个人整理的一些专八作文资料，其实每年押题的话不太容易压准的，比如说20xx年刚考过的专八作文就让人完全摸不到头脑。
这是备考的时候准备的一些材料。还有更多从专八作文书、GRE作文素材上看的都抄在了本子上，比这里的电子档内容丰富一些，等我有时间整理一下拍照传上来。是话题的形式，比如说谈论传统文化，旅行，读书之类的话题。 希望大家平时能有意识的搜集好词好句，丰富自己的作文内容而不是被模板，去猜题。
Develop a strong sense of responsibility Enhance social awareness
Build up one’s confidence and offer one’s a sense of achievement—realize ones value and capacity
专八写作模拟(9)：直面人生危机
题目：
faced with various crises. Confronting crises, different people respond differently. What is your attitude toward crises? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.
参考范文：
Crisis is to us what illness is to our body. Just as fatal disease can destroy our body and sometimes that we might never have chance of standing up again. //However, most crises that . They, like occasional ailments which sometimes can bolster our body’s immune system, are mostly minor and surmountable and therefore turned to a blessing to us, too.
A ready example that comes to mind is SARS crisis that has recently torn apart and ravaged most of China. Admittedly, it has cost us quite a lot. Some people suffered health damage and still some even lost their lives. And our economy suffers a temporary setback and a slowdown. However, we still have much to learn and are yet to exhaust listing legacies left by this crisis. Among them are:
First, we are more concerned than ever before with our health, and the environment we live in, and above all, the vulnerable medical system and practice we have so long cherished and regarded as matter of course (have taken for granted). Also, we, all of sudden, realize otherwise not so obvious
a truth that life is so infirm, feeble and precarious that if we somehow fail to take advantage of it right here and now, we may have no chance of even saying any words of love to our beloved, not to mention doing anything. Additionally, we tried and bettered and are still bettering our mechanism to respond to unexpected crises. These and other lessons and legacies brought about by blood, tear, toil and sweat are benefiting and continue to benefit us and generations of Chinese to come.
As a well-known ancient Chinese notion goes, the past lessons if not buried in oblivion are mentors for us all. If we can bear in mind sufferings and ordeals we have experienced, then those of our compatriots who had died did not die in vain and our sufferings will not go unrewarded.
stand a fair chance(大有希望)
情感的力量
the noblest of human emotions人类最高尚的情感
no thought of gain不计得失
爱心之灯
donate whatever they can倾囊相助
help their needy fellow citizens帮助有需要的同胞
be ready to give a helping hand随时准备伸出援手
LOVE
When we use the word "love", we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions.
power of love, the Chinese people of all incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——to help their needy fellow citizens. //Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.
In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble,(加补语定语什么的变从句) no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers.
can help to make the world a better place, for
当我们用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指异性对一个人的吸引，这只是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。爱心是一种情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。事实上，纵观历史，不同文化背景的人都把爱看成是人类最高尚的情感。
说到爱心的力量，我们马上就会想起每年中国各族人民是如何响应号召支援自然灾害受害者的。尽管按照国际标准他们的收入还处于低水平，全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助——不管是钱还是物——帮助那些有需要的同胞。而且，他们这么做并不考虑自己的得失。
我认为，表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们就能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方，因为，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。
There are two major arguments that can be made for studying at home. First, as advances in the electronic media have brought the whole world of scholarship into the home via the Internet and educational courses on TV, the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiring knowledge. （为啥自己写不出长句来呢？是因为没有练习？）own study time.
too. Being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilities and interests can be a great stimulus facts and theories, but also to appraise and encourage his students.
Given the choice between these two methods of learning, I prefer the classroom. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on study household chores, and disturbances from visitors and telephone calls. The classroom environment, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of acquiring knowledge.
关于在家学习，我们可以提出两个主要论点。第一，由于电子媒体方面取得的进步把整个世界的知识通过互联网和电视上的教育课程带入了家庭，教室不再是惟一获取知识的场所。第二，人们普遍认为，在自己家里这样熟悉的环境中，并且能自己安排学习时间，一个人能学得更好。
但是，我们不能忽视在教室里学习也有好处这一事实。周围都是能力相近和兴趣相投的人可能会对获取知识形成巨大的刺激，而对很多人来说孤独一人在家学习会有些枯燥乏味。更重要的是，没有什么可以替代一个好老师，他不仅能够传道授业，而且能够评估并鼓励学生。
如果在两种学习方法中选择，我更喜欢在教室里学习，因为我是那种很难在家务琐事、客人、电话的打扰下集中注意力学习的人。我认为大多数人只有在教室里才能把全部精力放在获取知识这件十分重要的工作上。
精彩句子
①Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.
爱心是情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。
②People all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can—be it money or goods—to help their needy fellow citizens.
全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助——不管是钱还是物——帮助那些有需要的同胞。
③The best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are.
表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。
④The darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.
悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。
优秀段落
阅读时，我们经常会碰到一些过目难忘的段落。这些段落或者表达流畅、文笔优美，或者逻辑缜密、结构严谨。根据表达需要，有不同的功能段落，如现象说明段、观点陈述段、原因列举段、利弊解释段、结论归纳段、趋势预测段、措施建议段等。有些优秀段落可以作为写作的功能段落加以背诵，对于我们拓展思路、规范行文大有裨益。在背诵过程中，熟练掌握各种功能段落的行文规则，自己在表达时就能驾轻就熟。下面仅举观点陈述段和措施建议段各一例。
观点陈述段(陈述“民族文化应该成为世界文化”的观点)
A culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial for all mankind. Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world, many people from different countries Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people, who show great interest in it. to share with the Chinese people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together.
一个国家的文化可能成为世界文化，这对全人类都有益。由于中国已经向外界敞开了国门，许多来自不同国家的人都希望来看一看中国。他们会开始接受并喜欢整个中国文化，中国文化应该大大方方地让感兴趣的外国人分享。与此同时，随着来中国的外国人越来越多，他们也把他们自己的文化带给了中国人。这样，世界各国的人们就能够更好地相互理解、和平相处。
经典篇章
古往今来，英语宝库中涌现出大批经典佳作，如林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》(The Gettysburg Address)，福克纳的诺贝尔奖演说(Banquet Speech)，海伦·凯勒的《给我三天光明》(Three Days to See)。这些文章在文字的运用上技法高超，在思想内涵上寓意深刻，读来字字珠玑，文字优美，启迪心智，含义隽永(full of exquisite words and truth, satisfying the mind, appealing to the heart)。这样的文章如不能熟读成诵，则无法融会贯通。背诵一定数量的经典名篇既有助于提高自己遣词造句的能力，也有助于加强自己表达思想的深度。下面的一篇短文是英国哲学家罗素(Bertrand Russell)自传的序言部分，题为What I Have Lived For(我的人生追求)，概述了作者一生追求的三种理想，文章在语言和思想两个方面都堪称经典，值得背诵。
What I Have Lived For
Three have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
I have sought love, first, because it sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, loneliness—[that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of of love I have seen, (in a mystic miniature,) the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what—at last—I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people—a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can't, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
我的人生追求
有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以忍受的怜悯。这些激情像飓风，无处不在、反复无常地吹拂着我，吹过深重的苦海，濒于绝境。
我寻找爱，首先是因为它使人心醉神迷，这种陶醉是如此的美妙，使我愿意牺牲所有的余生去换取几个小时这样的欣喜。我寻找爱，还因为它解除孤独，在可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘看到冰冷、无底、死寂的深渊。最后，我寻找爱，还因为在爱的交融中，神秘而又具体而微地，我看到了圣贤和诗人们想象出的天堂的前景。这就是我所寻找的，而且，虽然对人生来说似乎过于美妙，这也是我终于找到了的。
以同样的激情我探索知识。我希望能够理解人类的心灵。我希望能够知道群星为何闪烁。我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯所景仰的数字力量，它支配着此消彼涨。仅在不大的一定程度上，我达到了此目的。
爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。痛苦呼喊的回声回荡在我的内心。忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨遭压迫者摧残的受害者，被儿女们视为可憎负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满了孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有的生活成为了笑柄。我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也在忍受折磨。
这就是我的一生。我发现它值得一过。如果再给我一次机会，我会很高兴地再活它一次。(方舟子译)
默写
默写也是提高写作的一个重要环节，即把背熟的东西付诸纸端。这个过程不仅是为了检验自己的记忆效果，更为重要的是训练正确的书面表达能力。在英语学习中，我们少有机会动笔写英文，长期以来，手笔生疏，导致提笔即错。再者，由于受汉语思维和习惯的种种影响，在潜意识里容易犯一些英语表达错误。普遍存在的语言错误包括主谓一致、时态处理、冠词用法、名词单复数形式、单词拼写等，尤其在单词拼写方面，很多人混淆词性，把society, economy, difficulty写成social, economic, difficult；再如字母位置错误，将true, tired, modern写作ture, tried, morden；诸如此类。这些看似微妙的错误如果不加以有意识的克服，可能会发展为根深蒂固的习惯，成为写作中的重大弊病。通过默写，写出曾经记诵过的段落字句，之后自我查验、批改，发现并纠正在动笔中的错误，可以有效克服自己潜意识中的英文错误，提高实际写作时的熟练和准确程度。
互译
能够在英汉两种语言之间自如转换是英语学习的一个至高境界。尝试英汉互译，即把英
语文章翻译成地道汉语，间隔数日再将汉语翻译回英文。英文和汉语在表情达意方面存在着诸多差异，可惜学习者往往观察不足，领悟不深。通过互译训练，比较异同，可以强化我们对两种语言之间差异的认知，可以加强英语表达能力。在复原成英文的过程中，词汇表达、句式结构、段落组织、篇章布局等各个方面、多个角度都得到复习。同时，可以有效避免中国式英语在作文中的出现。中式英语在书面表达中屡见不鲜，根源在于学习者受到汉语表达和中式思维的制囿。英汉互译有助于冲破两种语言习惯的壁垒，有助于超越两种语言思维的障碍，有助于思维与表达取得和谐的统一，有助于将中文的思想地道流畅地传达为英语语言。互译的实质在于巧妙地借翻译手段促进英语的创作性表达。
模仿
在自己写文章时，应有意识地调用以前的积累，正向迁移，融入自己的写作，包括语言表达、文章章法、写作技巧等，最终达到学以致用的目的。如果记忆中有像“Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.”(不是我爱凯撒浅，而是我爱罗马深。)这样的经典名句，当写作有关英语学习的文章时不妨模仿这个句式: Not that we can't master English, but that we have not been willing to take pains. (不是我们不能掌握英语，而是我们不愿付出努力。)正如学好书法常要描红，学好绘画常须描摹，写好文章则需要模仿。Beauty imitated is beauty recreated. (模仿美就是创造美。)赋予经典的表达以新的内涵，这也是一种创新。模仿他人目的在于提高自己。模仿与借鉴为写作所必须。总之，Good writing favors the prepared mind. (好的写作总是照顾那些有准备的人。)
英语写作能力的真正提高有赖于上述概括为十字的五大策略，望朋友们勤之勉之，将其融入自己的学习实践，打下坚实的语言基础，真正实现从阅读到写作的飞跃，达到英语读写能力的完美统一。逐步积累，有所准备，需要之时就可以手到擒来，应对自如，使英文写作成为自身的一项技能。
Providing physical exercises should not be the schools responsibility?
While physical exercise is important, I do not believe that it is the school’s responsibility to provide physical training for its students.
That is something that everyone can take care of on his or her own.
Many students get plenty of physical exercise as part of their daily life or recreation.
A student who bicycles ten miles to and from school does not need more exercise.
A good physical education program must take a student’s outside activity into consideration. Otherwise, some students will spend valuable class hours repeating physical exercise.
If a school offers such activities, it also suggests that students will be graded on them. The range of possible physical activities is great: football, swimming, weight lifting, ballet, ballroom dance, yoga, skiing, horseback riding, and golf are just a few. However, the number of activities that a school could offer is small. Some students could get bad grades in physical education simply because the school could not provide an activity they enjoy or do well. This seems unfair. Research suggests that participation, not excellence, in these activities determines the physical benefits the body will get.
Another issue is economic. Many schools do not have the money to provide gry facilities, playing fields, and athletic equipment for their student. Other schools are located in cities where the kind of space just is not available. A few schools would rather keep money for academic purposes.
Schools can certainly encourage physical activity. They can provide space for activities, events, and classes for physical activities. They can encourage students to plan time away from academic studies to get some exercise. However, I think that
providing exercise should not be the schools responsibility.
Off-campus housing also gives students a better perspective on what is going on around them. Campus can be like little worlds of their own. There are few children or older people and everyone is focused on education. Getting to know neighbors who are not students is good for students coming from difference places. It is a chance to find out what other people think and feel.
旅行
名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers
名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites
湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills
青山绿水 green hills and clear waters
广袤无垠的中华大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory
层峦叠嶂 peaks rising one after another
世界上的一队小小的漂泊者呀，请留下你们的足印在我的文字里。
A troupe of little vagrants of the world, leave your footprints in my words.
世界对着它的爱人，把它浩翰的面具揭下了。它变小了，小如一首歌，小如一回永恒的接吻。
The world puts off its mask of vastness to its lover. It becomes small as one song, as one kiss of the eternal.
81．每段爱情在走向终结时，倒带回去，一路上或花草鲜美，或落英缤纷，而最初总是倾心的。
81.When every love comes to the end, if you look back, you will find flowers and sorrows, but it's always beautiful.
8. Travelling
It is exciting to visit different places. As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries typical of the region. Besides, you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races. Finally, you can get to know the customs and living habits of the local people. Today people are so fond of travelling that tourism has become one of the faster growing industries in most countries.
The main reason why people travel is, perhaps, for pleasure. For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the nearby mountains or beaches a real relaxation. For another example, spending an annual holiday travelling abroad is an especially satisfying experience for those who do not have much of an opportunity to be away from their homelands. When people return from their travel, they will generally feel fresh and energetic, ready to work harder.
Travelling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book.
读书
浩如烟海的文化典籍 numerous volumes of literature
书本知识与实践经验哪个重要(4)
【题目】
It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
【范文】 Book Knowledge vs. Experience
Knowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include books, teachers and practical experience, and each has its own advantages. The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in daily life. We can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. We can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Furthermore, we can learn from the past by reading books. In this way, we won’t repeat the mistakes of others and can build on their achievements.
Practical experience, on the other hand, can give us more useful knowledge. It is said that one learns best by doing, and I believe that this is true, whether one is successful or not. In fact, I think making mistakes is the best way to learn. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Innovations do not come about through reading but through experimentation. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful. However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. That is why I believe that knowledge gained from practical experience is more important than that acquired from books.
【参考译文】 书本知识与实际经验
获得知识的来源有很多，其中包括书本、老师，以及实际经验，而每一种都有其优点。从书本上及正规教育中所获得的知识使我们知道在日常生活中没有机会亲身去体验的事。通过读书，我们可以研究世界各地的资料，还可以向不曾谋面的人学习。我们也可以培养分析的技巧，并学习如何以不同的方式去观察并理解周围的世界。此外，我们可以通过读书，从历史中获取教训。如此一来，就不会再重复别人的错误，并且能够以他人的成就作为我们行动的基础。
另一方面，实际经验能够给我们更多有用的知识。大家都说从做中学的效果最好，我也认为的确如此，无论一个人成功与否。事实上，我认为犯错是最好的学习方式。此外，如果
想要有新的进展，就必须要付诸行动。想要创新，只靠阅读是不够的，必须要去实践。最后，我们可以将通过读书所获得的技巧和见解应用于实际经验中，使得原本有意义的经验变得更有意义。不过，除非我们能将书本知识运用于实际经验中，否则书本知识终究仍只是理论，毫无用处。那就是为什么我会认为从实际经验中获得的知识比从书本中所得到的知识更为重要。
时间
夏天的飞鸟，飞到我的窗前唱歌，又飞去了。秋天的黄叶，它们没有什么可唱，只叹息一声，飞落在那里。
Stray birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away. And yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, flutter and fall, there with a sign.30．当明天变成了今天成为了昨天，最后成为记忆里不再重要的某一天，我们突然发现自己在不知不觉中已被时间推着向前走，这不是静止火车里，与相邻列车交错时，仿佛自己在前进的错觉，而是我们真实的在成长，在这件事里成了另一个自己。
30. When tomorrow turns in today, yesterday, and someday that no more important in your memory, we suddenly realize that we r pushed forward by time. This is not a train in still in which you may feel forward when another train goes by. It is the truth that we've all grown up. And we become different.
机遇 心态 信念
如果你因失去了太阳而流泪，那么你也将失去群星了。
If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars. 希望和信任是蜥蜴的尾巴，即使被切断，但它们还会再长出来。
1.Hope and trust is the tail of a lizard, which can reproduce even after being cut off.
8.举得起放得下的叫举重，举得起放不下的叫负重。可惜，大多数人的爱情，都是负重的。
8. If you can hold something up and put it down, it is called weight-lifting; if you can hold something up but can never put it down, it's called burden-bearing. Pitifully, most of people are bearing heavy burdens when they are in love.
18．暗恋一个人的心情，就像是瓶中等待发芽的种子，永远不能确定未来是否是美丽的，但却真心而倔强的等待着。
18.To love someone in secret is like a seed in bottle waiting for growing up, though not sure whether the future will be more beautiful, still waiting it earnestly and eagerly.
34．人生并非都是选择题或是是非题，大部分是应用题，要我们一点一滴的论证，取舍的过程，做错了也没关系。
34. The life is not always full of multiple choices or the yes-or-no questions, but application questions which need us to prove little by little. During the process, we need to make choice to get or lose. It matters not even if we get wrong answers.
70．不是我们去选择际遇，而是际遇选择我们。当际遇来到，我们能够做的，只是接受这个挑战。不要说机会从来没有出现，它曾经出现过，只是你舍不得放下自己拥有的东西。
70. It's not us to choose the opportunity, but it's opportunity that decides us. When the opportunity comes, all we can do is to take this challenge. Don't say that opportunities never come. It came but you just don't willing to give up the things you own.
84．人都是会改变的，有些人选择改变环境，有些人选择被环境改变。很多时候你无法改变的时候，我只好选择，在里面找到让自己快乐的力量。
84. People will always change. Some choose to change the environment; some choose to be changed by the environment. Most of the time when you cannot change, you have to choose to find something to make yourself happy.
85．事实上，这个世界不符合所有人的梦想。只是有人可以学会遗忘，有人却坚持。
85. The fact is that the world is out of everyone's expectation. But some learn to forget, but others insist.
92．无论命运以怎样残忍的方式赐予一个人以磨难和不幸，但仍会相应地赐予他幸福与甜蜜，即使这幸福是如此短暂与不真实，也足以照亮他今后整个暗淡的人生。
92. No matter how cruel the destiny treats one with tribulation and misfortune, it will
correspondingly treat him with happiness and sweetness. Even if the happiness is short and false, it's enough to light up the whole future life.
19．《和平年代》里的话：当幻想和现实面对时，总是很痛苦的。要么你被痛苦击倒，要么你把痛苦踩在脚下
While our dream is confronted with the reality, you always feel painful. Just trample on the pain, or you'll be beat down by it.
24．后悔是一种耗费精神的情绪.后悔是比损失更大的损失,比错误更大的错误.所以不要后悔
Penitence is something that enervates our spirit, causing a greater loss than loss itself and making a bigger mistake than mistake itself, so never regret.
20.Is Failure a Bad Thing?
Failure is what often happens. It is everywhere in our life. Students may fail in exams, scientists may fail in their research work, and athletes may fail in competitions. Although failure happens to everyone, attitudes towards failure are various. Some
people don’t think their failure is a very important thing at all. So they pay no attention to it. As a result, they will have the same failure a period later. Some people think themselves are fools and lose their hearts in everything after they get a failure. Consequently, they spend their time and energy on useless things and they may really be fools as they have thought.
Other people are quite different from the two kinds of people mentioned above. Instead of being distressed and lost, they draw a lesson from every failure and become more experienced. After hard work, they will be successful in the end. It is said that failure is the mother of success. Success will be gained after times of failures so long as we are good at drawing lesson from our failures.
In my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure.
运气在事业成功中的作用(6)
【题目】
"When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success." Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
【范文】 The Role of Luck in Success
It has been said that when people succeed, it is because of hard work and that luck has nothing to do with success. Although I believe that hard work is very important and is the surest way to success for most people, I must disagree with this statement. It cannot be denied that luck often plays an important role in success. For example, many important discoveries have been made by accident. There have been many cases of researchers and inventors making major breakthroughs while they were actually trying to solve another problem or create a different device. Furthermore, there is something to be said for simply being in the right place at the right time-perhaps meeting someone by chance who can offer a good job or rare opportunity. And of course, there are the rare examples of gamblers and lottery winners who beat the odds and achieve sudden and unexpected success.
While the influence of luck cannot be ignored, this is not to say that one should depend on it and ignore the value of hard work. If one is willing to work hard, I believe that success will eventually
be achieved, with or without the added benefit of luck. Moreover, hard work is often an essential ingredient of luck because it enables one to take advantage of a lucky encounter. If the scientist has not worked hard to develop his knowledge and skills, he may not recognize that lucky breakthrough when it comes along. Therefore, my suggestion is not to count on luck to bring you success. Instead, work hard and keep your eyes open for that lucky opportunity.
参考译文：运气在成功里所扮演的角色
有人说一个人会成功是因为努力，而运气和成功则是一点关系也没有。虽然我相信努力很重要，而且对大部分的人来说，努力是成功最可靠的方法，可是我不得不反对这种说法。能否成功，运气扮演着一个很重要的角色，这是不可否认的事实。例如，很多重要的发现都是在偶然情况下发生的。有很多实例表明，有重大突破的研究人员和发明家，原本是要试图解决其他问题或是发明别的仪器。而且，仅仅是天时地利这方面也有一些关系--也许是偶然碰到能提供好的工作和珍贵机会的人。当然也有极少数赌徒和彩票得主得到突如其来、意想不到的成功。
尽管运气的影响力不容忽视，但也不表示人就应该完全靠运气，而忽视努力的价值。如果一个人愿意努力，不论有没有运气额外的帮助，我相信终究还是会成功。此外，因为努力能让人充分利用幸运的机会，所以努力通常也是运气的必要因素。如果科学家没有努力培养自己的知识和技巧，那么当某个幸运的突破出现时，他可能也看不出来。因此，我建议大家不要指望运气能带来成功。相反地，应该努力，并随时注意不要错过任何好机会。
情感
4.幸福，不是长生不老，不是大鱼大肉，不是权倾朝野。幸福是每一个微小的生活愿望达成。当你想吃的时候有得吃，想被爱的时候有人来爱你。
4. Happiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in one's hand. It’s about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someone's love when you need love.
5.爱情是灯，友情是影子，当灯灭了，你会发现你的周围都是影子。朋友，是在最后可以给你力量的人。
5. Love is a lamp, while friendship is the shadow. When the lamp is off, you will find the shadow everywhere. Friend is who can give you strength at last.
51．在我们生命中出现的人，一些给我们上课，一些让我们痊愈，有的用来分担分享，有的用来真爱。
51.Among those people that appear in our life, some are to teach us, some to comfort us, some to share and some to love.
毕业深造 工作
11. Choosing an Occupation
Every one faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduation from college or university, which plays a vital role in his life. An appropriate occupation makes a man work with zest(热情） and vigor, as well as contribute to his country. To make a wise choice, two important things should be taken into consideration. One is the interest, the other, the demands of people and society. Only if the two aspects are connected, can a man show his talent and ability to the best advantage. If the two conflict, the former should be under the latter, for the people's interests are more important than the individual's.
In regard to my choice in the future, I am fond of learning foreign languages; what is more, with the implementation of the Open-Door Policy, exchange between home and abroad in economy and culture has been growing significantly, thus I'm determined to be a qualified interpreter.
Agree:
1. Men are considered as better choices for their physical advantages. Workplace studies have found that men put in longer hours, endure more hardships and are apt to relocate, and are willing to sacrifice family obligations more than women. Moreover, it will strength the burdens for companies if women get pregnant for they have to pay for them during those women’s pregnancy.
2. Women were educated to get along and encouraged to be nice to others, while boys are often encouraged to compete openly and vigorously from an early age.
3. Different communication styles make men more suitable to compete for they are rational and practical. //On the other hand, women are more sensitive and they tend to form interpersonal relationships by sharing intimate details or experiences about their lives. But this can come back to haunt them if a female confidante is then promoted or becomes their boss. That can lead to bitterness, jealousy and lack of trust.
Disagree:
1. Modern women have become more independent, both economically and mentally. They have the desire and opportunities to compete for jobs with men.
2. Women are sensitive and emotional, thus they have a gentle way to deal with business and to develop closer business relationships.
3. Women have the same chance to get higher education as men in nowadays. They usually have better performances in academic lives so that they are capable to dominate better positions on their jobs.
4. Women enjoy the protection from the policies and laws. For example, companies cannot fire female employees during their pregnancies nor to deduct their wages. Examination is useful
1) Examination is a useful method of self-test. (For teachers, to better understand the learning situation of students, teaching in accordance with their aptitude. For students, an effective way of self-assessment. Make a conclusion for what have learned, and make a new plan for the further learning. To find out problems. Cover the shortage. Adjust study method.
2) Examination is an effective way to train one’s psychological endurance.(high score, praised by teachers and parents, admired by classmates. To improve self-confidence, self-confirmation. An incentive to pursue better grades or even better life. Low score, kind of setback in one’s life. Experience the care and help. Encourage oneself. Train one to be brave and never give up. To be optimistic towards frustration. Where there is a will, there is a way.)
3) Examination can serves as an efficient way to select talents. (Different designs of questions to test one’s professional knowledge, skills, or personality. An integral measure applied in various occasions, entrance exams, job fair, and public servant selection. An objective, uniform and just criterion to select talents.)
Examination is harmful
1) It is unfair to determine one’s destiny through one examination (like college entrance examination, it is a turning point for all the high school students. For those who pass it can access to further study and have a brighter future; for those who fail it, weather to restudy with more pressure or leave school for job.)
2) Examination is not a comprehensive way to test a student. (Examination may test one’s learning ability and absorbing capacity. But can not test one’s personality and moral level. The purpose of education is to cultivate a student developing in an
all-around way, from virtue, intelligence, physical ability and mentality. So just from examination is quite unilateral.)
3) Sometimes examination also cannot test what students have learned in certain period, because some students may perform poorly with some specific reasons, like nervous in exam, out of physical condition and some external factor. So just through examination it is not enough to access a student, at least including students’ classroom performance, homework performance and classroom participation
4) Examination is also one kind of paper waste, break the ecological balance. (Not only the paper had we used in examination, but also the review materials. It seems not so much from one student, but all the students together, it is a large amount of papers.)
Agree
1. To relieve extreme pain of patients.
Those who are in the late stages of a terminal disease are suffering unbearable pain which is unimaginable to a person who has not gone through it. They have a horrible future ahead of them: the gradual decline of their body, the failure of their organs and the need for artificial support. What’s worse, they will be in an incapable state under the side effects of the huge amount of medicine. Faced with this, people have to believe that euthanasia is the only way to die with dignity and peace.
2. To save costs and human resources.
In order to keep a terminally-ill patient alive, both the patient’s family and the hospital should pay more attention. If euthanasia were allowed, the patient’s family would free themselves from the huge economic burden, and the doctors and nurses would have more time to care for curable ailments and this would increase the quality of care administered.
3. Euthanasia can make dying people feel dignified
"Guided by our belief as Unitarian Universalists that human life has inherent dignity, which may be compromised when life is extended beyond the will or ability of a person to sustain that dignity; and believing that it is every person's inviolable right to determine in advance the course of action to be taken in the event that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery from extreme physical or mental disability...
(45 KB)
Unitarian Universalist Association
1988
4. Frees up medical funds to help other people
Those people who are suffering from serious diseases, like cancer, AIDS, clearly know that they are on the verge of death. It is almost useless to spend a amount of money for their medication fees; rather, the funds can be used for other patients. Just like Merrill Matthews indicated that "even though the various elements that make up the American healthcare system are becoming more circumspect in ensuring that money is not wasted, the cap that marks a zero-sum healthcare system is largely absent in the United States... Considering the way we finance healthcare in the United States, it would be hard to make a case that there is a financial imperative compelling us to adopt physician-assisted suicide in an effort to save money so that others could benefit..."
?
? 5. It is another case of freedom of choice
? "At the Hemlock Society we get calls daily from desperate people who are
looking for someone like Jack Kevorkian to end their lives which have lost all quality... Americans should enjoy a right guaranteed in the European Declaration of Human Rights -- the right not to be forced to suffer. It should be considered as much of a crime to make someone live who with justification does not wish to continue as it is to take life without consent."
?
Senior Adviser, Final Exit Network,
"How Shall We Die," Free Inquiry
Winter 2001
?
6．Individuals have the right to decide about their own lives and deaths. As the constitution mentions in the first place that all men are created equal. That is to say, all men possess the right both to live and die. The right of a competent, terminally ill person to avoid excruciating pain and embrace a timely and dignified death bears the sanction of history and is implicit in the concept of ordered liberty. The exercise of this right is as central to personal autonomy and bodily integrity as rights safeguarded by this Court's decisions relating to marriage, family relationships, procreation, contraception, child rearing and the refusal or termination of life-saving medical treatment. In particular, this Court's recent decisions concerning the right to refuse medical treatment and the right to abortion instruct that a mentally competent, terminally ill person has a protected liberty interest in choosing to end intolerable suffering by bringing about his or her own death. A state's categorical ban on physician assistance to suicide -- as applied to competent, terminally ill patients who wish to avoid unendurable pain and hasten inevitable death -- substantially interferes with this protected liberty interest and cannot be sustained."
-- (72 KB)
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
Dec. 10, 1996
Disagree:
1. Euthanasia devalues human life
"As Catholic leaders and moral teachers, we believe that life is the most basic gift of a loving God- a gift over which we have stewardship but not absolute dominion. Our tradition, declaring a moral obligation to care for our own life and health and to seek such care from others, recognizes that we are not morally obligated to use all available medical procedures in every set of circumstances. But that tradition clearly and strongly affirms that as a responsible steward of life one must never directly intend to cause one's own death, or the death of an innocent victim, by action or omission...
We call on Catholics, and on all persons of good will, to reject proposals to legalize euthanasia."
--
"Statement on Euthanasia," on
Sep. 12, 1991
2. Euthanasia can become a means of health care cost containment
"Savings to governments could become a consideration. Drugs for assisted suicide cost about $35 to $45, making them far less expensive than providing medical care. This could fill the void from cutbacks for treatment and care with the 'treatment' of death."
--
"Frequently Asked Questions,"
(accessed May 27, 2010)
3. There is a "slippery slope" effect that has occurred where euthanasia has been first been legalized for only the terminally ill and later laws are changed to allow it for other people or to be done non-voluntarily
"In a society as obsessed with the costs of health care and the principle of utility, the dangers of the slippery slope... are far from fantasy...Assisted suicide is a half-way house, a stop on the way to other forms of direct euthanasia, for example, for incompetent patients by advance directive or suicide in the elderly. So, too, is voluntary euthanasia a half-way house to involuntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia. If terminating life is a benefit, the reasoning goes, why should euthanasia be limited only to those who can give consent? Why need we ask for consent?"
--
Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Medical Ethics,
Georgetown University
"The False Promise of Beneficent Killing," Regulating How We
Die: The Ethical, Medical, and Legal Issues Surrounding
Physician-Assisted Suicide
4. Physicians and other medical care people should not be involved in directly causing death
It is patients’ rights and choice for euthanasia, so physicians and other medical care people should not get involved in accelerating the death of patients. They have no right to do so.
5. We cannot be sure the consent is voluntary
The patients are in bad situations in their bodies. It affects the way of their thinking. So we cannot tell whether the consent to death is voluntarily given or not.
6. There is always the possibility of mistaken diagnosis, a new cure, or spontaneous remission
The possibility of mistaken diagnosis exists, as doctors may make mistakes. Another possibility is that a new cure or spontaneous remission is found out to deal with the patients. However, if the patients take the euthanasia, they may lose the possibility to cure their disease.
7. Allowing euthanasia will lead to abuses.
Legalizing euthanasia will lead to abuses and individual will not respect lives any more.
8. Euthanasia gives too much power to doctors.
Patients usually get the disease’s progress from the doctors, and then they decide if they should choose euthanasia. But it is the doctor who does not know everything well. Sometimes “diagnoses may be mistaken, or the prediction may be widely misjudged. Euthanasia makes the doctor the most dangerous man in the state”
9. Euthanasia disobeys the medical ethics, so it makes doctors feel embarrassed.
“I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counsel.” This is part of the Hippocratic Oath, which every doctor has to swear to observe.
10. The legalization of euthanasia also bring with it problems our society has not previously faced. euthanasia will raise serious moral and social issues， the decision our society makes about euthanasia will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in society. For example, that a terminally ill patient is thus caused to feel guilty for remaining alive because he does not want to die？ Is it wise that a patient is killed alive simply because of a mistaken terminal diagnosis？ And is it possible that euthanasia could be taken advantage of for some ulterior or even criminal purposes？
Disagree:
1. University students are too young and not mental mature enough to be likely to under what marriage and life-time commitment mean and to shoulder the burdens brought by family and take the relative responsibility.
2. Marriage may become the obstacle of their study and future career development. University students are at their prime times of study and self-development. However, they have to consider a lot of things after marriage including housing, baby-nursing
which are beyond their age and mentality.
3. From the university’s prospective, university students getting married will bring a series of regulatory issues, like should they live with each other? Should they rent a house outside the university? And once those exceptions are set and tolerated, it will add difficulties to the campus regulation.
4. From the social prospective, how to solve this problem that if they have a baby? Should they have the birth permission? How to solve their registered residence? That may bring about a lot of problems to the society.
6. The divorce rate will be increased, which is bad for social stability.
It is showed by studies that the divorce rate of those who get married early is much higher than that of those who get married late or at right time. Such high devoice rate is mainly due to the less consideration taken before marriage, even being a totally prompt impulse. Some stubborn problems appear gradually after marriage, which lead to the mutual discontents between couples and end up in devoice as a solution.
Agree:
1. College students are mature enough to make their own choices.
It is the free right for college students to get married because they are old enough to get married by law. Shandong University has made a rule to allow college students to get married. Senior officers of the university hold an idea that though the students are allowed to get married during the college life, yet they could still have right to choose get married or not. University education should give more choices to students and set open education and open administration.
2. A common ideal will take significant influence on their life.
If they get married, they have the same ideal such as their family which can give them much motivation and power in their study. Besides, it cannot be denied that a stable affection can have positive influence when they are seeking a job since home is the warm Harbor when they are tired. Meanwhile, they can support and take care of each other better. Lastly, college students can learn to be responsible in their marriage..
3. It could help students to accumulate their life experiences.