摘 要
20世纪以来，建构主义成为风靡全球的理论流派，××××××××××××××××××，××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××。×××××××××××，××××××××××××××××××××××××××。
本研究以建构主义作为基本的理论基础，××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××。×××××××××××，××××××××××××××××××××××××××。
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××××××，××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××。×××××××××××，××××××××××××××××××××××××××。
关键词：课程知识；建构；建构主义；社会建构；个体建构
第二篇：摘要范例(中文)
◎摘要範例（中文）
高雄地區大學生心理適應、學習態度與生涯規劃能力關係之
研究
蔡銘津
樹德科技大學 師資培育中心教授
摘要
本研究旨在探討不同背景的大學院校學生其學習態度、心理適應與生涯規劃上的狀況，及此三種現況彼此的相關情形。包括比較不同的家庭社經地位、不同的性別、不同的工作經驗、不同的學制體系別、公私立別的學生在學習態度、心理適應和生涯規劃能力上的差異情形，以及探討此三種狀況或能力彼此的相關情形。研究的752名受試者取樣自高雄地區四所科技大學、三所技術學院，對照於綜合大學之兩所公立大學、兩所私立大學，以大三的學生，依社會科學與自然科學領域之不同而隨機兼取，並進行測試後的資料分析。
本研究發現：不同的性別、家庭社經地位、工作經驗、學制體系別、公私立別的學生在學習態度，均呈現不等程度的差異。在心理適應方面，除工作經驗；在生涯規劃能力方面，除性別、公私立別外，則兩者在其他背景因素上，亦均有不等的顯著差異存在。透過典型相關探討，發現學習態度與心理適應、生涯規畫能力均呈現顯著相關，顯現學習態度層面部分影響到心理適應層面，亦影響生涯規畫能力；心理適應層面亦影響生涯規畫能力。
最後根據研究結果，本研究提出具體的建議，以供教育當局發展高等教育及教師在教學與輔導學生時的參考。
關鍵詞：學習態度、心理適應、生涯規劃、家庭社經地位、學制體系
◎英文範例
The correlations of college students’ learning attitude, mental adaptation and career
planning ability－
a survey from district of Koahsiung.
Tsai, Ming-Jin
Shu-Te University, Teacher Education Center professor
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation among study attitude, psychological adaptation and the ability of career planning about the college students. The researcher also will want to know if the students with different background (including different gender, SES of family, work experience, education system, national or private institution) can be found significant differences among their study attitudes, psychological adaptations and the abilities of career planning.
The subjects consisted of 752 juniors. They were sampled randomly from 4 technology universities, 3 institutes of technology,2 national comprehensive university and 2 private comprehensive university in Kaohsiung district. All the data were treated and analyzed with one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and canonical correlation. The results of this study indicated as follows:
In study attitude, there were some differences between gender, education system, national or private institution and among SES of family, work experience. Except work experience in psychological adaptation, gender and national or private institution in the ability of career planning, there were all some differences on other different background factors. There were the correlations among study attitude, psychological adaptation and the ability of career planning.
According to the results, the research made the suggestions for college teachers to improve their teaching and counseling on their students.
Keywords：study attitude, psychological adaptation, career planning, social
economic status, educational system .