope from south to north is slowed down gradually. The South roof high tip, the reason is the annual precipitation south of the big, climate and hot, high and sharp roof is conducive to the drainage, but also beneficial for ventilation and heat dissipation. The North due to less precipitation, so the roof built flat, which not only saves building materials, can also be used as a place of drying crops. In addition, China South Garden building, light and slender, exquisitely carved, inner and outer space coherence, hierarchy, the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou is the typical representative. Northern landscape architecture is gentle rigorous, robust and well-defined, inner and outer space. Chinese famous garden experts Chen Congzhou concluded: "the south to shed, multi exposure. The northern fosse, closed." Visible, the adaptation to the environment, comfortable living, South Building and pay attention to ventilation, North Building for thermal insulation.
4.5language differences
Geographic differences China language south numerous Qi in the South fan Qi, namely southern language complex, northern language is single. The vast area of North China belongs to the northern dialect area, from Harbin to Kunming straight-line distance of 3000 km, the two languages are different, but the call, communication is not much obstacles. And the south, even in the same dialect area, such as Min dialect area, also in Fuzhou, Xiamen dialect, Putian dialect words, the words of each other, differ greatly, even don't understand. The formation of these languages and the geographical environment is a certain relationship. A China northern flat plateau and plain, convenient transport links, people contacts, exchange opportunities, with each other, so the language difference. Two southern hilly mountainous, rugged terrain, blocking traffic, is not conducive to people exchanges, in the course of time, they formed the local dialect "".
4.6Differences in diet
North South m North South Chinese different eating habits. Southerners love Steamed Rice, northerners like pasta, actually this and agricultural production structure in North and South difference. Farmland climate high temperature and rainy, China south in the paddy fields, so the local farmers plant growth habit suit one's measures to local conditions like high temperature and wet rice. And China northern less precipitation, the temperature is low, cultivated land is dry, suitable for hi dry hardy wheat growth. The so-called "for what eat what", if things go on like this, they formed the North South m eating habits.
4.7 The physical difference
Biological characteristics of North High South low population, people in South Chinese dwarf, north high. According to statistics, the average height of men Chinese northeast, North China area is 1.693 meters, the Yunnan Gui Zhou Sichuan area is 1.647 meters. From the difference in temperature between the north and south, the southern climate is burning hot, the human body The new supersedes the old. Faster, reproductive organ development fast, early maturity, short life cycle, the stature is not high. While the north because of the cold climate, affected the enzyme activity in vivo, the new supersedes the old. slow, long life cycle; coupled with the long and cold winter, people's outdoor activities, nutrient accumulation, so long "tall" and some.
4.8. The people difference
The northern men and southern men watched the civil cultural differences Northern man stupid big roughness angular, as if the creator had distracted forget fine polishing; Southern man more slender clue turn round living spirit, as if the creator of find the scenery pleasing to both the inspiration struck proud sketch. Because of the creator in the clouds, the overload of heaven and earth Jiao Tung atmosphere immersed the northern men, therefore dynasties accomplished the founding monarch is the northern men, SJMS searches and mystery of division is the northern men, more force to pull yong princes and many of the armed forces are from the north mountain men. May be too much adhering to the natural gas, the creator of the three hundred and sixty line, line of top is southern man more, while in reading is coquettish, Suzhou waxen Qing once only 267 out of the top 15.
Liquor is a mainstay of the catering industry in the north, the north man in fixing, southern man lightweight. Tea for the south, home southern man more tea classics, laugh the northern men pediatrician.
Wine is shown on the north man wu song, heroism dry cloud, I call you drink you don't drink! You are drunk you true friend who meet wine in the future he will charge for you. Southern man feasting and assorted wines ready, follow one's inclinations, let a guest need, like food to the guests in front, also vomiting-inducing toasts, but I don't like vomiting-inducing toasts in drunk. You're drunk his home he was also not happy for you to stay at a respectful distance from sb.
The north man nothing also have something to drink alcohol, drink leisurely everything but this is a big, want to do things need to sober up before suddenly look back. For safe drinking the north man duties to often go to extremes, either welcome particularly brilliant, or let the startling consequences might bring about troubles absurd. Southern man have refused to drink, nothing more don't drink, not even to do not drink even with northern man with drink to drunk and never forgot their mission
ⅤThe civil cultural differences
Southern living condition is good, the mind of the people in the life needs at the same time there will be a large number of surplus, so they will be on their own and natural meditation practice, and the arts, literature, interpersonal relations, social relations get rapid development in the south, they gradually formed the habit of curve thinking, implicative euphemism, do things to consider their own situations will also consider what other people think, so proficient in accident, mind is developed, relative, southerners used to ease, and rest, the body Recue degradation, sexual Wendi and, more open, but keen senses, fear of death.
Where lug sun once said: "the advantage of northerners is thick, but the disadvantages of heavy also foolish; south of advantage is clever, but a clever cons are cunning." Between the north and south "personality, inevitable conflict, friction, who lived in ages past, the north south more than winning micro, over time, develop a woman. she, indifference, leonel goody striding, they think it is masculine, work fast and simple, despise the southern man weak, no men's masculine side, grinding pumping when talking or doing things; Southerners despise the northerners, same think northerners have no culture, rude, a gentleman should be taken not to start work.
Northerners and south on the character of different diet differences also accomplishes the north and the diet culture differences. Northerners eat noodles, southern people eat rice; Northerners like large pieces of meat, the south people to cut the meat thin, simmer the rotten rotten, sauté tender; Northerners love drink, even in the winter to drink cold beer, south to hot only lukewarm wine, even drink boiled out of the "yellow"; South people love eating leaves s food, a few days can't don't eat the toilet, northerners doesn't matter, light meat also does not affect; Northerners love to eat dumpling, the south people like chaos,dmplings with vinegar dip dip in line, a a, complete Hun to stew soup bowl, condiments, bite bite only half; The south people like to eat Onions, northerners like to eat garlic; Southern people eat pickles, northerners eat pickles; Southern people eat chili to gushy, northerners eat chili to cold, south is salty, spicy, between, sweet spicy, northerners are dry, hot, hot and sour; Northerners eat read into "chi", every time just eat, south people call for a "seven", name call "food", "just", called "choke", called "clip", called "plug", the south people also called tea tea; South people eat all kinds of tea, northerners only drink scented tea is enough, think jasmine tea was sweet and strong, but it's the flowers instead of tea, northerners do not appreciate the real products in tea, longing, "biluochun", because is very weak, for example to fine sip slowly chewing just seems to have a sort of taste, is not fit to go.
Art differences act in an opera in the north to watch, some operas was simply is "roar", such as "win. Act in an opera in southern cadence, contains many types and similar to folk songs, such as hangman opera. North play kung fu, fit for Kings and princes, historical play. Najd play with little emotional appeal, more suitable for beauties, folk legends. North is the representative of the drama art Beijing Opera, characterized by men dress up as a woman. Namur art is represented the shooting opera, the characteristic is women dress up as a man. Northern women sing Jungians drums, also can sing a heroism. Southern man sing pingtan, making baby ah dia dia seemed to be the bird person. So-called northerners more masculine than the south, in addition to eating out, there is a large part of the degree is sung. Northerners singing elegy is yanzhao, desolate, solemn and stirring, agitation, dignified, distant, south people sing is brisk, and exquisite, tactfully, kind, pretty side. Chinese people can according to the different emotional component sing dynasties or north, the south song or north song, hum south or north.
Dialect differences in the south people swear beggars, punch, and ten at 3 o 'clock, two hundred and fifty, general from the economic income, how much it is affected by the hui culture, level of education for the poor than the rich, and scold very tactful, fully expressed contempt for you, very accord with the south people thinking habit; Northerners call names scold ke Chen very, under three, tiger, from moral quality in general, this is mainly affected by the business culture, and, never speak at. Northern men call friends parents za za mom, dad lay particular stress on their relations and friends; Southern man call friends parents Zhao Shu money aunts, lay particular stress on both parents relationship. Woman called father-in-law dad, north along the husband said, southern woman called father-in-law grandpa, follow the son call.
Architectural differences between the north and the south on the building style is obvious, each into the system, the mere mention of the south building, many people immediately think of the beautiful picture scroll, small bridge, flowing the retains the original smell of some of the old Joanna town, is a small river flows through the mostly, cautious small houses on both Banks, Vishnu horsehide walls, its tile, quietly, general dwellings from door, is a small yard, next to a stone sink, used to laundry to wash the dishes, and edge is a kitchen, a large, even including the restaurant, a left turn, is a wood stair, go upstairs, there are a few bedrooms, overlooking from the upstairs courtyard, there by the green flag paved, southern residential courtyard is small, around the house, into an organic whole repeatedly residential use ChuanDouShi structure, more houses combination is very flexible, gable like the horse head, used for fire protection, building more white wall tiles, color quietly elegant, garden doesn't need a lot of turf, can create a wonderland, which is nothing but veranda, tracery, there are places borrow scene and other tricks.
North building sits, usually are large everyday rules of yard and house, on doors and gates all different specifications of the system and the different degrees of modification, in order to obtain Hashes different elegant demeanor, popular, said the south building like a villa, the north building as commodity house.
North building emphasize sun, south building emphasizes the ventilation, the word seems to be broad, has affected the construction shape design, doors and Windows and compound design, the building modeling and facade design emphasizes simple messiness, which is associated with a northerner disposition, including material, try to choose some masonry materials, southern emphasis is pure and fresh and connect fully, select material with paint, wood, wood structure, such as the room design in the north cold and dry, the blanket, the color dyeing cloth hanging on the wall, appear sweet and warm. Southern hang out this effect, watched the whole body hot and dry, also old if there is a suspicious of musty smell. Northerners like fur, hardy. South people don't like, dusty met sneeze, bred worms easily. The south people like bamboo, cool and stand retting. South of berth, northerners sleep king. Northerners visitors on the king please guests stay and master a king be among a large family. South peaceful so sleep, sleep not steadfast
ⅥThe guide how to grasp the cultural differences
The first question: explanation system. The status quo is big attractions, small scenic spots is not enough, should be more widely. Problem is a lot of content too professional or Chinese style, all the foreigners as professor of sinology, it is not necessary, in addition to s, other needless to say, otherwise just casting pearls before swine. Ditto for your second question: a cross-cultural perspective. So much of China, for example: speak when built the Forbidden City, when the overhaul, the house what function is enough. What say is nonsense, "double-hipped roof rested on the top of the mountain" is useless. Remember to want to content from the perspective of the guest, you feel useful, others may not feel useful. Don't be made useless. The third question: take the essence of language to its political dregs. Fourth question: actually, there is no difference between Chinese and western, is on bed, get off taking pictures.
ⅦThe conclusion
Here is my summary of cultural differences between the north and the south, the obvious sex, according to the cultural differences between our guide's personnel to moderate hold good availability of cultural differences, good guide. At the same time, we also want to hold good cultural information in time, do a good job in information updated even for his charge.
Bibliography
1. English tour guide，纪春，裴松青，旅游教育出版社，2008
2. Success for service，梁杰，中国旅游出版社，2006
Acknowledgements
For nearly a month of time finally will this paper written, in the process of thesis writing encountered numerous difficulties and obstacles, all away with the help of the classmates and teachers. Especially want to thank my thesis advisor HE Wei she told me the selfless guidance and help, repeatedly help on modification and improvement. In addition, the school library offered me the related information; the library of teachers also gave me a lot of support and help. I want to thanks to the teachers that helped and gave me the guidance. Thank you for this paper involved each scholar here. Thanks to ZhongZhou University and the college of foreign language who give me the opportunity to learn more knowledge here.
Finally, because of my academic level is limited, so it was hard to write a paper by deficiency.