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分类号 编号 （FX）1240112012375
中美医学教育差异的跨文化对比分析
An Intercultural Contrast and Analysis about the Differences
between Chinese Medical Education and American Medical
Education
单位名称及地址 南方医科大学外国语学院（广州市广州大道北1838号） 专业名称 英语（辅修/双学位）
20xx年4月20日
20xx年5月25日
唐伟胜 教授
论文提交日期 论文答辩日期 答辩委员会主席
An Intercultural Contrast and Analysis about the Differences between Chinese Medical Education and American Medical
Education
Supervised by
A paper submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the
degree of Bachelor of Arts
School of Foreign Studies
Southern Medical University
July 2012
南方医科大学
本科毕业论文（设计）原创保证书
本人保证所提交的毕业论文（设计）都是独立完成，如有抄袭、剽窃、雷同等现象，愿承担相应后果，接受学校的处理。
专业：英语（辅修） 年级：2010级
月 日
Acknowledgement
I’m extremely grateful for the support from my supervisor, Bin Ke, for his invaluable guidance. Though quite busy, he showed unfailing patience in proof-reading my thesis and provided many valuable suggestions for my improvement. His instruction offered enlightenment for the completion of my thesis.
I
从文化层面对中美医学教育的差异进行对比分析，发现中美两国医学教育是在医学教育投入、本科录取，
教育方法、教育形式、再教育方面都存在差异，并均与各自文化取向有关。通过该对比，本文讨论了当前中国医学教育的不足之处，为中国医学教育的改革提供参考。
关键词：克拉克洪； 价值五维度理论； 医学教育； 差异
II
Taking Kluckhohn et al.’
s Five Value Dimensions Theory as the theoretical framework, this paper makes a comparative analysis of medical education differences between China and America. Contrastive description shows that these differences exist in many sectors, mainly the investment, the admission requirement, the education method, the teaching style, and the reeducation, and all the differences have cultural roots which distinguish the two cultures. This paper further discusses the current deficiency of Chinese medical education and provides reference for medical education reform through this comparison.
Key words: Kluckhohn; Five Value Dimensions Theory; medical education; differences III
.…I 1
1.1 Research Orientation ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Questions ......................................................................................... 1
2. Literature Review .................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Definition of Culture ....................................................................................... 2
2.2 Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Five Value Orientations Theory ................... 3
2.3 Medical Education ........................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
3. The Contrastive Description ................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
3.1 Investment in Healthcare System ................................ 错误！未定义书签。
3.2 Admission Requirement ............................................... 错误！未定义书签。
3.3 Teaching Method ........................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
3.4 Teaching Style ................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
3.5 Reeducation ................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
4. The Intercultural Discussion ................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
4.1 The Relationship of Humans to the Nature ................ 错误！未定义书签。
4.2 The Nature of Humanity .............................................. 错误！未定义书签。
4.3 Activity Orientation ...................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
4.4 Focus of Responsibility ................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
4.5 Time Orientation ........................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
5. Conclusion and Implication .................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
Bibliography ................................................. .............................. ................... ........ 28
IV
An Intercultural Contrast and Analysis about the Differences between Chinese
Medical Education and American Medical Education
1. Introduction
with healthy currently there’re obvious differences between Chinese medical education and American medical education. This paper is mainly to analyze these possible differences under the framework of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Five Value Orientations Theory, so as to discover the cultural reasons behind.
1.1 Research Orientation
In the new age, people pay more attention to health issues, and they and hope to be served with higher quality of medical service.
1.2 Research Questions
Under the guidance of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Five Value Orientations Theory, this paper tries to answer the following questions:
1. What’re the possible differences between Chinese medical education and
American medical education?
2. What’re the possible cultural explanations that best reveal the cultural nuclear
1
of these differences?
3. What possible implication do this contrast and analysis bring to the advancement of China’s medical education?
2. Literature Review
“It is too difficult and too expensive to see a doctor.”
This has long been a frequent complaint and headache among Chinese people. Either the government or the general public agrees that health care reform need to be made, and there is no time to delay. Of course, there are more than just some reasons that lead to this problem. However, we are questioning that whether the medical education system in China has something to do with it or not.
2.1 Definition of Culture
Cultures are based on empirical knowledge gathered through trial and error involving the interrelationship between the natural environment, social organization and technical knowledge (Mabogunje et al 1978). It refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving ( Hofstede,1997).
2
2.2 Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Five Value Orientations Theory
There are so many dimensions in which cultures may differ from each other. Among them, the husband and wife team of American anthropologists, Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn, along with their fellow anthropologist Frederick Strodtbeck, have provided with one of the needed tools for comparing Cultures, the Five Value Orientations Theory.
Table 1. Brief Hypotheses of the Five Orientations Theory (Medpac, 2011)
3
[1]. Bhagat, R. S. & Steers R. M.(2009) Cambridge Handbook of Culture,
Organizations, and Work[M]. Cambridge University Press.
[2]. Collier, C. E. (2010). The government investment in health care information
technology in the U.S. [J]. ELT Magazine 3: 36-41.
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