农村初中英语作文过程写作法指导研究课题方案

江山市大桥初中 周育红

一、课题研究的背景和意义

20世纪40年代中期，以行为主义心理学和结构主义语言学为基础的听说法视写作为巩固口语手段的“写话”。因此，写作教学的目的与口语一样，是为了形成语言习惯。

20世纪六七十年代以前，外语写作教学模式对语言学习中写作的探讨一般停留在文本评析上，很少论及作者的思维，这一时期称为文本分析阶段。

当前的写作过程模式较70年代有个很大的扩展。在实际的第二语言写作教学中，它有以下特点：

（1）写作是一个复杂的思维过程。必须为学生营造一个积极、合作与富有鼓励性的写作环境，使他们乐于写作，充分发挥自己的思维能力。

（2）写作需要有明确的动机与积极的态度。写作的题目应结合学生的实际生活需要，使他们具有写作的愿望，而不是为了应付教师而做的作业。在写作效果不理想时，要认识到写作是一个长期训练的过程，不可能一蹴而就。只要坚持不懈地练习，第二语言的写作水平是能够提高的。

（3）写作教学需包括句型、词汇等语言知识的书面练习，应注意句子与段落间关连的语篇结构，应培养学生的批判性思维与逻辑推理能力。

（4）传统的写作从作者个人表达思想与感情出发，但未考虑读者（写作的对象）。在日常工作中，根据不同的写作目的与对象，作者扮演的角色不同，写作的风格与形式差异很大。

（5）使用第一语言与第二语言中存在文化差异。用第二语言写作时，应遵循使用第二语言为母语的人之社会准则，不能照搬学习者习以为常的本民族社会与文化知识。因此，在写作教学中应注意加强第一与第二语言社会文化知识对比的教学。

据了解，每年上交的学术论文中，有关写作的探讨较少。部分写作课的课堂教学流于形式，大多演变成对范文的技术性分析，使写作课堂变成讲解词汇、分析语法的场所，从而失去了写作课应用的特色。在各种课型中，写作课也许是教师最不愿意上的课。不仅备课量大，资料的收集和整理也要花费大量的时间。然而，与投入不成正比的是，不少学生不喜欢上写作课，将写作看成负担，写出来的文章错误百出、枯燥无味。老师花费时间和心血批改的作文也少有学生仔细阅读，更不要提认真揣摩了。备课——上课——批改，这个程序似乎陷入恶性循环，将师生双方搞得索然无味而又身心疲惫。这不是个别学校或个别老师的现象，相反，它具有相当广泛的普遍性。如何采取有效策略提高初中学生的写作兴趣及写作水平成为亟待解决的问题。而过程写作法不失为一条可以好途径。

二、国内外相关课题研究情况

早在20世纪70年代，西方语言学家就指出了传统成品写作教学法的不足，提出了过程写作教学法，他们将写作过程视为一种极为复杂的心理认知过程和语言交流过程。过程写作法的首创者、美国西北大学教授Wallace Douglas 指出：“写作是一个过程，写作课教授的应该是构成协作过程的一步步的操作方法。”美国的Raimes 和 Zamel 是将过程写作应用与英语作为第二语言教学实践的两位倡导者，他们证实了这一方法的可行性，并大力推广过程写作法。Zamel 强调“写作的重点应放在写作表达和创造的过程中”； Raimes 也表明“倘若我们仅仅对写作成品而不对写作过程产生兴趣，则学生写作将不会受益”。

三、课题的界定与理论依据

1、概念界定：过程写作法运用写前准备、初稿、反馈、修改及重写五个阶段，使学生在写作过程中掌握写作技巧，提高写作能力。以交际理论为基础，注重交际和交际能力的配制以及评议的交互过程。它以新的目光看待语言学习总学习者的外部关系，而不是研究学生所谓形成习惯的学习风格。过程写作法将学生视为写作主体，强调让学生体验写作的全过程，多采用课堂交互活动使学生在循环往复的交互过程中挖掘和创造主题意义。

2、理论依据：加强写作教学的策略研究是当前中学英语课改的要求之一。

国家教育部于20xx年颁布的《英语课程标准》明确指出：“语言技能是构成语言交际能力的重要组成部分。语言技能包括听、说、读、写四个方面以及这四种技能的综合运用能力。”其中听、读为理解的技能，也是信息输入的过程；说、写是表达的技能，也是信息输出的过程。多年来，我们一直使用成品教学法作为写作教学的模式，其弊端已然彰显。在现代写作教学课堂中，逐步引入过程法进行教学已成趋势。

四、课题研究的预期目标及主要内容

1、研究的内容

⑴如何帮助学生形成良好的写作习惯：

①平时加强阅读，尤其是要保证一定量的英语阅读，在吸收各方面知识的同时，加强对英语文章的感性认识；

②勤于思考，学会构思，心中有谱；经常做“脑部体操”，即我们平时常说的“头脑风暴”。

③做日常生活的有心人，勤于思考，善于观察，养成记随笔的习惯。 ④将平时所见所闻中有感触的东西以随笔的方式简单记录下来，也是一种积累资料的方法。

⑵有效的学习策略的研究。

2、研究的主要目标

①提高学生对文章的感性认识，积累一定的写作素材；

②养成良好的写作习惯，学会构建写作提纲；

③学会收集资料，做生活的有心人。

五、研究的步骤

1、准备阶段（20xx年5月-8月）

①确定课题，成立课题组，加强理论学习，对课题组成员进行课程开发能力

培训。

②结合我校学生英语写作水平的实际，初步指定活动的目标、主题、内容、方式及相关的活动形式。

③制定课题研究的实施方案，落实课题组成员分工。

2、实施阶段（20xx年9月-20xx年10月）

①实施研究方案，根据活动课程有计划、有步骤地进行实施，并及时对实施过程中出现的问题进行解决与总结。

②20xx年2月对实施结果进行阶段性总结，写出经验与不足，为下一阶段活动的顺利实施做好准备。

3、总结阶段（20xx年9月-10月）

撰写结题报告，结题鉴定。

六、课题研究的方法

文献法、课堂活动研究法

七、课题研究的条件分析

本课题组负责人有着较强的科研能力，并已对此方面的相关课题取得一定的前期研究成果；课题组其他成员都是一线教师，对该课题也均有一定研究，具有较强的研究能力。

八、课题组成员分工

组长：周育红 设计并组织实施方案、撰写报告

成员：严稷盈 实施方案、教学实践、总结方法经验

姜勤芳 实施方案、教学实践、收集资料

第二篇：初中英语作文写作

突发事件问题

从非典到雪灾，从地震到甲型HINI流感病例（A/HINI flu cases）

典型例句

1.one +of + 形容词最高级+ 名词复数

One of the biggest events in China in 2008 is that the earthquake happened in WenChuan.

2. It's our duty to do sth

It's our duty to help them.

3.As?.as possible

We shoud help them as much as possible.

4.here be?..

Here are lots of things we can do.

5.We shoud keep calm instead of being afraid.

6.make +sb+ 形容词

It makes many people homeless.

7. too ?..to

They are too young to look after themselves

I think all of us should try our best to help them to get out of the trouble together.

“5.12”汶川大地震后，某校将开展“人人为灾区孩子献爱心”的主题班会活动，现在请你以学生会的名义写一份倡议书，内容要点如下：

1.许多孩子地震后不能上学 2.。没有足够的学习用品和衣物 3.每个孩子都应该有上学的权利

4.我们应该作一些力所能及的事情去帮助、他们，比如?? 5.希望他们能尽快重返校园??.

注意：1.可根据要点，适当发挥，（参考词汇：school things, have the right to do something, as possible as one can）

2.词数：70词左右

参考作文：

Dear students，

After the terrible earthquake, there are lots of children out of school. Some of them are even homeless.Their schools and houses have destroyed. They can just live in the open air. They don’t have enough school things or clothes .As we all know, every kid has the right to go to school, but now they are in trouble. As a Chinese, we should help them as possible as we can. We can raise some money and things for them. And we can also write to them to encourage them. I hope they will return to school as soon as possible with our help.

Students’ Union

健康问题（热点）

典型例句

1. It is very important to keep healthy。

2. How can we keep healthy?

3. We can't go to sleep too late. We can't get up too late。

4. We should eat the food healthily。

5. We should do more exercise。

6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head。

7. I didn't feel like eating anything。

8. I decided to see the doctor。

9. In the doctor's office, the doctor looks over me carefully。

10. He said :"Nothing serious." And he told me to take a rest and drink more water。

11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a little painful。

12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day。

1

13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world。

3、根据中英文提示，写出内容完整、意思连贯、符合逻辑的稿件。（字数不少于60词，英文提示词供选用）

有写学生不爱吃学校的午饭，常到校外去吃他们所喜欢吃的食物。但有些食物并不利于他们的身体健康。“英语角”打算针对这个问题展开讨论。请你准备一篇讨论稿，谈谈你的看法和建议。

参考词汇：not like, go out of school, be afraid, be back, more delicious, offer

范文：

We know that some of our students do not like eating lunch at school because the food isn’t delicious. So they often go out of school to buy something they like to eat. But I’m afraid it’s bad for their health to eat lunch outside because some of the food they buy isn’t healthy enough.

In my opinion, if our schools want more students to be back and enjoy lunch inside, they should make the food more delicious, and also they should offer our students a larger choice of food as well.

关于环境保护问题（热点）

典型句子

1. It’s our duty to save water

2. As we know , water is very important to people

3.we can’t live without water.

4.The number of water which is suitable to drink is less and less.

5.But some people don’t care about it .

6.Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.

Something must be done to stop the pollution.

7. It's our duty to protect our environment。

8. It is very important to take care of our environment

9. We should not throw litter here and there

10. We should not spit in public / cut down the trees

11. We should plant more flowers and trees。

12. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin

13. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful。

14.Trees are very helpful and important for us.

15.We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future. It’s our duty to love and protect the environment.

2 、 6月5日( June 5)是世界环境保护日， 我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重??。假如你是学生Jone.，你校要进行“如何保护我们的环境?”专题演讲比赛，要求：1、举例说明环境存在的问题1—3方面;2、如何保护好我们的环境，采取怎样的措施，举例1—3方面进行说明，字数80左右。

Dear headmasters,teachers,classmates and friends:

I’m very proud that I have chosen to speak to you all today, I’m a bit nervous as I’ve never made a speech before to so many people ,so please forgive me if it shows.

As we all know,the environmemt around us is getting worse and worse .In some places we can’t see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment. .But what can we do? How to protect our environmemt ?For example ,we can go to school on foot or by bike . we can use shopping baskets not plastic bags when we go shopping and we can use both sides of the paper when we write .In a word ,if everyone pays more attention to our 2

environment ,there will be less pollution and our life will be better.

“There is only one earth”,I hope everyone will protect our environment well. Thanks!

4、保护环境

( 四川乐山) 从20xx年6月1日起，国家将禁止商家免费提供塑料袋，掀起全国“拒塑”的环保运动。假如你是李华，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿。

内容包含：

1.在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋；

2.尽可能地再利用使用过的课本；

3.离开教室应关灯；

4.最好走路或骑自行车上学；

5.简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等

注意：1.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数；

2.可根据要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

3.文章中不能出现真实姓名和校名，否则以零分处理。

4.参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag塑料袋plastic bag保护protect能源energy污染pollution课本textbook

参考作文： What Can We Do for the Environment

Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment, and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.

The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. It helps to protect the environment. The second thing we can do is to reuse the old textbooks as possible as we can. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy. What’s more, it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste.

In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live.

Thank you for your listening!

环境问题：今天环境变得越来越糟糕,环境问题影响着人们的工作,学习,生活等,而我们的工作,生活,生产等又使环境污染越来越严重..........,如何保护我们的环境?请以“ How to protect/save our environment/world? ”为题写一篇短文。

提示:存在问题:1.水污染越来越严重

2.砍伐森林严重

3. 大气污染严重

4. 白色垃圾等。

要求：如何改善/保护环境?至少:3---4个方面， 80字左右的。

范文：

How to protect/save our environment/world?

The environmental pollution is worse and worse /more and more seriously today . Water is polluted ,we have no clean water to drink Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less.Some factories is poring dirty air in the sky , the population is increasing faster and faster ,resources is getting less and less?etc. Not only does it affect our lives and health, it also has a great affection in the future. people's health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases.In 3

order to live a better life, we need protect our world.

We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere.We want to recycle ,reduce ,reuse things .Don’t waste things ,This saves money and reduces pollution. Use things for as long as possible. We don’t use plastic bags . We mus plant more trees and stop the people cutting them .We hope our world is more and more beautiful . 兴趣与爱好（热点）

1、介绍你的兴趣爱好

My Hobby

I am a 15-year-old student in junior Grade 3. Though I am occupied with my study, I would like to spend time on my hobbies, such as playing the piano, surfing the Internet.

One of my favourite hobby is reading. Reading has been in my life for many years, since I began to learn characters. It can not only kill the time, but also, more important, help improve my comprehension ability. When reading, I can learn a lot. Reading Shakespear's works, I know how Hamlet looks like. Reading Scorates, I can see how great ancient Greek philosophers are. Reading Lu Xu, I come back to the old time of China.

Reading really affect my life.

回顾初中三年成长过程，你一定有很多感受，从学习， 生活，爱好等方面作出自我评价 ( 毕业 回顾评价)

I have studied in my middle school for three years. I have learned a lot. I have learned not only how to make friends but also how to talk to others. I have many hobbies. I like sports. I often play basketball, football and volleyball with my friends. Football is my favorite. Of all my subjects, I do best in English and Chinese. But my math and physics are a little weak. I think I will try my best to learn them well. I hope I can study in No.1 High School.

新生事物评价

关于中学生使用手机

赞成意见：1.现在是信息社会，手机是最快的信息交流的工具之一。2.应充分利用好手机。如偶遇突发事故，可立即拨打手机求助。3.可在每天学习之余利用手机游戏放松一下自己。4.只要正确使用好手机，紧跟时间并无过错，追求时尚可以理解，但学习是首要任务。

反对意见：1.学校已提供了公共电话，因此手机并不能带来更多的方便，而且花费较多。2.若课堂接听手机会影响上课。

3.学生玩手机游戏或接发短信，将无法集中精力学习。

注意：1.可适当增加细节和连接词，使文章通顺连贯；开头部分已给出，不计入总词数；2.词数：100左右；

Dear Editor,

Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students. In my opinion, ? Yours truly,

Wang Lin

参考作文：

Dear Editor,

Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students. In my opinion, we can bring mobile phones to school.

As we know, the 21st century is a modern age and full of information. A mobile phone is one of the quickest tools for us to exchange information. The mobile phone is a fashionable and useful invention, so we ought to make the best use of it. Suppose there’s a sudden accident, it is more convenient for us to dial for help immediately. There’re also some games in the mobile phone. We can relax ourselves by playing them when we’re tired of our studies. In my opinion, it’s not wrong to follow the fashion, but the most important thing is how to use the mobile phone in a right way.

Yours truly,

Wang Lin

4

结构︰... some ... others ...

说明︰此句型意为“一些?而另一些?”。用于非限定的众群，相当于“some ... some ...”。

Some of us value peace and comfort very highly. Others value pleasure and excitement.

我们有些人非常重视安宁与舒适，有些人重视快乐与刺激。

Some of us can speak English. Others/Some can speak French.

我们有些人会说英语，有些人会说法语。

结构︰those＋who＋动词

说明︰此句型意为“（那些）?的人”。those 在此是泛指一般的人。

Christmas is a time for friends and family members to see each other again and to send Christmas cards to those who live far away.

圣诞节是朋友家人互相再见，以及寄圣诞卡给住在远方的人的一段时间。

God helps those who help themselves. 自助者神助之。

We can talk to those who live far away by telephone.我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话。

Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed.那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。

There is no easy way to do business, and only those who do their best to win clients can win business. 做生意无捷径可走，只有那些千方百计赢得客户的人才能赢得生意。

结构︰主词＋动词?复数名词＋such as 名词1，名词2 and 名词3

说明︰此句型意为“?例如?”。such as 引导的部分是作为<名词>的补充说明。

In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book.

这一段里面有很多名词，例如男孩、女孩和书本。

They may choose to study foreign languages, advanced mathematics or science, such as physics or chemistry. 他们可以选择学习外国语文、高等数学或像物理、化学的科学。

Many things pollute water, such as tires, trash, and plastic bags.

很多东西使水污染，例如轮胎、垃圾和塑胶袋。

结构︰?never／not／no?＋without＋名词／动名词

说明︰此句型意为“每?必然?；没有?就没有?”。这是双重<否定句>。有时译成“没有?而不?”；“每一次?都?”。。 Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.

没有一件伟大的事情可以达成而没有热诚。

No gains without pains. 不劳则无获。

No one can succeed without working hard. 没有人能够成功而不努力。

No one can live without breathing. 没有一个人可以不呼吸而生存。

结构︰主词＋be 动词＋not＋in the least?

说明︰此句型意为“一点也不?”。

I am not in the least tired. 我一点也不疲倦。

He is not in the least kind. 他心肠一点都不好。

I was not surprised in the least. 我一点也不感到惊讶。

结构︰too＋形容词＋for＋(代)名词

说明︰此句型意为“太?而不适宜／而不能?"。相当于“too＋<形容词>＋to-<不定词>”。

He is too tired to walk anymore. 他累得再也走不动了。

She walked too slowly to catch up with us. 她走得太慢，跟不上我们。

结构︰祈使句＋and／or／or else?

说明︰and 译成“那么”，用于表一致的概念；or 译成“否则”，用于表相反的概念。

Study hard, and you’ll pass the exam. 要用功，那么你才会考及格。

Make haste, or you’ll miss the first train. 快一点，要不然就赶不上第一班火车了。

5

. 6