论文题目（格式：论文题目格式）
副标题（如果有的话用“副标题”格式）
第一作者姓名 第二作者姓名
第一行：部门名称 第一行部门名称
第二行：组织名称，缩写词 第二行：组织名称，缩写词
第三行：城市，国家 第三行：城市，国家
第四行：电子邮件（若有要求的话） 电子邮件（若有要求的话）
摘要—本电子文档是一个“活”的模板，论文的各个组成部分（题目，正文，标题等）已经在样式表中定义，在本文档也给出了阐明。（摘要）
关键词–组成；格式；字体，式样，插入图（关键词）
I. 绪论（一级标题）
这个模板是在计算机上用Word2003编辑并以“Word 97-2003 & 6.0/95 – RTF”保存的，为作者提供了准备电子版论文所需要的格式规范。所有的标准论文组成都以3个目的详细介绍：（1）更容易格式化个人论文，（2）自动遵守电子版要求来保证一致或促进随后的电子产品的出版，（3）会议集的格式一致。页边距，列宽，行距和字体类型都已经内置；本文提供的类型样式的例子是在后面圆括号内以斜体区分的。某些部分，例如多层次方程，图形和表格都没有规定，只规定了表格中文本的格式，格式化程序还需要创建这些部分来并入标准。
II. 常用的
选择一个模板（二级标题）
首先，保证论文选用了正确的模板，这个模板是在A4纸上编辑的，如果你用的是美信版式，请下载“MSW USltr format”格式的文件。
保持规范的完整性
这个模板用来格式化你的论文和文本风格。页边距，列宽，行距和文本字体都已规定，请不要更改他们。你可能注意到一些特点，例如，这个模板的标题边距采用习惯性的对称。这些措施都是故意的，意在把你的论文看做整个论文集的一部分，而不是独立的一篇，请不要更改当前的制定。
III. 更改类型前做的准备
开始格式化论文前，首先把内容保存为一个独立的文本文件。等到文本文件格式化完后，再把文本文件和图形文件放在一起。不要强制使用制表位，并限制回车的强制使用，只有在图片的末尾回车一次。不要在论文中任何地方添加任何类型的分页标志。不要在文本开头标号，模板会为你添加。
最后在格式化之前完成内容和组织的编辑。在校对拼写和语法时请留意下列事项：
A. 缩写词或缩略语
缩写词或缩写语在文中第一次使用时要定义，即使他们在关键词中已经定义过。像IEEE,SI,MKS,CGS, cs, dc和rms 这种缩写词就不用定义了。不要在题目或标题中使用缩写词，除非是不可避免。
B. 单位
主要使用（SI）国际单位制—米/千克/秒，或者CGS—厘米/克/秒，建议使用SI单位制。英制单位可以在括号里作为第二单位。例外，当作为某种工艺标志时，可以使用英制单位，例如“3.5-inch disk drive”。
要避免SI和CGS单位的混用，例如电流用安培，磁场用磁场强度。这些会由于方程不匹配而导致混乱。如果你不得不使用混合单位，要在方程里详细说明使用该单位的变量。
不要混合使用整拼和缩写的单位，例如：你可以写成“Wb/m2” 或者 “webers per square meter”，但不能写成“webers/m2”。在文本中要写出单位的全拼，例如“. . . a few henries”, 而不是 “. . . a few H”。
在小数点前面要加0，例如“0.25”,而不是 “.25”。用“cm3”,而不是 “cc”。
C. 方程
方程是这个模板指定规范中的一个例外。你要确定你的方程是否可以用“Times New Roman ”或者“ the Symbol font”打印（请不要使用别的字体）。对于多层次的方程，可以把方程作为一个图片插入到文本中。
方程的序号要连续。如方程（1）所示，方程的序号要用小括号括起来，用右对齐制表位放在方程的右边。为了使方程更简洁紧凑，可以使用斜线（/），EXP函数或者合适的指数函数。对于罗马符号的常量或变量要用斜体，希腊符号不用斜体。对于负号要用破折号“—”而不是连字号“–”。当方程作为一句话的一部分时，要在方程后面加逗号或点号。例子：
a+b=c. (1)
注意方程要用一个中心制表位放在中间。方程里所使用的符号一定要事先定义或在方程后面定义。在文本中用“(1)”而不是：?Eq.(1)”或者“equation(1)”，除非在句首使用“Equation(1) is…”
D. 常见的错误
单词data是复数，不是单数。
真空磁导率和其它常见的科学常量下方的0，是用下标0表示的，而不是小写字母o。
在美式英语中，逗号，分号，点号，问号和感叹号都是在引号之内的，只有当一个完整的思想或名字被引用作为一个题目或引言的时候放在外面。使用引号来突出一个词或短语时，标点符号应该出现在引号外面。如果在句末附加短语时，标点符号要放在括号外面。如果是附加句子，标点符号要放在括号里面。
在图片上放置另一张图片是放置，不是插入。单词alternatively比alternately更好，除非你确实要说明某些东西是“交替”的。
不要混用essentially和approximately或者effectively。
在论文题目中，如果单词 that uses能合适代替using，要大写U，如果不能就用小写。
注意这些同音词的不同意思：affect和effect，complement和complement，discreet和discrete，principal和principle。
不要混用imply（暗示）和infer（推断）。
前缀non不是单独的一个单词，要和其他单词组合使用，通常不用连字号。
在拉丁缩写词“et al.”中et后面没有标点。
缩写词“i.e.”的意思是“that is”，“e.g.”的意思是“for example”。
参考文献[7]是科技作者写优秀风格论文的手册。
IV. 模板的使用
论文文本编辑完后，开始使用这个模板。用“另存为”命令将模板复制，并用会议指定的会议名称作为你的论文的题目。在这个新建的文件里，去掉所有的内容，并导入你准备的文本。现在你要开始规范你的论文，利用Word格式工具栏左边的向下滚动窗口。
A. 作者和从属关系
当有多个作者，并且这些作者属于一个组织时，写一个组织名称就可以。请使组织名称尽量简洁，比如不要区分一个组织下的不同部门。这个模板设计的是两个组织关系的。
对于只有一个组织的作者：按照下面修改模板。
a) 选择，选取作者和组织关系所在的行。
b) 改变列数，把列数改为1列
c) 删除，删除第二个组织的作者和从属关系
d) 对于多于2个从属关系的，按照下面修改模板
e) 选择，选取所有作者和组织所在行
f) 改变列数，把列数改为和组织数目相应的列数。
g) 突出第一个组织关系的作者和组织所在行，并复制。
h) 格式，在最后一个组织名称的字母后立即插入一个回车，然后粘贴所复制的组织1的内容,对剩下的组织进行重复操作。
i) 重新分配列数，把鼠标指针放在最后一个偶数行的组织名称的最后一个字母的右边，例如，如果一共有5个组织关系，将鼠标指针放在第4个组织名称末尾。拖动鼠标突出以上所有的作者和组织所在行，然后在设置里选择2列。如果你有奇数个组织关系，最后一个组织关系放在中间，其他的组织放在两列里。
B. 确定标题
标题可以引导读者阅读你的论文，标题有两种：结构标题和内容标题。
结构标题是区分论文的不同部分，相互之间没有从属关系。例如，感谢和参考文献要用格式“Heading 5”。图片说明用“figure caption”格式。表格标题用“table head”格式，为了和其他标题区分，“摘要”除了使用提供的格式外，还要使用斜体格式。
文本标题是一个相关的概括，分层次的。例如，论文题目是最主要的文本标题，因为后面所有的文字都是围绕这个主题来详细叙述的。如果有2个或多个子主题，就用下一级标题，用大写罗马数字标注，相反，如果没有2个子主题，就不用引入子标题。指定格式名称为“Heading 1”，“Heading 2”，“Heading 3”和“Heading 4”。
C. 图片和表格
1） 放置图片和表格：把图片和表格放在列的顶端或底端。避免放在一列的中间位置，比较大的图片或表格可能横跨2列。图片说明要在图片下面，表格题目要在表格上面，在文本引用后插入图片和表格。在文本中使用“Fig.1”，即使在句首。
TABLE I. Table Type Styles
a. 脚注的样本。（脚注）
Figure 1. Example of a figure caption. (figure caption)
图片标签：图片标签用8号新罗马字体，避免读者混淆，要用单词而不用符号或缩写语。例如，写“Magnetization”或者“Magnetization, M”，而不只写“M”。如果含有单位，单位要用括号括起来，不要只用单位标记坐标，例如，写成“Magnetization (A/m)”或者“Magnetization {A[m(1)]}”，而不只是“A/m”。不要用单词和单位的“比”作为标签，例如，写成“Temperature (K)”，而不是“Temperature/K”。
感谢
在美国的拼写中，单词“acknowledgment”中g后面没有e。要避免虚饰的表达，例如：“One of us (R. B. G.) thanks”，尽量用“R. B. G. thanks”来代替。对主办人的感谢要放在第一页的脚注位置。
参考文献
这个模板将引用部分用方括号连续标数，标点符号参考[2]，在文本中引用的时候用[3]，不要使用“Ref. [3]”或者“reference [3]”，但在句首可以使用“Reference [3] was the first . . .”。
在文本中单独用上标标上脚注序号，把脚注放在所提到列的最下面，不要把脚注放在参考文献列表里。表格的脚注用字母来标号。
要把所有作者的名字列出来，除非作者数多于6个，不要使用“et al.”，如果论文还没有出版，甚至是正在出版，都要说明“unpublished”。被出版社接收的论文要注明“in press”，只大写题目中第一个单词，除非是特别的名词或者元素符号。
如果论文用别的语言翻译过，请先引用英文的题目，再在后面附上源语言的题目。
[1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955. (references)
[2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.
[3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.
[4] K. Elissa, “Title of paper if known,” unpublished.
[5] R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name Stand. Abbrev., in press.
[6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].
[7] M. Young, The Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.
第二篇：国际会议论文格式范本
Special Seminar: Assessing Emergent Business IT Using the Web of System Performance
Brian Whitworth1, CheiknaSylla2,Elizabeth Whitworth3
1Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University (Albany), New Zealand
2School of Management, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
3Psychology Department, Carleton University, Canada
2345@public.wh.hb.cn
[The title of the paper should be written in bold in 14 point font, centered on the top of the paper. The first letter of every word in the title should be capitalized. Leave one line, the authors’ names and their affiliations, following the title, must be 11 point font.]
Abstract: [9pt, bold, the first letter should be capitalized] Businesses must often decide whether to purchase emergent technology in various states of maturity. Purchasing immature technology can have serious consequences for a business, but equally not purchasing new technology can invoke intangible opportunity losses that are equally costly in the long term. Businesses that don’t upgrade their IT can go out of business, but upgrading every time can be equally disastrous. [9pt]
Keywords: keyword1, keyword2, keyword3, keyword4 [9pt]
[Every paper should include an abstract within 500 words. At the end of the abstract, skip a line and then type “Keywords:” (NOT bold, italic, and followed by a colon) followed by 3 to 8 words that describe the focus and contribution of the paper. ]
1. INTRODUCTION[10pt, capitalized, bold]
The use of information technology (IT) has become a primary survival factor for business organizations in a global competitive environment. However just as IT can make money for business, it can also lose money, as IT has become a major corporate expenditure.……
[This document has been prepared using the required format (Microsoft Word version 6.0 or later). Using this document as a template is highly recommended as it gives the best input for the final publications. ]
[Body of the paper: The whole paper should be written in “Times New Roman” font. Except the title of the paper that is in 14-font size and authors’ names with their affiliations in 11-font size, the whole paper should be written in 10 fonts. ]
[Do not use multiple columns. The line spacing should be single line. Every paper should be less than or equal to 6 pages. Set the page to A4 with margins of 2.54cm all around. Do not use headers and footers, do not use end notes and do not put page numbers. Microsoft Word file is strongly preferred. ]
2. WHY A NEW THEORY OFINFORMATION SYSTEMPERFORMANCE? [10pt, capitalized, bold]
[Headings are numbered and capitalized. All major headings are centered in bold in 10 fonts. Do not put a period after the text of the heading. There should be no more than three levels of heading. ]
In the infancy of software development, designers held functionality (what the system does to the world) as the primary goal of software development. This is because at that time, software was just a tool, as say a hammer is a tool. As information systems developed however, they not only became more complex, but also less passive and more active systems in their own right. IS today works with the user not just for the user, and now enables a virtual online society that could span the globe. Hence functionality has become an insufficient indicator of information system performance. The main battle against functionality as the prime directive of system designers was carried out by the proponents of usability, human-factors and human-computer interaction, supported by theoretical frameworks such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). These views presented ease of use as equal to usefulness in determining user acceptance of a system[1], e.g. if a web site performs well functionally, but users don’t like it and click on to other sites, then it is a failure. Functional failure and usability failure it was noted have the same effect – the system does not run!
3. WHAT IS A SYSTEMS APPROACH? [10pt, capitalized, bold]
Nearly forty years ago Bertalanffy noted that certain mathematical formulas repeated across many disciplines like chemistry, physics and biology [2], which used the same formulae to describe completely different things. Hence was borne the idea of studying a “system” without referencing what type of system it was.
Computer systems seem systems in a general sense [3], so a hardware computer system of chips and circuits is also a software system of information exchanges, and today also the human-computer combination [4], e.g. a plane is mechanical, its computer controls are informational, but the plane plus pilot is also a system – a human-computer system. Human-computer interaction (HCI) sees computers as more than just technology (hardware and software). Table 1 summarizes the four computer system levels, matching the idea of an information system (IS) as hardware, software, people, and business processes[5]. The levels are different views of the same system not different systems, and match disciplines of Engineering, Computing, Psychology and Sociology, respectively.
[Figures and tables should be placed as close as possible to where they are cited. Captions should be Times New Roman 9-point, bold. Figures and Tables should be numbered separately and consecutively. Avoid color diagrams. Figure’s captions should be flush center below the figures, and Table captions should be in center above the table body. Initially capitalize only the first word of each caption. Table contents should be Times New Roman 9-point, no bold. ]
4. WHAT DOES THE FIGURE REPRESENT? [10pt, capitalized, bold]
In the web of system performance (Figure1):
· Web area represents system performance in general, so a bigger the area means a greater system performance potential.
· Web shape represents the goal criterion weights, which vary with the environment, e.g. a threat environment may mean security has more weight.
· Web lines represent goal tensions, imagined as connecting rubber bands that can pull back one performance dimension as another increases.
5. HOW ARE THE DIMENSIONS EDFINED? [10pt, capitalized, bold]
5.1 Ideas seem similar to Alexander’s synthesis of form. [10pt, no capitalized, bold]
[Subheadings are flush left, in bold in 10point type, not be capitalized. There should be one line space before second-level heading. Keeping two space for third-Level heading that is also in bold in 10 point type, as shown in the subheading for this paragraph. ]
Yes, this model merely applies Alexander’s theory to IS. Over forty years ago Alexander noted the “tension” problems of physical world system design [5]. Since then, his architectural pattern theory has been applied to information systems (IS) and object orientated (OO) design. Design tensions arise when physical systems composed of parts have multiple contextual demands. For example, in a simple machine such as a vacuum cleaner, each part, like the engine, can be designed for its specific function by using the best materials. Specialized materials allow a powerful engine, with more suction, but this may also create more noise, heat and weight, making the vacuum harder to use. Part specialization may also mean more complex joints that fail easier, reducing reliability. Finally, customizing parts can increase manufacturing material diversity, raising costs.
[All equations should be placed on separate lines and numbered consecutively, with the equation numbers placed within parentheses and aligned against the right margin as shown in equation (1).
Min C = 
(1)
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before the equation appear or immediately following. ]
5.2 Is WOSP useful for system evaluation as well as system design? [10pt, no capitalized, bold]
Yes, it can be used as a process-oriented design framework for system developers, or a product-oriented evaluation framework for system users/buyers. The common concept of system performance connects the two fields: generally designers want to produce high performance systems, and likewise users want to buy them.
5.2.1 Reason A
Design then, is the art of synthesizing “forms” to reconcile contradictory contextual demands, e.g. vacuums that are both lightweight and powerful. “Patterns” are generic solutions to design conflicts that repeat: “Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and over again in our environment, and then describes the core of the solution to that problem.” [6]. If problems repeat, it makes sense to re-use successful solutions. The logic applies as well to IS design as it does to physical design.
6. CONCLUSIONS[10pt, capitalized, bold]
Supply chain coordination has become the key strategic area that has direct impact over the success of any enterprise in today’s highly competitive business environment.
[Making sure author’s paper follows the guidelines for submissions. If there is a mismatch, the author(s) will be informed of needed corrections. ]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT[10pt, capitalized, bold]
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 70572071.
[Use the singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments. Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.H.C.) would like to thank ... .” Instead, write “F.A. Author thanks ... .”. Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments expressions such as “This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 123456”.]
REFERENCES[9pt, capitalized, bold, centered]
[1] Bird R B, Stewart W E. (1960).Lightfoot E N. Transport Phenomena. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 75
[2] Henry R C, Lewis C W, Collins J F. (1994).Vehicle-related hydrocarbon source compositions from ambient data: the GRACE/SAFER method. Eniron Sci Technol, , 28(5): 823-832
[3] Ma Tingxi, Lu Xueshu. (1992).Computer aided analysis of the penetration of mounted tillage implement. In: Zhang Wei, Guo Peiyu, Zhang Senwen, eds. Agricultural Engineering and Rural Development: Vol I. Beijing: International Academic Publishers, 157-160(in Chinese)
[4] Young L C. (1974). The Application of Orthogonal Collocation to Laminar Flow Heat and Mass Transfer in Monolith Converters. Ms D Thesis. Washington: University of Washington,
[5] Larsen C E, Trip R, Johnson C R. (1995-01-25). Methods for Procedures Related to the Electrophysiology of the heart. US Patent 5 529 067.
[6] APHE. (1985). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC,
[7] Xie Xide. (1998-12-25). Creating new way to study. People’s Daily, (10)
[8] Chescheir G M, Westerman P W. (1984). Rapid Methods for Determining Fertilizer Value of Livestock Manures. ASAE paper No.84-4082. Michigan: American Society of Agricultural Engineering
[9] Chaplin M. (2003). Guar gum. www.sbu.ac.uk/water/hygua.html,
[Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] shows ...”]