句型套路让“饼图”雅思写作华彩绽放（上）

——广州朗阁雅思新托福

朗阁海外考试研究中心

今天朗阁专家们将结合多年教学经验，对饼图的分析方法、词汇句型和写作套路进行总结和分类，以帮助考生理清写作思路，更准确地回应题目的要求。

饼图是一种以圆形图示的方式将各个项目所占比例和分布情况进行展现和对比的图表，一个饼图通常显示一个数据系列。回看近两年的雅思写作考试，饼图出现的次数有了较大的提升，因此考生应在今后的备考中对其多加留意。

许多考生觉得饼图十分简单，也就是一些百分比及数字的列举，对该类图表不太重视，准备并不充分。笔者根据学生的日常作业来看，很多学生并没能准确把握这一图表的特征。在实际考试中，真题大多是多个饼图结合出现，如果一味地罗列数据照搬词组，不但文章读起来枯燥无味，句式和词汇也缺少变化，是无法得到理想的分数的。那么考生该如何应对饼状图表写作呢?

1. 分析思路

在实际考试中，一般以三到四个饼图出现为主，最多曾出现过六个饼图的组合，但无论如何变化，多饼图一般可分为以下两种模式，笔者将举出一些实例进行分析：

1）无关型饼图

图一

请注意以上三个饼图（图一），它们分别介绍了世界上的不同花费比例，世界人口分布及资源消耗的去向，三个饼图涉及的内容和划分标准不尽相同，不可能将三者结合起来一起论述。

对于这种图表，我们的文章框架架构如下：

Introduction：分别概述三个饼图所说明的信息

如：The three pie charts respectively illustrate some data regarding the distribution in world spending, global population and consumption of resources.

Body：分别说明各饼图的内容，辅以数据（段落层次按照个数划分即可，本题就可以分成三个段落）分别进行排序，稍后详细分析。

Conclusion（选用）：说明三个饼图的相关含义，如无，可提炼一下每个饼图最典型的特征（如果已达到要求字数且充分说明内容，结尾段可以略去）

详细来看，世界花费主要支出在食物方面，交通、房产和穿着次之，其他项目合计占到总数的40%；亚洲是世界人口的主要来源地，欧洲、美洲和非洲均占到10%以上，其他地区人口较少。这两个饼图都可以用“排序”的方式来列举数据，具体的写法我们会在下面详细说明。最后一个图表可以用比较的办法突出美国欧洲等发达地区耗费了世界上五分之二的资源。

由于无关型饼图没有什么分类思路可言，句式和词汇会显得相对单一，考生在写作时特别要注意变化，避免单调。

2）相关型饼图

这类饼图组合之间常常有一定关联，只要细心观察不难发现其中的联系点。我们先来看看下面这两个饼图组合：

图二

这两个饼图比较了不同年份世界人口的数量及分布情况的变化，数量和分布地区就是我们所找到的两图之间的联系。根据这一思路我们可以将文章架构如下：

Introduction：说明各饼图的联系，此时可以选取如“compare，reveal”之类的动词来突出其关联。

如：The two pie charts reveal the variation in the global population and distribution between 1900 and 2000.

Body：根据各饼图之间的联系，进行分别比较和说明。以本图为例：

1. 数量联系：The world population quadrupled during the past century, from 1.5 to 6 billion.

2. 地区联系：Despite some changes in region distribution, Asia and Europe were still the two areas where the majority of people came from, altogether accounting for over 60% of the total.

当然，一些细节的内容也要详细说明，如其他地区的比例变化有升有降，新统计地区的出现。本图的主线是时间变化，考生可以将其转化成为线图。

Conclusion：相关图表之间一般都有比较明显的联系，可以作为结尾段的总述，如：The majority of people were from Asia and Europe, where a decline in percentage can be found.

再来看看下面这个图表（图三）也是一个相同的例子：

图三

图三主要比较了十年间人们所选用能源的变化，和图二的思路基本相同，也是以时间为主线进行对比，我们可以根据比例的变化方式进行分类：

比例上升：There was a minimal growth in the proportion of coal and nuclear power, with the former from 22% in 1980 to 27% in 1990 and the latter 5% to 10% over the same course.

比例下降：An opposite change can be seen in the percentage of natural gas, oil and hydroelectric power.

值得注意的是，石油一直是人们依赖的主要能源。

我们再来看另外一种相关型图表（图四）：

图四

此类图表不是以时间为走向的，而是比较了不同产品在不同地区的市场份额。虽然产品有差异，但地区的分类是一致的。我们的基本思路是观察各图表之间的异同，进行归类。

Introduction：说明各饼图的联系，如：The three pie charts compare the market share of three products in some areas including North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.

Body：根据各饼图之间的联系，进行分别比较和说明。以本图为例：

1. 相同点：A similar pattern can be found in the distribution of sales for Product X and Y. 两者的排序是一致的

2. 不同点：和Product X和Y相比，Product Z的市场分布比较均匀。 Conclusion：总结异同点即可。

朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，相关型饼图的分析思路关键在于找出图表之间的关系，特别是联系点及分类点，前者常见的有时间变化、类别对比；后者常见的有地区、不同事物项等。把握好了这些要点，再辅以适当数据进行说明就能轻松化解饼图。

第二篇：雅思写作八个高分句型

雅思写作讲义 高分句型 Corrine

雅思写作八个高分句型

略 （定语从句，非限制性定语从句，同位语从句等）

It is ….that/who….

1. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how personality develops.

2. It is the traditions in Bejing that attract many foreign tourist.

3.

It is the waste gases released by cars and factories that pollute the environment.

所谓的状语提前就是把一个有副词，介词，现在分词，过去分词或者动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首，让句子看起来错落有致。注意分词作状语等同于相应的状语从句。

1. Living in poverty, these people do not even have money to buy enough food.

= Because they live in poverty, these people do not even have money to buy enough food

2. Deeply influenced by excessively violence and pornography on the internet, some teenagers tend to go

astray.

= As they deeply influenced by excessively violence and pornography on the internet, some teenagers tend to go astray.

3. In terms of attitude, a good teacher should be highly motivated and patient.

4. In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer sills for young children cannot be denied.

5. Obviously, if elderly people live at home, their children can take care of them and they fell less lonely.

6. Just like the movies stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.

7. Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts for the

majority of people.

8. Instead of wasting our time, creative advertisements can afford us diverse amusements, thereby brightening

up our lives.

9. I am fascinated by the western culture. Specifically, I think the French culture is really amazing.

10. Most importantly, the government should make sure that citizens can improve their lives.

11. To alleviate traffic jams, the government should encourage people to take the subway.

12. Without an IELTS score, one can not get a visa from the embassy.

13. To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the 1

雅思写作讲义 高分句型 Corrine factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.

14. Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes.

15. With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption

can be in some countries.

等同于定语从句

1. Chicken consumed by American is two times as much as that of Britain.

= Chicken which is consumed by American is two times as much as that of Britain.

2. People living here intend to change the living surroundings.

=People who live here intend to change the living surroundings.

1． Proper measures must be taken to limit the umber of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made to

protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

2． Every means should

be tried to protect the environment on which people live.

1) The parents should spend time on their children, they should also communicate with them.

2) We can never lose sight of the significance of education.

以上两句话都没有任何错误，但是读来非常平淡，没有任何特色，如果我们用倒装句，出来的效果就完全不一样了。

1）Not only should parents spend time on their children, they are also advised to interact with them.

2）On no account / by no means / in no way can we lose sight of the significance of education.

1. Not only should the parents spend more time with their children, they should also try to

communicate with their children more often.

2．Not only should the government pay much attention to the protection of our environment, but also every

residents living in this area should be absolutely aware of the importance of the preservation of our natural surroundings.

3． Only by building up one’s confidence and offering one a sense of achievement can one thoroughly realize his

value and capability .

4. Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.

5． Only when proper measures are taken and great efforts are made, can we gradually prevent crimes from 2

雅思写作讲义 高分句型 Corrine occurring .

6．On no account should we cut down the outturn（产量降低）.

7． In no case should a government officer take bribes.

8． At no time is smoking permitted here.

9．Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.

1. If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person from the moment

they were born.

2. The schools would seem very impersonal were all the computers to replace human teachers.

一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。

1. Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.

2. College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.

3. I think, therefore, that governments need to raise the public awareness.

4. Universities, when it is functioning well, should offer both theoretical knowledge as well as professional

training.

5. So overall, I believe that, attending school from a young age is good for most children.

练习

用不同的三种表达方法，翻译下面一句话： 二十世纪末科技的繁荣，人们开始广泛使用电脑。

1)

强调句型

It was the prosperity in science and technology in the late 20th century that gave rise to the wide application of computers.

2)倒装句

So flourishing

various fronts.

3) With结构状语前置

With the prosperity in science and technology in the late 20th century, the computers were widely applied.

4)witness 句型

3 was the science and technology in the late 20th century that computers were widely applied in

雅思写作讲义 高分句型 Corrine The late 20th century witnessed the prosperity in science and technology, thereby giving rise to the wide application of computers.

补充： 倒装

1. 一些否定意义的词或词组放在句首时, 要把把助动词放在主语之前。如：never, hardly, not, seldom, rarely, little, scarcely, nowhere, barely, not until.及表示频率的副词often, many a time 等位于句首时要倒装。

Not a single word did she say. = She didn’t say a single word.

Never did I dream of seeing him in America. =I never dreamt of seeing him in America.

Seldom did he argue with others. = He seldom argued with others.

Little does she care about money. =She cares little about money.

Hardly do I know what to do. =I hardly know what to do.

Often have I told them not to go swimming in that river.

= I have often told them not to go swimming in that river.

Many a time did she go abroad last year.= She went abroad many a time last year.

2. 含有否定词的介词短语放在句首也要用主谓倒装。如by no means决不; on no account决不; in no case adv. 决不; in/under no circumstances决不; in no time立刻; at no time任何时候都不; no longer不再;in no way一点也不; on no condition无论如何也不.

On no account should we cut down the outturn（产量降低）.

In no case should a government officer take bribes.

At no time is smoking permitted here.

No longer will I believe what you say.

In no case do I want to argue with you.

In no time will he be here.

By no means shall we give up.

At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

In no way can we allow this to continue.

3. 半否定副词,否定连词,放在句首也要用主谓倒装。如no sooner…(than…) 刚…就;not until直到…才; hardly/scarcely…(when/before)刚…就; not only…(but also…)不仅…而且; neither …or…既不…也不.

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

Not until he was five did Tom start to read.=Tom didn’t start to read until he was five.

No sooner had I hung up than the phone started to ring again.

=I had no sooner hung up than the phone started to ring again.

Not only can he swim but also skate.=He can not only swim but also skate.

No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.

Hardly/scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang.

Neither has she called on him, nor will she do so.

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雅思写作讲义 高分句型 Corrine

4. only 后接介词短语、副词、或从句，为了强调状语，放在句首要倒装。

结构：Only + 状语+助动词+主语+动词

Only then was I able to stand him.

Only yesterday did I finish reading this novel.

Only in this way can we finish our work in time.

Only after an operation will he be able to walk again.

Only a week later did I receive an answer from him.

Only when hey told me did I know what had happened.

Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.

Only when you grow up will you understand what I say now.

5. If引导的虚拟条件从句中，若含有were, had, should，则将其移至主语前，把if省略掉，构成倒装

句。

结构：

Had/should/were + 主语+ would/could谓语的其余部分

Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business.

=If I had not helped him, he would have failed in business.

Were he here now, I could ask him.

=If he were here now, I could as him.

Should he come, tell him to ring me up.

=If he should come, tell him to ring me up.

6. as（虽然，尽管=though） 引导的让步状语从句可倒装。

结构： n. (无冠词) /adj. /adv. /分词 + as + 主语 + 动词；

或者：v.原形 + as +主语 + 助动词

Tired as/though he was, he worked late into the night.

Child as/though he was, he was very brave.

Try as/though they may, they will never succeed.

7. 结果状语从句对应的so/such位于句首引起倒装句

当“so/such ... that ...”结构中的so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时， 主句要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。

So angry was he that he couldn’t’ speak.

So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.

To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his. Such great progress did he make that he was praised.

In such a hurry did he leave that he forgot to lock the door.

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