20xx年医学考博英语写作必记词汇 20xx年医学考博英语写作必记词汇汇总
医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（一）
（一）医疗、医院、医生
1 、医生
① doctor medical worker
② physician 内科医生
③ surgeon 外科医生
④ doctor in charge 主治医生
⑤ intern 实习医生
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生
2 、医院
① hospital
The specialized hospital 专科医院
The general hospital 普通医院
The community hospital 社区医院
The public hospital 公立医院
The private hospital 私立医院
② clinc 门诊
Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊
③ ward 病房
④ medical team 医疗队
3 医疗手段
① drug therapy 药物治疗
② medical treatment 医疗
③ medical instruments 医疗器械
④ diagnose （v） 诊断 （n） diagnosis
⑤ prevent （v） 预防
⑥ sterilize （v） 消毒 |
⑦ administrate a drug 给药
⑧ prevent and treat disease （v） 预防和治疗疾病 ⑨ TCM 中医
⑩ chemotherapy 化疗
（11） medical service 医疗服务
（12） complain of （v） 主述
（13） health checkup 健康普查
（14） diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗
（15） consult the doctor（v） 咨询 ;
4 、医疗体制 （1 ）healthcare system 医疗体制 （2 ）medical disputes 医疗纠纷 （3 ）medical accident 医疗事故
（4 ）the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 （5 ）medical insurance system 医疗保险体系
（6 ）medical aid fund 医疗救助基金
5 、医德
（1 ）medical ethics 医德
（2 ）patient-oriented 以病人为核心
（3 ）humanistic 人道主义的
（4 ）compassionate 富于同情性的
（5 ）considerate 体贴周到的
（6 ）resolute 果断的
（7 ）service quality 服务质量
（8 ）to give top priority to the lives and health of people 6 、病人
（1 ）patient
（2 ）the sick
（3 ）the invalid
（4） sufferer
医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（二）
必知疾病名称
1 、 患病的表达方式
? suffer from （v ）
（2） contract （v ）
（3） people with some disease 患病人群
（4） the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 2 、必知疾病名称
heart disease 心脏病
hypertension 高血压
kidney problem 肾病
stroke 休克
the blood pressure 血压
diabetes 糖尿病
obesity 肥胖
terminal illness 绝症
incurable illness 不治之症
cancer 癌症
tumor 肿瘤
cancer of early stage 癌症晚期
emergency case 急症
servious illness 重症
the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病
short breath 短气
syndrome 综合症
complications 并发症
process 病程
bone loss 骨质疏松
short-sighted （adj）近视
3 、其他相关词汇
outbreak and spending
break out （v） 疾病的爆发
spread （v） 疾病的扩散
the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率
taboo 禁忌
speed up blood circulation （v）
improve the cardiac functions （v）
side effects 副反应
complain of 主述
4 、传染病专题
（1） 感染源
virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 （2 ）传染疾病
some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫
influenza （简）flu 流感
infection contagion 传染病
infectious diseases 传染病
AIDS 艾滋病
SARS （3） 传染 epidemic （a） 流行的，传染的 block the chanel （v）
disseminate 传播
cross infection 交叉感染
5 、疾病名称
illness
sickness
disease
ailment
suffering
6 、疾病的转归
（1 ）疾病的恢复
recover recovery
recuperate
resume
recruit
reinstate
（2） 疾病的恶化
deteriorate
aggravate
exasperate
make worse
worsen
医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（三） 药物
1 、药物名称
medicine
drug
remedy
medicinal herbs
power
tablet
pill
2 、相关词汇
drug therapy 药物治疗
side effects 副反应
drug abuse 药物滥用
drugstore 药房
over the counter 非处方药
drug allergy 药物过敏
drug poisoning 药物中毒
prescription 处方
expenses for medicine 药费
charges for medicine
drug rebate 药品回扣
3 、药物用法
开药 ：
prescribe some medicine for some diseases write out a proscription
服药
take a medicine
治…的疾病
a remedy for some diseases
医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（四） 心理疾病
1 、心理学专业词汇
subhealth 亚健康
psychological benefits 心理健康 psychological problem 心理问题 psychological consultation 心理咨询 psychological obstacles 心理障碍 mental obstacles 心理障碍
psychological massage 心理按摩 psychology 心理学/ 心理
psychotherapy 心理治疗
psychological expert 心理专家
2 、相关词汇
questionnaire
3 、情绪词汇
overcome
disappoint
disappointed
shy ，
flush
frustration
failure
willpower
optimism
optimistical
be sensitive to
nervous
tensional
sad agony pessimism pessimistic
confident confidence
stress pressure
depress depressed
depression depressive
4 、疲劳相关词汇
fatigue tire （v） weariness （n） tired（a） 医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（五） 肥胖与营养
1 、营养物质
nutrient 营养素
protein 蛋白质
fat 脂肪
glucose 葡萄糖
vitamin 维生素
sugar 糖类
heat calories quantity of heat 热量
carbohydrate 碳水化合物
soft drink beverage 软饮料
cholesterol胆固醇
2 、营养与饮食
a well-balanced diet
nutrition 营养
nutritional 营养的
exhausted（a）fatigued （a）weary
第二篇：20xx年考博英语作文指导
20xx年考博英语作文指导：必看范文
Communication and Language
One of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.
Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position. But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication. Sometimes, we “say” more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.
Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of
communication. Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites. Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth. The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex. But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.
Part-time Jobs for College Students
Nowadays, many college boys and girls take part-time jobs in their spare time. Some are employed by the companies near the campus, working as office clerks or computer programmers. Others have become salespersons for the commercial
businesses. Foreign language students may serve as interpreters or translators where international cooperation is carried out. Or they may become tour guides for travel agencies. Also, it is a common practice for girl students to become governesses helping children with their school work in their homes.
Many people, including some professors and parents, make no secret of their disapproval of this. On the one hand, they argue that academic pursuit is the main task for college students and that taking part-time jobs distracts their attention and consumes a lot of energy needed. On the other hand, professors and parents tend to believe that college boys and girls need to further cultivate
their personality and develop their sense of responsibility before they can be ready for any serious jobs.
But in my opinion, every coin has two sides. It is true that the students’ major task is to study. It is also true that taking part-time jobs will take a lot of time and energy. However, if the students can learn to arrange their time properly, the professors and parents might as well be relieved from all their worries. As many students take jobs related to their fields of study, they can gain some first-hand experience instead of being distracted from their study. Moreover, treated as full adults on their part-time jobs, they will develop their sense of responsibility very soon. When they finally graduate, they will find themselves in a more agreeable social environment.(280w)
Generation Gap
Despite various improvements in all aspects of social life, the generation gap between the grown-up and the young remains unbridged. Instead, it grows wider apart.
Nowadays, the youths do not blindly follow what their elder say. Owing to widespread edcuation, the influence of western civilization, to certain extent, gives them a new code of philosophy, which is completely different from that of their elders. An invisible cold wall thus appears between the two generations.
Modern youths are trying to be more revolutionary. They have their own interpretation fro different matters; they also have their own ideals. Their reluctance to learn old teaching and sayings becomes the constant friction between the two generations. They always introduce new changes. However, the old people, wedded to everything of the past, are hostile to changes and the generation gap becomes wider and wider.
After all, the young generation, like the old one, is made of flesh and blood. The young also need respect and they also have skills and good ideas. In order to narrow the gap, both groups should try to understand each other. Most probably, these suggestions may help to solve the problem.
Human Education
The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese
intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.
With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more and more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture. Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.
It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.
To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.
Criticism on Television
A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child
psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.
For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.
The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.
A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life. There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.
In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.
Public Transportation
As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.
There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses
or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.
There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.
The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.
Should Men and Women Be Equal?
Should men and women be equal? This is a question much talked about by many people. Some hold the opinion that men are superiro to women in many ways. For one thing, many a job men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough; and for another, most of the word-famous scientists or statemen are found to be males. Moreover, the whole human society seems to have all along been dominated by men only. Isn’t it evident enough to show that men are a lot stronger than women? Hence, the former should enjoy more rights than the latter.
Other people, however, think quite differently on this question. They firmly believe that men and women are born equal. And women are certainly as talented as men if they are given equal opportunities of education. Isn’t it a fact known to us all that women have been working side by side with men in China and elsewhere in the wordl? Like their men folks, they have been distinguishing themselves not only in research institutions, but in government bodies and other organizations as well.
Personally, I am firmly standing on the side of those women’s rights defenders. Since men and women are playing an equally important role in all human activities, why should not they be on an equal footing? Furthermore, from time immemorial, there have been two sex groups, namely, men and women. Our Human society could definitely not have existed or advanced without either of them. Is it wonder that men and women ought to be equal and enjoy equal rights accordingly?
Fast Food
Fast food is becoming more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers. Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents the fast pace of modern society as powerfully as fast food.
There are several reasons for its popularity. First, it is very convenient and saves a lot of time. The trends of modern society seem to all point to one ultimate goal--saving time, and fast food well serves this purpose. You just go into a fast food restaurant, order your food, and your food is ready in no time. You can either eat it there or take it away. Second, its popularity is also attributed to the clean and comfortable environment of fast food restaurants, the excellent ervice, and the guaranteed quality of food.
However, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. It usually does not compose a balanced diet and is low in nutritional value. Thus, doctors suggest that people, especially children, eat fast food as little as possible. Although cooking at home is time-consuming and the following washing-up tiresome, it offers healthy and delicious meals your body likes and needs. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry and turn to it once in a while.
Compare with the domestic hen and the duck
The domestic hen and the duck both belong to the bird category. They have some features in common such as wings, feet, beak, flight, nest, migration, food and eggs. The domestic hen has short wings which it rarely uses because it has a heavy body and lives on the ground. It is clumsy in flight and can cover only short distances. Its feet are designed for scratching the ground to find seeds and worms. It will also eat almost any other kind of food. Hens nest on the ground. They have been bred for egg production and can lay up to 300 eggs a year.
A duck has webbed feet so that it can swim easily and walk on soft ground. It has a long, flat beak which it uses to search for food in river and pond mud. It has powerful wings which enable it to fly long distances. It nests in grass at water’s edge. Ducks migrate long distances. A duck lays 5 to 12 eggs at a time and may lay twice a year.
In conclusion, although there are something different among these two birds, the basic features are quite similar.
what kind of life to live-realistic or romantic ?
There has always been an argument between the young and the old about what kind of life to live-realistic or romantic. Young people tend to think real think that real lofe is as dramatic and fascimating as it is in the novels and movies while more experiened adults think this na?ve daydream is certain to be broken by later experiences and everyone should learn to get used to the dull routine of his everydy life.
However, there are some inadequacies in the opinions on the part of both sides. Life will be unimaginable if everything we do is only for realistic purpose, and the same is true if what we do everyday is just to enjoy ourselves. So it’s not difficult for us to see that neither way can ensure a happy life.
In my opinion, a real happy lofe can never be separated from either of the two ways. On the one hand, let’s enjoy life-enjoy the excitement of sports. On the other, let’s not forget our work. Happy life can never go without hard work.
What Would Happen if No Attention Paid to The Environmental Protection
With the development of our society, people want more convenience and comfort. Some European countries such as Switzerland and Sweden can be taken as good examples.
However, our environment has been seriously polluted. Many factories or farmlands not only polluted themselves but also bring about pollution to the whole society. Sewage water, poisonous gases and waste mineral material are now destroying our environment.
Facing the situation, I think, we must be aware of the long-lasting consequences of our actions. Strict laws must be imposed to punish those who pollute the
environment. What is more important is for everybody to realize that only when we have a clean environment can we develop our economy in a healthy and sustainable manner for the future generations.
On University Tuition System a in China
Tuition system has become one of the hottest topics in China since it was put into effect. Different people have different opinions on it.
Some people think that there is no university in the world which is open to students without tuition. As far as China is concerned, it is a developing country with the largest population in the world. The government is unable to allocate enough funds to pay for various teaching facilities and many different kinds of expenses. One of the ways to relieve the problem is for students to pay tuition. The money raised in this way can be used to improve the conditions for running schools.
Others, however, are opposed to the tuition system. They argue that the living standard of the Chinese people, especially of those in the poor rural areas, is still low, compared with that in the Western World. The university tuition will certainly add to the already heavy burden of the parents, who live on their salaries or wages. Moreover, tuition may become an obstacle to the
development of China’s higher education. This is because it hinders some talented people from entering the university just on account of their poverty.