（1）书信
书信的写作格式
当前的书信格式主要有英式和美式两种。英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构，即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。美式结构则是齐头式结构，在商务英语中比较流行，尤其普遍运用于电子邮件的交流中，其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。具体如下所示：
缩进式：
一般的考研作文由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在书信中包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分，因此本章也重点讨论这四个部分需要注意的一些问题。
称呼：
称呼是书信的开头部分，是写信人对收信人的称谓。无论是私人信件、还是公务信件，一般都以“Dear”作为开头引出收信人的姓名和头衔。称呼的后面一般都要求加逗号。
在私人信件中，如果写信人与收信人关系比较亲密，则称呼可以比较随意，一般都是“Dear”后面直接加人名，如“Dear Anna, Dear Tom”等；或者“Dear”后面加长辈的称呼，如“Dear Papa, Dear Aunt”；如果关系不是非常亲密，则要称呼对方的姓，写做“Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Smith, Dear Miss Smith, Dear Ms Smith”。注意，在不知道女士的婚嫁状况的时候，宜用“Ms.”。
在公务信件中，一般的称呼格式是在收信人头衔后加姓，或者加收信人全名。要特别注意收信人的头衔。具体称呼方式及缩写如下：
男士：Mr.
女士：Mrs., Ms., Miss
教授/博士：Prof./Dr.
市长、法官、议员或其他高官：Hon. (Honorable，即“尊敬的”)
编辑：Editor
不知对方姓名：Dear Sir/Sirs, Dear Madam/Madams, Dear Sir or Madam, To Whom It May Concern
正文：
正文一般包括三个部分。第一部分是开头，需要开门见山地说明写信的原因和目的。如果是写给不认识的人，还要加上一个简单的自我介绍。如果是回信，还要说明何时收到对方关于什么内容的信。
第二部分是信的核心和主要内容，把开头提出的问题进行充分的说明和解释。
第三部分是信的结尾，通常以礼貌的祝福或者愿望来结束。如：
I am looking forward to your reply.
Please pass my best wishes to all your family.
结束语：
结束语是写信人对于收信人的谦称和致敬。
在私人信件中，一般可以用“Best wishes, Best regards, Best, Regards, Warmest Regards, Yours, Yours ever, Yours sincerely, Cordially”。如果是用于关系非常亲密的朋友或者亲人，则还可以用“Yours affectionately, Affectionately, Love, Lovingly, Cheers, Your devoted friend, Your loving son (daughter, nephew, niece, grandson, granddaughter, father, mother, husband, wife, etc.)”。
在公务信件中，一般可以用“Yours sincerely, yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours respectfully, Yours gratefully, Yours cordially”等。
特别是在给一些团体和不知名的个人的正式信件中，除了以上结束语外还可以采用以下形式：Truly yours, Sincerely yours, Faithfully yours, etc.
英文信件结束语形式非常多，对于考生来说如果能够掌握各种情况下的不同结束语自然最好，但是对于应试来说，考生掌握一个“Yours sincerely”就可以以不变应万变，因为这个结束语普遍适用于私人和公务信件。
签名：
关于签名的注意点就是，考试中不允许考生留下自己的名字，只能用“Li Ming”这个名字。
（2）备忘录
备忘录是用于各部门之间传递信息、提醒和督促对方做某事的一种文书。备忘录一般用于各种机构组织中，在大学生中用的比较少。备忘录有约定俗成的结构和格式，一般由五个部分组成：
To: 收文人
From: 发文人
Date: 日期
Subject: 事由，内容只需要用名词或动名词等少数几个词，甚至一个词做简略陈述。
Message: 正文，直入主题，列出最重要的信息或结论。
备忘录的内容有如新闻写作，需要包括以下几个要素：谁，什么，何时，何地，为什么。备忘录有可能是通知，也可能是呼吁人们参加某个活动或采取某个行动，因此，语气一般比较正式、礼貌且简明扼要，表达清楚准确，以使广大的读者能够迅速正确地理解。需要注意的是，备忘录的收文人只要写全名即可，无需称呼语，结尾处也不需要结束语和签名。
（3）便笺
便笺是为了各种目的而写的简短书信体留言，用于熟人、亲人、朋友和同事等之间对于近一两天内将发生事情的联系，如请假条、约会、告别、道歉、借东西、留言等。便笺的形式简单，语言随意、简洁且口语化。
相比较书信而言，便笺的语言和格式都更加轻松。便笺较短，因此必须言简意赅，避免繁文缛节。同时，便笺一般直接用收信人的名字，省略“Dear”等称呼，结尾处也不用结束语，直接签名。特别需要注意的是，便笺上一定要注明日期。其中美式英语的日期格式为“Mar. 20, 2007”，而英式英语的日期格式为“20 Mar. 2007”，两种格式都适用于考试。英语中12个月份的缩写如下：Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.
便笺的形式如下：
第二节、信件范文
1、辞职信 Letter of Resignation
写作“三步走”：
提出辞职→说明原因，表示遗憾或感谢→期盼回复
Tips:
在写作辞职信的时候语气一定要诚恳，尤其是要表达遗憾的心情，同时对于原雇主曾经给自己的这份工作机会表达感激之情。
（1） 20##年真题
Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, and stating your reason(s).
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am writing to inform you of my intention of withdrawing from my current position in this magazine.
Though having worked here for merely two months, I, unfortunately, find that this job is quite different from my expectation. First of all, I have to say that my salary is far from satisfying, which barelysustains me in this expensive city. Moreover, so far I have never had the responsibility of any challenging task.
I apologize in advance for any inconvenience it might bring to you.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的王先生：
我给您写这封信是想辞去我目前在杂志中的职位。
尽管我在这里仅仅工作了两个月，但是我发现这份工作并不符合我的预期。首先，我的工资远远不能令人满意，使我在这昂贵的城市中生活艰难。此外，到目前为止，我没有机会负责任何具有挑战性的工作。
我为对此可能给您带来的不便致歉。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
intention: n.意图, 目的
withdraw from: 离开，撤出，退出
merely: adv. 仅仅，只，不过
be far from：远远不及，远远不够
barely: adv. 刚刚，仅仅，几乎不能
sustain: vt. 支撑，撑住，维持，持续
have responsibility of sth: 负责某事
万能句型：
I am writing to inform you of…
Though having…, I, unfortunately, find that…
First of all… Moreover…
I apologize in advance for…
（2）Directions:
You have worked in a Non-Governmental Organization for several years, but now you need to quit the job because you are moving to another city with your family. Write a letter to your boss Mr. Smith to tell him your decision and the reason, and your appreciation for the work experience in this agency.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to resign my present job in the next month. The main reason is that I will move to Qingdao to live permanently with my family, as Qingdao is my hometown.
Looking back upon my five-year experience in this organization, I have had a very happy and enjoyable time working with you and other colleagues, from whom I have received lots of help and have learnt much. Please accept my sincere gratitude, as well as my regret for not being able to serve here any longer.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的史密斯先生：
通过这封信我很遗憾地告诉您我计划在下个月辞去目前的工作，其主要原因是我将和我的家庭一起搬回我的家乡青岛，并将在那里长期居住。
回顾我在这个组织中五年的工作经历，我与您和众位同事度过了非常愉快的时光，你们给了我很多帮助，也教会了我很多东西。请接受我最诚挚的感激，我也非常遗憾不能在这里工作更长的时间。
您真挚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
permanently: adv. 长期的，永久的，不变的
look back upon: 回顾
enjoyable: adj. 令人愉快的
gratitude: n. 感激
万能句型：
I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to…
The main reason is that…
2、请求信 Letter of Request
写作“三步走”：
介绍自己、提出请求→说明原因及其它事项→表达谢意、期盼答复
Tips:
在许多情况下，请求信是写给不认识的人或者机构，所以在信的开头可以做一下简单的自我介绍。同时，由于提出的请求往往都是需要麻烦别人的事情，所以要注意语气的礼貌程度，不要吝啬你的感谢。
（1） 20##年真题
Directions:
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
To Whom It May Concern,
My name is Li Ming, a college student of Peking University, and I am writing in the hope of your assistance to find a needy child for whom I may provide financial support.
First and foremost I would like to declare that I possess the financial ability to implement this plan owing to my decent income from part-time jobs. As to the candidate, I am hoping that he/she comes from an elementary school of the less developed areas of Western China, who is forced out of school. I would like to pay for his/her tuition fee and other school expenses until he/she graduates from university.
Thank you for your time.
Yours cordially,
Li Ming
译文：
有关负责人：
我叫李明，是北京大学的学生。我给您写这封信的目的是希望可以资助一名贫困学生，请您帮我物色一名合适的人选。
首先我想声明我有着实现这个计划的财政能力，因为我现在的兼职工作可以给我带来不菲的收入。至于具体的人选，我希望他/她是来自经济落后的中国西部地区的一名小学生，因为贫困原因而被迫退学。我将支付该学生的学费和其它杂费等，直至其大学毕业。
感谢您的时间和耐心。
您真挚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
in the hope of: 希望
assistance: n. 帮助，协助
first and foremost: 首先
declare: v. 声明
possess: v. 拥有
implement: v. 实施
owe to: 因为，由于
decent income: 不错的收入
as to: 至于
less developed: 欠发达的
万能句型：
I am writing in the hope of your assistance to…
Thank you for your time.
（2）Directions:
You are preparing for your graduation thesis and are in urgent need of some reference materials. Write a letter to the National Library and ask for their help. Provide detailed information, and method of delivery and payment.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a senior student from Tianjin University, and I wonder if you could spare some time to help me look for two reference books, Communication Principles and Organizational Communication, both published by Foreign Language Press in 2000.
The two books are of particular importance to my graduation thesis, but I failed toobtain them from my university library as well as local bookstores. Could you please tell me whether the National Library has the mentioned books? If so, could you please do me the favor of photocopying and sending them to me by EMS? I would like to pay for the relevant expense by cash or credit card.
Looking forward to a prompt reply from you.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的先生或女士：
我是天津大学的一名大四学生，不知道是否可以占用您的一点时间帮我找两本参考书？它们分别是《传播学原理》和《组织传播学》，都是由外语出版社于20##年出版。
这两本书对于我的正在写作的毕业论文有着特别的重要意义，但是我在我们的大学图书馆和当地书店都没有找到它们。不知道国家图书馆是否藏有着两本书？如果有的话，不知您是否可以帮我复印一下并用特快专递寄给我呢？关于相关费用我会通过现金或者信用卡的形式进行支付。
希望能够尽快得到您的答复。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
senior student: 大四学生
spare some time: 花一些时间
fail to do sth: 没能做成某事
obtain: v. 得到，获得
photocopy: v. 复印
万能句型：
I am wondering if you could spare some time to…
Could you please do me the favor of…
I would like to pay for the relevant expense by cash or credit card.
Looking forward to a prompt reply from you.
3、建议信 Letter of Advice
写作“三步走”：
自我介绍、说明目的—>委婉地提出建议及改进措施，或提出忠告—>礼貌地总结或期盼回复
Tips:
提建议毕竟不是投诉，所以语言一定要委婉、礼貌，顾及他人感情。在提出缺点之前，最好先肯定其优点
（1） 20##年真题
Directions:
Write a litter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
To Whom It May Concern,
As a student of this university, I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always. Meanwhile, I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning the quality of the library service.
In the first place, I find that most keyboards of the library computers are in poor operation, which brings much inconvenience to the users. I would also recommend the library to improve the efficiency of purchasing new books and subscribing to academic journals. Last but not least, the study rooms need to be furnished with a better lighting system.
I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
译文：
有关负责人：
作为本校学生，首先我想利用这个机会对于您一直以来的帮助表示感谢。同时，我也想对图书馆的服务提出一些建议，相信将有助于服务的提高。
首先，我发现图书馆电脑的大部分键盘都有操作上的问题，给用户带来很多不便。我也想建议图书馆提高购买新书和定购学术期刊的工作效率。最后，自习教室的照明系统也需要进一步的改进。
我希望您能够认真考虑我的建议。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
take the opportunity to: 利用这个机会
beneficial: adj.有益的
keyboard: n. 键盘
purchase: v. 购买
subscribe to: 定购
be furnished with: 安装有
lighting system: 照明系统
万能句型：
I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always.
I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning…
In the first place…I would also recommend…Last but not least…
I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration.
（2）Directions:
Write a letter to the president of your college about the unpleasant conditions of the university dormitory, and suggesting possible solutions
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Sir,
As I am a freshman, I feel that it is my obligation to make some suggestions concerning the basic conditions of our dormitory.
Generally speaking, the dormitory building situates in a satisfying environment and is well-equipped. However, there are two unpleasant aspects that cause inconvenience to us: 1) the heating system is in need of improvement—it fails to maintain warmth in our rooms during the winter; 2) the furniture is not designed in a practical manner –there lacks a shelf to place books.
I would be more than happy if my proposal could be considered and positive changes take place in these regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的校长：
作为本校的一名大一新生，我觉得就学生宿舍条件提出一些建议是我应有的责任。
总的来说，我们的宿舍楼环境良好、设备齐全。但是，仍然存在一些不尽人意的方面，给我们的生活带来了不便：1、冬天室内暖气不足，供暖系统需要进一步改进；2、家具设计不合理，没有供我们放书的书架。
如果您能够考虑我的这些建议并使学校在以上方面做出改进，我将感激不尽。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
obligation: n. 义务，责任
generally speaking: 总的来说
situates: v. 处于
well-equipped: adj. 设备齐全的
maintain: v. 保持，维持
place: v. 放置
in a … manner: 以……的方式
万能句型：
A freshman as I am, I feel that it is my obligation to make some suggestions concerning…
I would be more than happy if my proposals could be considered and positive changes take place in these regards.
4、求职信 Cover Letter of Job Application
写作“三步走”：
自我介绍，说明求职目的—>展示个人能力、经历及求职动机—>希望面试机会、表示感谢
Tips:
由于篇幅较短，而申请者需要尽可能地向用人单位推销自己，所以在求职信中宜笼统概说自己的求学和工作经历，突出一至两个吸引眼球的闪光点即可。
（1）Directions:
You are a graduate student of X University, and you are interested in the position of business manager that is advertised on the newspaper. Write a letter to the company stating the reasons for your application, your qualification for the position, and asking for an interview.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to apply for the position of business manager you advertised in yesterday’sChina Daily.
To briefly introduce myself, I am a graduate student of Peking University majoring in business administration, and expect graduation this June.Not only have I excellent academic performance in all courses, I also possess the rich experience of assisting management staff of several renowned international companies, such as KPMG and Microsoft. My interactive personal skills and teamwork spirit are also appropriate for this post.For further information, please refer to my attached resume.
I would be grateful if you could arrange an interview at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的先生或女士：
我写信希望申请您昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘业务经理的广告。
首先请允许我简单介绍一下我自己，我是北京大学工商管理专业的大四学生，将于今年六月份毕业。我不仅学习成绩优秀，而且还有着在国际大公司担任管理人员助手的丰富经历，比如毕马威公司、微软公司等。我的个人交际能力和团队精神也非常适合这个职位。如果你需要进一步的信息，请参考附上的简历。
如果你能在方便之时尽早给我安排一次面试，我将不胜感激。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
business administration: 工商管理
renowned: adj. 著名的
interactive: adj. 相互的
teamwork spirit: 团队精神
appropriate: adj. 适当的
refer to: 参考
attach: v. 附上
arrange: v. 安排
万能句型：
I am writing to apply for the position of…you advertised in yesterday’s…
To briefly introduce myself, I am a gradute student of … University majoring in … and expect graduation this June.
Not only have I excellent academic performance in all courses, I also possess the rich experience of…
My interactive personal skills and teamwork spirit are also appropriate for this post.
I would be grateful if you could arrange an interview at your earliest convenience.
（2）Directions:
You have learnt from the university BBS that a famous IT company is recruiting a software programmer intern. Write a letter to the company’s HR manager, Mr. Wang, to express your wish of applying for the internship, state your qualifications, and suggest a personal interview.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am a computer science major from Peking University, and I am writing in response to your advertisement for recruiting a software programmer intern posted on our university BBS yesterday. I hope I can take the job.
The main reason for my confidence in this position lies in both my extensive academic training in software programming, and my work experience in the relevant industry which has further polished my abilities. Moreover, I have much spare time this semester, which can ensure my time commitment for the internship.Please find more details in my enclosed resume.
Thank you for your time and patience, and I would greatly appreciate it if you could grant me an interview.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的王先生：
我是北京大学计算机专业的学生，写这封信希望应聘您昨日在我校BBS上招募的计算机编程员实习生职位。我希望我能够得到这份工作。
我认为我适合这个职位的信心来源于两点，一是我在计算机编程方面得到了广泛的学术训练，二是我在相关行业的实习经历进一步增强了我在这个领域的能力。此外，我这个学期有很多空余时间，因此可以保证在实习岗位上的时间投入。具体内容请参见我随信附上的简历。
感谢您的时间和耐心，如果你能给我一次面试机会将不胜感激。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
extensive: adj. 广泛的
polish: v. 使…更好
relevant industry: 相关行业
spare time: 空闲时间
ensure: v. 保证
commitment: n. 许诺
enclose: v. 附寄
万能句型：
I am writing in response to your advertisement for…
The main reason for my confidence in this position lies in…
I have much spare time this semester, which can ensure my time commitment for the internship.
Please find more details in my enclosed resume.
Thank you for your time and patience, and I would greatly appreciate it if you could grant me an interview.
5、道歉信 Letter of Apology
写作“三步走”：
表示歉意—>说明具体原因、提出补救办法—>再次致歉、希望得到理解
Tips:
在写作过程中，尽可能提供比较合理的理由。如果违反生活常识将导致扣分。
在解释完原因后，尽量提供一个合适的补救办法，使行文更加完满。
（1）Directions:
You are invited to a dinner at a friend’s house, but you are not able to attend because of the preparation for a coming examination. Write a letter to your friends to express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a meeting at another time.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Anne,
Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening.Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot join you and your family, because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please don’t hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant chat with you.
Please allow me to say sorry again.
Regards,
Li Ming
译文：
亲爱的安：
感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是，我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约，因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾，我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了，在我考试后我们可以见一面么？如果可以的话请随时给我打电话，我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。
请允许我再一次致歉。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
occupy: v. 占用，占
get-together: n. 聚会，联欢会
hesitate: v. 犹豫，踌躇
drop sb. a line: 给某人打一个电话
preferable: adj. 更好的，更可取的
long for sth: 渴望
万能句型：
Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot…
I feel terribly sorry for missing the change of…
Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards?
If so, please don’t hesitate to drop me a call about your preferable date.
Please allow me to say sorry again.
（2）Directions:
You failed to finish an important task assigned by your professor because of a severe illness. Write a letter to your professor tp express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the loss.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Prof. Patent,
I am very sorry to inform you that I did not manage to complete the book report you assigned last week, due to a sudden illness falling upon me a few days ago. For the past few days I have been in hospital with a continuous fever, which has thus prevented me from any academic activity. I herebysubmit the doctor’s note.
I would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better.
Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的Patent教授：
我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告，因为几天前我突然生病了。过去的几天中我一直持续高烧，住在医院，因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。
如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽，因为现在我的身体正在好转。
希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
assign: v. 分配，指派
fall upon sb: 降临到某人身上
continuous: adj. 持续的
prevent sb from sth/doing sth: 使某人不能做某事
hereby: adv. 因此，据此
submit: v. 提交，递交
obliged: adj. 感激的
grant: v. 同意，准予
万能句型：
I am very sorry to inform you that I did not manage to complete…due to…
I would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task.
Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.
6、感谢信 Letter of Thanks
写作“三步走”：
表达感谢之情并说明原因—>提及自己曾受到对方的帮助—>再次感谢并表达回报愿望。
Tips:
表达的感激之情要恰到好处，不要过于夸张。
建议在结尾尽量表达希望回报对方的愿望，显得更加真诚。
Directions:
You have just come back from a student exchange program in the U.S. Write a letter to your host family in New York to express your gratitude for their hospitality, describe the help they gave you, offer to repay their help and invite them to visit you.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith,
I am now back to China safe and sound. In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you and your lovely children for your kindness and hospitality to host me when I was in New York. Your generous help and tender care made me feel warly welcomed and transformed my first American trip into a beautiful memory.
I do hope that your whole family pay a visit to China in future, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your friendship. I assure you that you would enjoy visiting here as I did at your home.
I feel obliged to thank you once more.
Love,
Li Ming
译文：
亲爱的史密斯先生和夫人：
我现在安全健康地回到了中国。通过这封信，我想表达我对于您二位和你们可爱的孩子们衷心的感谢，感谢您对我纽约之行的热情招待。你们的慷慨和对我的关心使我此行更加愉快，而我的第一次美国之行也因此变成了美好的回忆。
我非常希望你们能在将来访问中国，让我有机会回报你们的友谊，我保证你们会像我在纽约那样度过一个愉快的时光。
再一次向你们表示感谢。
爱你们的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
safe and sound: 安全健康
convey: v. 传达，转达
heartfelt: adj. 衷心的，真心实意的
generous: adj. 大方的，慷慨的
tender: adj. 温柔的
transform sth into sth: 把...变成 …
pay a visit: 访问
repay: 报答，偿还
万能句型：
In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to…
Your generous help and tender care made me feel warly welcomed and transformed my first American trip into a beautiful memory.
I assure you that you would enjoy visitng here as I did at your home.
I feel obliged to thank you once more.
7、申请信 Application Letter
写作“三步走”：
开宗明义说明申请原因—>展开原因—>期盼回复、表示感谢
Tips:
语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌。
要避免不符合事实的浮夸。
如果是留学申请和奖学金申请，要注意提供以下信息：写明申请学校和专业，简介个人履历，索取对方学校相关信息，附上个人经历等材料。
Directions:
Being a volunteer for the 20## Beijing Olympic Games is your strong wish. Write a letter to the Beijing Olympic Committee to state your application to be a volunteer, describe your qualifications, and express the appreciation of an interview.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to express my great interest in the “Olympic Volunteer Recruitment” launched recently by the Beijing Olympic Committee, and I would like to apply as a qualified candidate.
As I am an English major, my fluency in both Mandarin and English, as well as my basic command of French, guarantees that I meet the language requirement for the various volunteer positions. More importantly, I have been an enthusiastic participant in many international exchange programs—which are reflected in my attached resume—and therefore, I believe my communication skills make me competent for such a post.
Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful.
Yours truly
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的先生或女士：
我对北京奥组委最近启动的“奥运会志愿者招募”活动十分感兴趣，我认为我是一个合格的人选并且在此向您推荐我自己。
作为一个英语专业的学生，我的汉语和英语都十分流利，而且还会基本法语，因此我非常符合各种志愿者职位的语言要求。更重要的是，我一直以来积极热情地参与各种国际交流项目—这些经历都详细地反映在附件我的简历中—因此，我相信我的交流能力使我能够胜任这个职位。
如果您给我一个面试的机会，我将感激不尽。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
launch: v. 开始，启动
fluency: n. 流利
Mandarin: n. 普通话
guarantee: v. 保证
meet the requirement: 符合要求
enthusiastic: adj. 热情的
reflect: v. 反映
be competent for: 胜任（某项工作）
万能句型：
I am writing to express my great interest in…
I would like to apply as a qualified candidate.
As I am an X major…
Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful.
8、投诉信 Letter of Complaint
写作“三步走”：
说明投诉问题—>描述具体情况—>期待解决方案
Tips:
写投诉信时语气要冷静、郑重、克制，不必过于礼貌。但也要就事论事，不能进行人身攻击。同时，在描述问题时尽量采用被动句式，使描述更加客观合理。
Directions:
You bought a digital camera in a store last week, and you have found that there is something wrong with it. Write a letter to the store manager to explain the problem, express your complaints and suggest a solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Manager,
I venture to write to complain about the quality of the digital camera I bought last Friday at your store. During the five days the camera has been in my possession, problems have emergedone after another. For one thing, the screen is always black, making the camera no different from a traditional one. For another, the battery is distressing as it supports the camera’s operation for only two hours. Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund. I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention.
Yours,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的经理：
我冒昧给你写这封信，投诉我上周五在您商店里购买的数码相机的质量问题。购买至今的五天中，各种问题一个接一个地出现。一方面，相继屏幕总是黑屏，我们使用起来仿佛和传统相机没有区别。另一方面，电池的状况也不尽人意，只能支持相机工作两个小时。因此，我希望可以换一个相机，否则我要求退款。我希望这个问题能够得到足够的重视。
谨上，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
venture: v. 冒昧，斗胆
in sb’s possession: 拥有
emerge: v. 显现出来
one after another: 一个接一个
make sth no different from sth: 使…和…没有区别
distressing: adj. 令人苦恼的，使人痛苦的
万能句型：
I venture to write to complain about…
For one thing… For another…
Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another … or I declare a refund.
9、询问信 Letter of Inquiry
写作“三步走”：
自我介绍、说明目的—>具体询问事宜—>表示感谢、期盼回复
Tips:
询问信的语气通常比较正式、和缓，要充分表达感激之情。同时，相比较语气直接的疑问句，用一些能够起到提问作用的陈述句更佳。
Directions:
You and your family are planning for a trip to Hong Kong during the May holiday. Write a letter to a travel agency to explain your travel plans, ask for relevant information, and express your gratitude for a reply.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to ask for information about your agency’s Hong Kong travel pachages for the May holiday. My family and I plan to travel there from May 1st to 7th, in which period we would like to visit most of the scenic spots and shopping centers. A DIY program would be preferable.It would be greatly appreciated if you could provide us with yoru travel packages and their corresponding price per person, covering both hotel and a return ticket.
I would be grateful to receive a prompt reply as the holiday is approaching.
Yours cordially,
Li Ming
译文：
尊敬的先生或女士：
我想询问一下贵旅行社在五一假期的香港旅行计划方面的信息。我和我的家人计划在5月1日至7日去香港旅游，期间我们希望能够访问大部分的旅游景点和购物中心。我比较倾向于一个自助旅游的计划。如果您给为我提供一份具体的旅游计划及人均价格、其中包括旅馆和往返机票，我将不胜感激。
由于假期临近，希望您能够尽快回复，谢谢。
您真诚的，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
scenic spot: 景点
DIY: do it yourself, 自己动手的，自助的
corresponding: adj. 相应的
return ticket: 往返机票
approach: v. 接近，靠近
万能句型：
I am writing to ask for information about…
A DIY program would be preferable.
It would be greatly appreciated if you could provide us with your travel packages and their corresponding price per person, covering both hotel and a return ticket.
I would be grateful to receive a prompt reply.
10、邀请信 Invitation Letter
写作“三步走”：
说明邀请目的—>说明活动安排—>期待尽早回复
Tips:
信中要说明关于活动的详细信息，包括活动时间、地点、内容，有时需要说明参加活动的人员。语气要热情真挚，但不要强人所难。
Directions:
You are going to celebrate your 23rd birthday with a big party. Write a letter to invite your friend Anne to the party. In the letter, please specify the time and the location, explain the activities, and express your wish for her attendance.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Anne,
I wonder if there is any chance for your to come to my 23rd birthday party at my house on this Saturday night, May the 8th. It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. In addition, since you are a fan of rock music, I am glad to tell you that I have invited our campus Rock’n’Roll band, the “Brainbreak”, to perform. There are also arrangements for dancing and cake-cutting, which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy.
The dinner starts at 6 pm so that we can have a nice and long evening.
I would love for you to attend, so please let me know your decision.
Love,
Li Ming
译文：
亲爱的安：
不知你这周六（即5月8日）晚上是否能够来我家参加我的23岁生日派队？我非常想和你一起分享那些重要的时刻。此外，因为你是个摇滚乐歌迷，所以我也很高兴地告诉你，我还邀请到了我们的校园摇滚乐队“Brainbreak”来我的晚会演出。另外我还安排了舞会和切蛋糕等活动，相信你一定会玩得很开心。
晚饭将于6点开始，这样我们就能够享受一个漫长且愉快的夜晚。
我非常希望您能够光临我的晚会，请告知我你的决定。
谨上，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
fan: n. 歌迷，影迷，爱好者
rock music, Rock’n’Roll: 摇滚音乐
arrangement: n. 安排
cake-cutting: n. 切蛋糕
thoroughly: adv. 十分地，彻底地
presence: n. 出席，到场
万能句型：
I wonder if there is any chance for your to come to…
It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you.
I am glad to tell you that…
There are also arrangements for … which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy.
The dinner starts at … so that we can have a nice and long evening.
I would love for you to attend, so please let me know your decision.
11、祝贺信 Congratulation Letter
写作“三步走”：
说明事由并表达自己衷心的祝贺—>展开评论事件、赞扬收信人—>再次表达良好祝愿
Tips:
在写作主要内容的时候，可以重点赞扬一下当事人的优秀能力和取得成就的原因、并展望他将来的美好发展前景等。
Directions:
Your friend Jason is elected as the Chairman of the Students’ Union of your university. Write a letter to congratulate him, state the reason for his success, and express your best wishes and encouragement.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
范文：
Dear Jason,
I am much delighted to learn that you have been elected the Chairman of our University Students’ Union. This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement.
The Students’ Union plays an essential role in our campus life. Managing and leveraging such an organization not onlyposes a great challenge to you, but will alsofundamentally enhance your ability comprehensively. I believe this position will be a new beginning, and a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career.
Please accept my most sincere congratulations!
Best wishes,
Li Ming
译文：
亲爱的詹生：
听说你被选为学生会主席，我感到非常高兴。对你来说，这是一个特殊的时刻、一个高兴的时刻，我为你的成就而感到骄傲。
学生会在我们的校园生活中起到了重要的作用，要管理和权衡这个组织对于你提出了一个很大的挑战，同时也将综合地提高你的各方面能力。我相信这是一个新的开始，这个机会将使你拥抱一个充实的生活、并为你将来的灿烂未来打下基础。
请接受我最诚挚的祝福！
衷心的祝愿，
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
delighted: adj. 高兴的，欣喜的
achievement: n. 成就，功绩
essential: 本质的，基本的，重要的
play a … role: 起……的作用
leverage: v. 衡量，利用
pose a challenge to: 给……带来挑战
fundamentally: adv. 根本上
enhance: v. 提高，增强
comprehensive: adj. 全面的
embrace: v. 拥抱
pave the way for: 为...铺平道路
brilliant: adj. 灿烂的
万能句型：
I am much delighted to learn that…
This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement.
not only… but also…
I believe this position will be a new beginning, a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career.
Please accept my most sincere congratulations!
第三节、备忘录
写作“三步走”：
写明收文人、发文人、日期和事由—>说明具体事情及原因—>补充细节
Tips:
写备忘录的具体内容之前先把整个格式框架打好，以免时间不够遗忘了细节。
活动通知要说明时间、地点、需要做的准备以及其他注意事项。
要以正式和礼貌的语气来具体说明和解释事件的原因。
（1）Directions:
You are the organizer of a spring excursion activity in the suburbs of Beijing this weekend. Write a memorandum to remind the students of your department about the following items: the place to visit, the time and place to meet, and preparation for the activity.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
To: All students of the English Department
From: Class Monitor, Li Ming
Date: April 15, 2007
Subject: Spring Excursion
As spring arrives and the weather turns to be more agreeable, the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in suburban Huairou District, which is not far away from the city of Beijing, on this Sunday, April 20th. Activities include mountain-climbing and picnic. All students of the English Department are encouraged to participate. We remind you of the necessity of bringing some food and water, as well as wearing comfortable shoes.
We will meet at the west gate of the university at 9am, Sunday; a bus has been arranged. Please be punctual so that we have enough time to enjoy the beautiful nature.
译文：
收文人：所有英语系学生
发文人：班长，李明
日期：20##年4月15日
主题：春游
随着春天的来临，气候变得更加宜人，本系决定于本周日，即4月20日，组织全系同学去北京市郊的怀柔踏春郊游。具体活动包括爬山和野餐。我们鼓励所有英语系的同学们都积极参与这项活动。我们也要提醒大家带上水、食物和舒适的鞋。
我们将在周日上午9点在学校西门集合等车。请大家准时到达，以便我们有更多的时间享受美好的自然风光。
闪光词汇及词组：
agreeable: adj.惬意的，使人愉快的
spring excursion: 春游
suburban: adj. 郊区的
necessity: n. 必要性，必需品
punctual: adj. 准时的
万能句型：
We remind you of the necessity of…
Please be punctual so that we have enough time to…
（2）Directions:
Suppose you are an HR manager of a company, and your department is organizing a computer course for all the company’s employees. Write a memorandum to the staff about the details of the training, including the purpose and content of the course, the time and place of class, and any other relevant information.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
To: All full-time employees
From: HR Manager, Li Ming
Date: May 9th, 2007
Subject: Computer course
An investigation conducted by the HR Department last month revealsthe fact that a high rate of computer illiteracycontributes to a severe inefficiency of our company. As a result, it has been decided that all full-time employees are to attend a computer course—which will take place every Monday night from 7pm to 9pm in the company meeting room A and B—for the duration of two months. Employees are able to sign up for the basic or advanced levels of the course according to their present computer skills. Please register for the course at the company reception desk before May 15th. Further suggestions will be appreciated so that the program can be more fruitful.
译文：
收文人：所有全职员工
发文人：人力资源经理，李明
日期：20##年5月9日
主题：计算机课程
人力资源部上个月进行的一项调查显示，公司的许多人不会使用电脑导致了工作效率的低下。因此，我们决定为所有的全职员工开办一个为期两个月的计算机课程，于每周一晚上7点到9点之间在公司的会议室A和B举行。每个员工都可以根据自己目前的计算机水平选择初级或高级课程。请于5月15日之前到公司接待处报名。欢迎提出更好的意见和建议，是我们的这个项目更加富有成果。
闪光词汇及词组：
full-time: adj. 全职的
reveal: v. 揭示，展示，显示
illiteracy: n. 文盲
contribute to: 导致
severe: adj. 严重的，严厉的，严峻的
duration: n. 持续时间，为期
register: v. 登记，注册
万能句型：
… reveals the fact that…
As a result, it has been decided that…
Further suggestions will be appreciated so that the program can be more fruitful.
第四节、便笺
写作“三步走”：
日期—>说明事由和目的—>直接署名
Tips:
日期通常写在便笺的右上角。
由于便笺提及的事情通常都是发生在近期的事情，所以日期写明年月即可。
开头的称呼通常直接写名字，省略Dear。称呼和最后的署名都比较简单随意。
（1）Directions:
You want to borrow a book from your classmates Kate. Leave her a note which contains the name of the book in need, the time you hope to keep the book, as well as your gratitude.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
范文：
Mar. 8th
Kate,
I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book.
With many thanks,
Li Ming
译文：
凯特：
不知你是否可以借我你的那本《MLA学术写作手册》一用呢？我现在正在准备写我的毕业论文，需要不时地参考那本书中的标准格式。因此，我需要这本书大约一个半月的时间，我希望不会因此给你带来麻烦。我保证我会好好保护这本书，不让其受损。如果可能的话，请给我一个电话，我可以来你家取书。
非常感谢。
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
in the process of:在……的过程中
consult: v. 参考，请教，商议，咨询
now and then: 不时地
standard: 标准的
万能句型：
I wonder if you can…
I assure you that I will…
If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up…
With many thanks,
（2）Directions:
You are going to attend a concert with your friend Peter. Write a note to tell him what the concert is about. Please also specify the time and place of the concert, the price of the ticket, and where you put the ticket.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
范文：
Sep.20th
Peter,
Do you remember I mentioned last week that the famous young Chinese pianist Lang Lang is going to hold a concert on our campus? Well, I succeeded in buying two cheapest tickets for both of us, that is, 20 yuan each. I hear that Lang Lang plans to present a diverse combination of works of classical musicians such as Beethoven, Bach and Mozart., which surely will satisfy enthusiastic followers of classical music like you and me. The concert starts at 7pm this Saturday night, and I have left ticket on your desk beside your laptop.
See you at the concert.
Lin Ming
译文：
彼得：
你还记得我上周提起过著名的年轻华人钢琴演奏家朗朗将在我们学校举办音乐会么？我成功地给我们两个人买到了两张票，是最便宜的20元每张。我听说朗朗计划演奏许多著名古典音乐家的作品，包括贝多芬、巴赫和莫扎特，这一定能满足像你我这样的古典音乐爱好者的愿望。音乐会将在周六晚上7点开始，我把票放在了你的桌上，在笔记本电脑旁边。
音乐会上见！
李明
闪光词汇及词组：
succeed in sth/doing sth: 成功地做某事
diverse: adj. 不同的，多样的
classical musicians, classical music: 古典音乐家，古典音乐
enthusiastic: 热心的，热情的
follower: n. 追随者
laptop: n. 笔记本电脑 （相应的台式机可以成为desktop）
图表图画作文模板
表明观点:
模板1：
As is shown in the picture above, . Obviously from we can surmise that .
It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature. For instance, . Additionally, we can also hear many stories about . Not to mention those moving cases of .
All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a . By , people not only harvest , but also gain that can never be purchased via money.
模板2：
, just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to . It is rather good news to .
The picture reminds us that in China, due to , . Moreover, there are . In addition, we should not forget .
is a good way to express human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals’ sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that . I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of .
模板3：
As the old Chinese saying goes, . It echoes with this picture in which . The title of the picture further points out that .
The picture is meant to . As far as I am concerned, I think . This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of , where .
A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of . , for example, . The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from .
模板4：
From the picture we can perceive that . What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that . It is known to all that , but it seems .
The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that . Ultimately, the trend boils down to . Accordingly, . To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking .
In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating. First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus that . Besides, an awareness of should be infused into everybody’s mind.
阐述现象
这种类型的文章主要描述一些现象并具体分析解释现象的原因等。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第二段分析该现象的原因、意义等，第三段总结观点、或提出建议。
模板1：
It is a very eye-catching photo in which . What makes this picture extraordinary is , which clearly indicates .
The sense of that permeates this picture is representative of , that is, , and therefore, . China, in particular, . The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by .
While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary. is not only featured by , but more importantly, by . I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.
模板2：
What is presented here is a very interesting scenario. . From the subtitle we can infer that . Conspicuously, .
We can deduce from the picture that . It partly owes to , and partly to . Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating . For example, .
From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witness . To sum up, . As for China, . Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.
模板3：
As the title indicates, “ ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that . It is discernable that .
The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is, . That is to say, . Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects. Firstly, . Secondly, . Last but not the least, .
In my point of view, , but it is only part of the picture. On the other hand, . Therefore, it is an urgent task to . As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.
模板4：
The picture shows . symbolizes . As is quoted in the picture, .
It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast with . One the one hand, the problem partially attributes to . Sometimes . On the other hand, . For example, , while .
In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect. proves to be most beneficial to students. Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue.
模板5：
The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene. The artist purposefully exaggerates . This picture reveals the in-depth problem of .
In fact, . There are two reasons for this. The first and perhaps most important is that . The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view. . It owes to .
In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our . What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that, . Therefore, I strongly contend that .
模板6：
There is a popular Chinese song, named “ ”, which encourages . However,the in the picture does but for a very different reason— . From the facial expression of we can read .
Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today’s society, for which are responsible. For one thing, . For another, . As a matter of fact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnesses a deterioration of .
The above analysis is best exemplified by . In my opinion, the awareness of is elementary for paving the way towards success.
社会热点
模板1：
The two pictures illustrate vividly . In the left picture , while in the right .
From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of . Aside from , another telling example is , which was so successful in that . The pictures also make it obvious that we should .
Admittedly, it is natural that . Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to . In my opinion, what’s the more important is to . In short, .
模板2：
It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem: . In this drawing, . Even .
It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of . Though the drawing is a little exaggerating, it is not rare for us to find in . If we let this situation of continues, it not only harms , but also prevents .
Accordingly, we urgently call for . Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations, it still fail三 to . In my opinion, this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits. I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible.