第二节 小作文
一、书信格式：
文体/语域：
1、正式文体：大作文、公务书信、公务告示、报告、摘要 最好不用缩写、省略或口语表达；
2、半正式文体：私人书信、私人告示、备忘录最好使用3- 5次。
缩写：I’m, It’s, They’re（完整：I am, It is, They are)
省略：Looking forward to your reply. （完整：I am looking forward to your reply.)
口语表达：By the way, 顺便说一句
As you know, 如你所知
Guess what? 你猜怎么着？
（一）称呼：
1、写给机构：Dear Sir or Madam,（06、07）
Dear Sir/Madam,
To Whom It May Concern,（致有关人士）
2、写给个人：Dear +人名，
1）08：Dear Bob,
2）09：Dear Editors,
3）11：Dear Neo,
4）12：Dear Friends,
（二）正文：
3段，7句，100-130词，3-5个关联词，3-5个从句
（1）工作人员：
A.05:I am a staff member of your company.
B.06:I am a staff member of Motorola (China) Electronics Ltd.
（2）学生：
A.07：I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/
graduate in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Peking University.
B.12:I am the president of the Students’ Union of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
（1）08： I am writing the letter for purpose of expressing my sincere apology to you.（道歉信）
（2）09/12：I am writing the letter to give/propose/offer some/several useful/conducive/practical suggestions/proposals/
recommendations to you.（建议信）
（3）11： I am writing the letter to recommend my favorite movie to you.（推荐信）
2、第二段：3句左右，改写提纲二
1）主题句：1句
2）分论点一：1句
3）分论点二：1句
（1）My thanks for you to your generous help are beyond words.我对您慷慨帮助的感谢难以言表。
（2）Words fail me when I wish to express my sincere gratitude to you.感激之情，溢于言表。
（3）I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation to the kind assistance you render me.
我想借此机会对您的热心帮助表示衷心的感谢。
（1）I look forward to hearing from you soon.盼即赐复。
1
（2）I am looking forward to your favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
期待您在方便之时尽快给予我圆满的答复。
（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. 十分感谢您对我的询问给予及时的关注。
（三）落款：
1、结尾客套：
1）万能：Yours sincerely,或Sincerely yours,
2）私人：Yours faithfully,或Faithfully yours,
3）公务：Yours truly,或Truly yours,
2、落款：Li Ming或Zhang Wei
书写格式：缩进式
段与段之间不空行，每段首行缩进四个字母
二、书信类应用文：
1、十大必背范文之一：08真题：道歉+建议信
Directions:
You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1）make an apology, and
2）suggest a solution
Dear Bob:
I’m writing to apologize for having forgotten to return the “the Beatles” CD to you when I left Canada. I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checking carefully. Had I paid more attention then, I wouldn’t have made such a stupid mistake.
Now something must be done to solve the problem because I understand you cherish the CD enormously. I can either send it to you by express mail or alternatively compensate you at a reasonable price. If you do not mind, I may bring it back to you next time I go to Canada.
Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earliest convenience. I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.
Faithfully yours
Li Ming
参考译文：
亲爱的鲍勃：
我写此信的目的是为了向你道歉。在离开加拿大时，我忘了把那盘披头士乐队的CD还给你。走的时候太匆忙了，我把所有东西都塞到行李中，没有仔细检查。当时要是多加注意的话，就不会犯这种低级错误了。
因为我知道你特别珍爱那盘CD，所以一定要想办法解决这个问题。我可以寄快递包裹给你，也可以按合理的价格赔偿你的损失。如果你不介意的话，我也可以在下次去加拿大的时候把它给你带回去。
请在方便的时候尽快让我知道你倾向哪一种解决方案。希望你能接受我真诚的道歉。
您真诚的
李明
2、十大必背范文之二：2009真题：建议信/致编辑信（=短议论文）教材115页
Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White Pollution” is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
1) give your opinions briefly, and
2) make two or three suggestions.
Dear Editors:
2
I have been reading your newspaper for many years with a great enthusiasm and interest. It is my view that limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of utmost significance.
To crack this hard nut, I would like to propose several practical recommendations as follows. First and foremost, it is imperative for us to ban the free use of disposable plastic bags. In addition, we should develop possible alternative forms to replace them, such as paper or clothing bags. Last but not least, plastic bags should be offered in a much higher price in department stores or supermarkets.
I hope you will find the above proposals conducive and I would like to discuss this matter to further details. Your prompt attention to my suggestions would be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
参考译文
尊敬的编辑：
多年来我一直怀着极大的热情与兴趣阅读贵报。我认为限制使用一次性塑料袋非常重要。
为解决这个难题，我想提出如下几个实用的建议。首先，我们急需禁止免费使用一次性塑料袋。其次，我们应该开发塑料袋的替代品，如纸袋或布袋。最后，商场或超市应以更高的价格提供塑料袋。
我希望您觉得上述建议有益，同时希望进一步讨论这一问题。十分感谢您对我的建议给予及时的关注。
您真诚的
李明
3、十大必背范文之三：2010英语（二）真题：感谢信
Directions:
You have just come back from the U.S as a member of Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to
1）express your thanks to his/her warm reception,
2）welcome him/her to visit China in due course.
Dear Bob:
I have just arrived at my home from the airport. As I sit behind the desk, I just want to write a letter to you. I am grateful for your warm reception in this cultural exchange program. You and your family gave me a deep impression. The program is one of the most wonderful memories in my life.
In once talk you said you want to travel in China. Well, you will be welcomed and it will be my pleasure to be your guide. By the way, send me a list and write down the places where you would like to visit.
Please give my best regards to your family. (110 words)
Sincerely yours
Zhang Wei
亲爱的鲍勃：
我刚从机场回到家里。我在书桌前坐下就想给你写这封信。在这次文化交流项目中，非常感谢你的热情接待。你和你的家人给我留下了深刻的印象。这个项目是我一生中最美好的回忆之一。
你曾经说过你想来中国旅行。那么，非常欢迎，而且我很荣幸做你的导游。顺便说一句，给我寄一张清单，写下你想去的地方。
请向你的家人致以诚挚的祝福。
你真诚的
张伟
4、十大必背范文之四：2011真题：推荐信
Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation.
Dear Neo:
I’m so glad to hear from you. How have you been theses days?
3
In your last letter, you talked about movies you love. I agreed with you that Matrix is a great movie. Guess what? If you lose some weight, you’ll be as cool as “Neo” in the film!
Anyway, here is one of my favorite movies that I would like to recommend to you. The title of the movie is The Legend of 1900 and there’re some reasons for my recommendation. Firstly, the director is very famous and respected all over the world. Its story is very moving and its hero is a very talented pianist named “1900”. More importantly, the sound track of the movie is extraordinarily beautiful. I know you like music and you are learning to play piano. I hope you’ll enjoy the movie and learn something about playing piano. I am looking forward to your reply. Take care!
Yours,
Li Ming
利奥：
很高兴收到你的来信。近来过得怎么样？
在上封信里，你提到了喜爱的电影。我也认为《黑客帝国》是一部伟大的电影。你猜怎么着？如果减点肥的话，你会像电影里的“利奥”一样酷。
无论如何，我想给向推荐我最喜爱的一部电影。电影的名字是《海上钢琴师》，推荐原因如下。首先，这位导演全球闻名，并且受人敬重。它的故事非常感人，主人公是名叫“1900”的一位天才钢琴师。此外，电影的音效尤其优美。我知道你喜欢音乐，而且你正在学习弹钢琴。希望你喜欢这部电影，并且从中学习一些钢琴技巧。期待着你的回信。保重！
李明
5、十大必背范文之五： 2011英语（二）真题：祝贺+建议信
Directions:
Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:
1) congratulate him/her, and
2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
Dear Li Ming:
I’m so glad to hear that you have received the offer from Beijing University. Congratulations! There’s nothing surprising——I remember seeing how hard you have been working since childhood. Now you have the opportunity to learn physics, which you have a huge interest in, in one of the best universities in China. I feel extremely happy for you.
Well, I want to share some reminders for university life with you. First of all, don’t forget your study. Second, take some time to know yourself well and make your own decisions. Third, enjoy your life as long as it’s under your control. I hope you will have a wonderful time!
Yours
Zhang Wei
李明：
很高兴得知你收到了来自北京大学的录取通知。祝贺你！没什么好奇怪的——我现在还记得你童年以来一直在多么努力地学习。现在你终于有机会在中国最好的大学之一学习物理学，你有强烈兴趣的专业。我格外为你高兴。
下面，我想和你分享一些大学生活的建议。首先，别忘了学习。其次，花点时间好好了解自己，自己做出决定。第三，只要你能掌控，尽可能享受生活。希望你过得开心。
张伟
6、十大必背范文之六： 2012真题：欢迎+建议信（教材121页）
Directions:
Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students' Union to
1) extend your welcome and
2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.
Dear Friends:
On behalf of the Students’ Union of Beijing Foreign Studies University, I would like to extend our heartfelt 4
welcome to all of the overseas students from all over the world to study in our university.
It is my great pleasure to offer you several practical suggestions. In the first place, life in this prestigious university perhaps is not as easy as you have expected. You may be tightly bound by continual classes, abundant homework and exams. Then, be prepared for the hectic life here. In the second place, in spite of all those burdens, various extracurricular activities such as sports meets, speech contests, social gatherings still will provide ample opportunity to make friends. So, enjoy your life in this esteemed institute!
All in all, although there is a lot of pressure, the time you spend on our campus will be worthwhile in your whole life. Hope you like it here!
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
亲爱的朋友们：
我谨代表北京外国语大学学生会，向来我校学习的留学生表达衷心的欢迎。
我很荣幸地向你们提出一些实用的建议。首先，这所著名学府的生活也许不像你们所设想的那么轻松。你们可能会陷入面临繁重的课程、大量的作业和考试。因此，做好准备迎接这里的繁忙生活吧。其次，尽管有以上负担，运动会、演讲比赛、联谊会等各种各样的课外活动仍会提供大量结交朋友的机会。所以，尽情享受这所著名大学里的生活吧！
总之，尽管有很多压力，但你们在我们校园里度过的时光仍将是你一生中一段有意义的岁月。希望你们喜欢这里！
您真诚的，
李明
7、十大必背范文之七： 2012英语（二）真题：投诉信（教材122页）
Directions:
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to
1) make a complaint, and
2) demand a prompt solution.
Dear Sir or Madam:
I bought an electronic dictionary from your online store on January 1st, but I found it has some problems after using it for a short period of time.
To begin with, the battery needs recharging after a mere 2 hours of use. This means that I need to carry my charger with me when I go out for a day. In addition, the buttons on the electronic dictionary are so small that it is nearly impossible to type anything with them. Personally, I find this to be completely unacceptable.
Therefore, I would like to either change the electronic dictionary for another model that works well or a full refund. Your help is greatly appreciated.
Yours sincerely
Zhang Wei
尊敬的先生或女士：
1月1日我在贵网店购买了一部电子词典，但在使用了一段时间之后，我发现它有一些问题。
首先，在仅仅使用两小时之后，电池就需要充电。这就意味着当我出门一天时，就需要随身携带充电器。此外，这部电子词典的按键如此之小，以至于几乎无法通过键盘输入任何东西。对我个人而言，我认为这一点完全不能接受。
因此，我希望要么为我换一个能运行正常的型号，要么全额退款。非常感谢您的帮助。
您真诚的
张伟
8、十大必背范文之八：备忘录/报告：
Directions:
The environmental protection club is going to organize some activities with the theme of “Creating Green Culture and Building Low-Carbon Campus”. As the club leader, you will write a memo to the members to explain the importance 5
and arrangements of those activities.
Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.
To: All club members
From: Li Ming
Date: January 19, 2013
Subject: Creating Green Culture and Building Low-Carbon Campus
We are going to launch a series of activities to promote low-carbon lifestyle, or more specifically to advocate energy efficiency, waste minimization and recycling. This green lifestyle is a potential recipe for a healthier and more habitable environment and highly recommendable to every person.
To attract more schoolmates to accept this low-carbon lifestyle, we will hold lectures to introduce the new life concept, make broadcast programs to record low-carbon experience around us and host an exhibition of fruits of recycling to encourage students to make the best use of old stuff. In addition, we will hand out leaflets to every dormitory, recommending students to switch off unused lights and other electrical equipments, recycle paper, batteries and plastic bottles, and travel by bicycle, bus or subway.
All members are required to take part in those above activities. Other creative thoughts and brilliant ideas about activity plan will be encouraged. (148 words)
致：全体成员
自：李明
日期：20xx年1月19日
主题：创建绿色文化，建设低碳校园
我们将举办一系列推广低碳生活的活动，更准确的说，就是推广有效利用能源，减少浪费和回收利用。绿色生活是实现更健康更宜居环境的诀窍，应该推荐给每个人。
为了吸引更多的校友接受低碳生活，我们将举办讲座介绍新的生活理念，制作广播节目记录我们身边的低碳经历并且举办回收成果展览以鼓励学生利用旧东西。另外，我们将向各寝室发放传单，以建议同学关掉不用的电灯、电器；回收纸、电池和塑料瓶；乘自行车、公交、地铁出行。
所有成员要求参加上述活动。大家可以提出其他关于活动计划的创意和好点子。
三、摘要：
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
摘要：summary, thesis
（一）解题步骤：
1、总结中文摘要：2分钟
总结中心句（段首或段尾句）
2、中译英：13分钟
经济全球化的主要原因 第一段：20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面： 第二段：全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。 20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要 标志的新的科技革命的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导， 成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相联,世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技革命使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、新产品不断涌现，大量高技术产业不断产生，在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移，新的产业布局开始形成,以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门也蓬勃兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。 第三段：全球化的经济基础。市场经济体制的强势地位不断增强，跨国公司的突飞发展，国际经济组织的不断完善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。
6
第四段：首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80 年代末至90年代初，世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧剧变，苏联解体, 40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后，国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端，自19xx年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说明，市场经济体制已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择，市场经济已基本实现了全球化，经济全球化是以市场为基础的，没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国际间的自由流动，就谈不上经济全球化。 第五段：其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。跨国公司是以本国作为基地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司，从事国际化生产和经营的企业。跨国公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经营战略，以全球为工厂，以它所在的各个国家为车间，在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通，通过自己广泛的经营活动，实现了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合，促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分工，使之密切联系在一起，从而为经济全球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础，并成为经济全球化的主要推动力量和主要载体。 第六段：最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。二战结束以后，生产力的不断提高，生产力的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流.各国的国际分工和相互依赖性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍，实现全球范围内的更高层次的经济合作，这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后，国际经济日益明显，国际经济协作不断加强。 在当今国际经济关系中，世行、世贸组织、国际货币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大，而且还出现出进一步增强的趋势。世贸组织（WTO）所制定的关于贸易、投资等方面的制度和规则，成为规范全球经济运行，创造自由、公平竞争环境的统一制度和规则，作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织，即国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行 (WB)也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要的角色。这些国际经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的规则，对成员国的经贸活动和经济行为起着协调和规范作用。这些都为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。（1590字）
中文摘要
20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面。全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。全球化的经济基础。首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。（155字）
题目大小写：
1）首尾两单词首字母大写
2）实词首字母大写，虚词小写
（1）实词：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词
（2）虚词：介词、冠词、连词
例外：五个字母以上的介词首字母大写，如without, toward等
十大必背范文之九：经济类摘要（教材98页）
Main Reasons of Economic Globalization
Since the early 1950s, economic globalization has been developing rapidly. Briefly speaking, its reasons mainly include the following ones. The first reason is the technical foundation of economic globalization. Advancements in science and technology have provided the material basis and the technical means for the rapid development of globalization. The second reason is the economic foundation of globalization. Firstly, the market economy has become the first choice of promoting economy for every country in the world. Secondly, multinationals which are expanding continuously have become the center of economic globalization. Lastly, international economic organizations have been the organic safeguards for the development of economic globalization. (104 words)
摘要复习方法：
社会科学、自然科学、人文科学
来源：近十年真题
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A节经典文章：
四、告示类应用文：
十大必背范文之十：2010英语（一）真题：
Directions:
You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use " postgraduate association " instead.(10 points)
Notice
Volunteers are needed for the International Conference on Globalization to be held on this campus in early July. Basic requirements are familiarity with the theme of the conference and proficiency of English. Other requirements include interpersonal communication ability, familiarity with our city in terms of its tourist attractions and its history, proper manners, and sense of responsibility. Priority and preference will be given to those experienced, either in international conference or in other similar activities.
Call 86754321 or send messages to postgr_ass@ for an application and for information on the interview. Enquiries are encouraged but visits declined. （97 words）
The Postgraduate’s Association
告示
七月初将于本校举行关于全球化的国际研讨会，现招募志愿者。基本要求是熟悉本次会议的主题以及精通英语。其他要求包括人际沟通能力、熟悉我市的景点及历史，举止适当，有责任感。优先考虑参加过国际会议或其他类似活动的有经验者。
申请职位以及咨询面试相关信息，请致电86754321或发送邮件到postgr_ass@ 。欢迎垂询，谢绝来访。
研究生会
第三节 大作文
一、考研大作文框架结构：教材143页
3段，12句左右，160-250词，5-7个关联词，5-7个从句
（一）Introduction：第一段，3句左右
1、图表或图画描述：图表或图画作文
1）General description 总体描述：1句，人物/动物/事物+动作+环境（图画）或主题+对象+时间（图表）
2）Details 1,2,3 细节描述：1-2句，挖掘细节词、串连成句
3）（Caption 文字说明/Symbolic meanings 象征寓意）
2、现状说明：提纲或情景作文
1）Background information 背景交代：1句
2）General talk of the topic 引出主题：1句
3）Thesis: state specifically what your opinion is
确立论点：1句，全文中心思想
（二）Body：第二段，5句左右
1、Topic sentence：主题句，1句
2、Argument：论证，3句左右，四大论证手段
1) Cause and Effect：因果论证
2）Exemplification：举例论证
（1）Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.
（2）I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).
（3）This/These case(s) effectively clarify that?
3）Compare and Contrast：正反论证
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4）图画作文创作原则：联系现实
以小见大，把握象征寓意，
个体想为群体，具体想为抽象
联系现实核心词：represent 代表，symbolize 象征，
epitomize 是?的缩影，
be naturally associated with 自然与?联系起来
3、（Summary：小结，概括论证、总结本段，1句）
（三）Conclusion：结论段，4句左右
1、Concluding sentence：结论句，1句
2、Suggestions 1、2：两点建议或两句评论
3、包装结尾、展望未来：1句，三大优秀句型
1）倒装句：Only in this way can we solve this problem.
2）强调句：It is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a considerable vocabulary.
3）虚拟语气：
It is high time that we improved the present situation.
二、图画作文：
1、十大必背范文之一： 20xx年考研真题（教材159页）
Directions:
A. Study the following two pictures carefully
and write an essay in at
least 150words.
B. Your essay must be written neatly on the
ANSWER SHEET2.
C. Your essay should meet the requirements
below:
1）Describe the pictures.
2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the
pictures.
3）Suggest counter measures.
第一段：As is shown in the pictures, with the rampancy of commercial fishing, the number of fish has dramatically shrunk. In the first picture, we learn that the year 1900 witnessed a quite encouraging scene of world fishing. There were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat. On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish swimming freely but many fishing-boats sailing in the sea. It is apparent that a disastrous change has occurred.
第二段：The purpose of the pictures is to tell us that due attention has to be paid to the reduction of ocean resources. Owing to the over-exploitation of marine resources, the number of fish has declined at an accelerating rate. If we let this situation continue as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.
第三段：Hence, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to reverse this disturbing trend illustrated in the above pictures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should cultivate the awareness of people that the ocean resources are of great significance to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also, I believe that we humans can surmount this difficulty, and we will have a brilliant future.
参考译文：
如图所示，随着商业捕鱼的泛滥，鱼的数量已经显著下降。在第一幅图中，我们可以看到在19xx年，世界捕鱼业是鼓舞人心的，画面上有很多鱼，只有一艘渔船。而在第二幅图中，在19xx年，只有一条鱼在游动，但有很多渔船在海上航行。显而易见，灾难性的变化已经发生。
这组画的目的是告诉我们应该对海洋资源的减少给予充分重视。由于海洋资源的过度开发，鱼的数量已经 9
明显下降。如果听任这种情况发展，我们不知道鱼的未来在哪儿。到那时，我们的环境将会遭受巨大的破坏。
因此，我们急需采取严厉措施扭转图画中所示的令人困扰的趋势。一方面，我们应该呼吁各级政府制定严格的法律来控制商业捕鱼。另一方面，我们应该增强人们的意识：海洋资源对我们非常重要。只有这样才能保护我们的海洋资源。同时，我相信我们人类能够克服这个困难，并将拥有美好的未来。
2、十大必背范文之二：20xx年真题
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing,
then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it..
图画描述：This picture reveals a not-uncommon phenomenon of how elders are treated by their grown-up children in some of the families in China. When they are too old to take care of themselves, the elders become burdens to be kicked around by their sons and daughters like a football, a pitiful and unjust sight that will arouse indignation among many Chinese.
意义阐释：As a nation renowned in the world for many of its virtues, the Chinese people have been practicing filial piety throughout history. Many much-told stories reiterate this time-honored virtue of loving and respecting the elders, like the story of Tiying in the West Han Dynasty who risked her life in order to save her wronged father from corporal punishment. Those who try every means to avoid their duties of looking after their elders should bear in mind that they are much indebted to their parents for their birth and growth. Without the loving care and unrelenting work of their parents, how could they have grown up healthily and successfully? How could it be possible for them to go about without the pricks of conscience?
建议措施：Everyone of us should live up to the virtues passed down to us by our ancestors. Only in this way can we be worthy of the name of a Chinese. (214 words)
这幅图画反映了一些中国家庭中普遍存在的现象——子女成年后如何对待他们的父母。当父母年龄太大，不能照顾自己的时候，他们就成了负担，被自己的子女们像足球一样踢来踢去。这是一种不公正的可鄙现象，引起了很多中国人的愤慨。
作为一个以很多美德闻名于世的民族，中国人民自古以来一直奉行孝道。许多广为传颂的故事反复强调了这种历史悠久的爱老敬老的传统，如西汉时缇萦舍身营救蒙冤的父亲免于肉刑的故事。那些千方百计逃避照顾双亲的责任的子女们应该牢记，他们在出生和成长的过程中亏欠父母太多了。没有父母关怀备至的照料和不懈的工作，他们怎能健康成长并且取得成功？他们怎能虐待父母而不受到良心的谴责？
我们每个人都应该遵守从祖先那里传承下来的美德。只有这样我们才能无愧为中国人。
3、十大必背范文之三：20xx年真题
Directions:
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the photos briefly;
2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and
3)give your point of view.
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图画描述：As is vividly depicted in the photos above, Beckham, the smart British football superstar, is enjoying a striking popularity among the adolescents. In the first picture, Beckham’s name appears on a young man’s face. The caption indicates that worship for the idol is written on the face. In the second photograph, another young person is doing Beckham’s chic hairstyle in a barbershop. We are informed that he is spending 300 yuan imitating his idol’s haircut.
意义阐释：Undoubtedly, the pictures have subtly reflected the social phenomenon that idol worship is prevalent among the teenagers nowadays. Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans. Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China, which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of admiring these idols. Briefly speaking, young people are inclined to idolize the people who excel in appearance, intelligence or talent.
建议措施：Hence, idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword which can exert profound influence on the growth of young people. If we simply worship the idols by imitating their hairstyle or pursuing fashions unreasonably, the obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of time and money, endangering the efficiency of our work. On the contrary, we will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves by bridging the gap between our models and us. Accordingly, the latter attitude should be adopted to direct our way of life. (255 words)
以上的照片生动地显示出来，相貌英俊的英国足球巨星贝克汉姆在年轻人中广受欢迎。在第一张照片中，贝克汉姆的名字出现在一个年轻人的额头上。文字表明：对偶像的崇拜写在了脸上。在第二张照片中，这个年轻人正在理发店中做贝克汉姆的时髦发型。我们得到的信息是他正花300元来模仿偶像的发式。
毫无疑问，照片巧妙地反映了这样一个社会现象：偶像崇拜目前在青年人中非常盛行。贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的英俊外表以及高超的球技正是球迷们热情追捧的。同样，20xx年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。围绕着崇拜这些偶像的意义和危害，这个事件激起了全国性的争论。总之，青年人往往容易崇拜那些在外表、才华和特长方面极其出色的人。
在我看来，偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑，可以深刻影响青年人成长。如果我们只是靠模仿偶像发型或追逐时尚的方式来崇拜他们，这种痴迷将必定浪费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。相反，如果我们靠弥补我们和榜样之间的差距来努力提高自己，我们就会过一种积极和收获显著的生活。因此，我们应当采取后面一种态度来指引我们的人生。
4、十大必背范文之四：20xx年真题
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) support your view with an example/examples.
11
图画描述：As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the goal, the man on the left seems to be keeping a “huge one” that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the person on the right hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the “huge keeper”. It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them.
意义阐释：This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with. Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence. Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step. Assuming bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine. Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us. Some people give up, some persist. So, with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties, try and exert our strength, and then we will overcome all problems.
On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, just do it. (243 words)
如图所示，一场足球赛正在进行。左边的人似乎在守一个对于射门轻而易举、不可避免的“大门”，而右边的人由于拥有关于“巨大守门员”的幻觉，踢球很犹豫。显而易见，他们两个人都夸大了面前的困难。
这幅图画确实反映了一个目前在中国很普遍同时发人深思的社会现象。由于问题超出他们应对的能力，年轻人总是放弃。表面上看，这幅图画似乎有一些道理，但当我们仔细思考时，我们就会发现在这个现象之下有一个明显的趋势：缺乏自信。首先，众所周知，我们生活在一个充满各种困难的多元化世界。我们别无选择，只能面对。其次，态度是采取第一步的关键。拥有勇气和信心来解决问题，你就会发现问题并非你想象的那么“严重”。以我们自己为例，研究生入学考试似乎是我们面前的一个可怕的怪物。有些人放弃了，而有些人则坚持了下来。因此，拥有信心和对困难的正确估计，并且竭尽全力，我们就将解决所有的问题。总而言之，我认为我们年轻人应该以正确的方式面对困难。世上无难事，只怕有心人。
5、十大必背范文之五：20xx年考研真题
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
12
图画描述：As is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg. Obviously, it is teamwork that makes it possible for them to go anywhere they want to.
意义阐释：Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking. With the development of economy and society, competition is increasingly fierce. It is impossible for anyone to finish a work all by himself. Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on teamwork. In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of teamwork is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.
归纳结论：Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the sense of teamwork in our society. We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great significance to both our society and ourselves. Every one should have the ability of teamwork. Only in this way can we achieve success and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.(176 words)
如图画中生动所示，尽管每人只有一条腿，但是两个残疾人通过团队合作正在快速奔跑。显而易见，正是合作才使得他们走南闯北成为可能。
尽管这幅图画很简单，但它向我们表达了发人深省的含义。随着经济和社会的发展，竞争日渐激烈。任何人都无法完全独立完成一份工作。因此，越来越多的人开始重视团队合作。事实上，人们公认合作的能力是想要获得成功的人都应该具备的最重要的素质。
因此，我们迫切需要采取措施来提高人们的合作意识。我们应该牢记合作对于社会和自身都非常重要。每个人都应拥有合作的能力。只有这样我们才能获得成功，而且只有这样社会才能变得更加和谐。
6、十大必背范文之六：20xx年真题
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
图画描述：As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, a large number of people are surfing on line within a stretching spider web, either to entertain themselves or to meet the work's needs. Unfortunately, it seems rather ironic to present people separated from each other by the spider web when they attempt to communicate. Undoubtedly, the spider web serves as a symbol of Internet, both connecting people and isolating them from each other.
意义阐释：The metaphorical and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between
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man and Internet. On the one hand, there is no denying that Internet is currently one of the most efficient media used for interpersonal communication. As a college student, I get on line every day to discuss news with other people on BBS, to study English by registering for web courses, to chat freely through MSN Messenger with my friends. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain face-to-face contact with their friends and colleagues. Once indulged in the fictitious world, people feel reluctant to approach others and to concentrate on real life. That's why some people have lost the skill of direct contact and get alienated from others.
归纳结论：Hence, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. After all, Internet is invented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach. (249 words)
这幅漫画象征性地阐释了无论是为了自我娱乐还是适应工作的需求，很多人在一个拉伸的蜘蛛网之内网上冲浪。然而，看来相当讽刺的地方是，这幅图呈现了他们在试图互相交流的同时，却被蜘蛛网彼此隔开。毫无疑问，这个蜘蛛网作为互联网的一种象征，既连接了人们，又使他们彼此隔离。
这幅比喻并使人印象深刻的图画象征性揭示了人与互联网之间的双重关系。一方面，不可否认网络目前是用于人际交流的最高效媒介之一。作为一名大学生，我每天上网与他人在BBS上讨论新闻，通过注册网络课程来学习英语， 借助MSN和我的朋友们免费聊天。但另一方面，很多人承认他们太沉迷于网络而不愿与朋友和同事保持面对面接触。一旦沉迷于这种虚幻世界，人们不愿接近他人并关注现实生活。这就是一些人丧失了直接沟通技能并与他人疏远的原因。
因此，我们很有必要以一种合理的方式使用互联网，避免过度沉迷。毕竟，人们发明互联网是为了连接你和我，为我们的生活带来方便，而非设置障碍使人彼此疏远。
7、十大必背范文之七：20xx年真题（教材176页）
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
文化“火锅”，既美味又营养
毕昇、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦、儒、佛、道、仁、礼、启蒙、人本、后现代、解构、京剧、功夫、梁祝、天鹅湖
图画描述： As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal, there is a boiling hot pot containing various ingredients of multi-cultures. These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Shakespeare and Einstein, philosophical concepts as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, benevolence, ritual, humanism, enlightenment, post-modernism and deconstruction, as well as performing arts as Peking Opera, kung-fu and Swan Lake. We are informed that the cultural “hot pot” is both delicious and nutritious.
意义阐释： The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that instead of being outdated and of little value in a rapidly modernizing world, cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained. On the one hand, mosaic cultures are part of the universal heritage of humanity and they are powerful means of bringing together diverse peoples and social groups. Consequently, cultural integration has become indispensable as a means of promoting further culture development and maintenance. On the other hand, for China and many other rapidly developing countries, there is a danger that age-old customs and traditions may become lost in the shadows of modernization. If kung-fu, Peking Opera or Swan Lake Ballet ever perished from the earth, it would be a tragedy of immeasurable proportions.
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归纳结论： In my view, multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so, and is extremely vital in ensuring a community’s future development and prosperity. As a consequence of successful commercialization efforts, unwavering government support and growing interest overseas, the future of cultural blending looks brighter and more secure than ever before. (254 words)
如图象征性所示，一只沸腾的火锅中拥有诸多多元文化元素。这些多元文化可分为毕昇、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦等国内外名人，佛、道、儒、仁、礼、启蒙、人本、后现代、解构等哲学概念，以及京剧、功夫、《天鹅湖》等表演艺术。文字说明显示：“文化‘火锅’，既美味又营养。”
画家的目的是告诉我们，在迅速现代化的世界里，文化融合并未过时或失去价值，相反还应受到鼓励和保护。一方面，多元文化作为全体人类遗产的一部分，是将不同人群和社会群体融合的有力方式。因此，文化融合作为促进文化发展和保护的一种方式，已经不可或缺。另一方面，对于中国
和其他快速发展的国家来说，古老的习俗和传统面临着在现代化阴影里消失的危险。如果京剧、功夫或《天鹅湖》从地球上消失，那将是不可估量的损失。
在我看来，如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能够长存。这对确保将来社会的繁荣和发展至关重要。由于成功的商业化努力、政府坚定不移的支持和不断增长的海外兴趣，多元文化的将来会比过去任何时候都明朗、安全。
8、十大必背范文之八：20xx年真题（教材180页）
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
旅程之“余”
图画描述：As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two tourists are taking sightseeing on a small boat while discarding their picnic leftovers casually into a lake. Unfortunately, the lake is already littered and teamed with flow rubbish like plastic containers, fish-bones, banana peel, watermelon rind, bottles, tins, food wrappings, and so on. And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: "after" the travel or "me" in the travel.
意义阐释：From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash. On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere. Some people, laboring under the belief that tourism serves as an engine of economic growth, seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment. Nevertheless, these are not concerns that we can shrug off lightly. On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.
建议措施：Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which have few sources of income. The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable. It is high time that we enhanced people's awareness to rectify 15
this by taking the environmental protection into consideration.
如图所示，两名游客正在一艘小船上观光，同时把野餐的剩余垃圾随意丢入湖中。不幸的是，湖中已经堆满了漂浮的塑料盒、鱼骨、香蕉皮、西瓜皮、瓶子、罐头、食品包装等各色垃圾。在图画下方，有个小标题写明：旅程之 “余”。
从漫画中，我们可以得出结论，画家想要表达这样一种信息：成群的游客涌入众多景点，制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾，影响了自然之美。一方面，旅游业作为一项产值数十亿美元的产业，正在世界各地迅猛发展。有些人认为旅游业是经济发展的引擎，似乎忽视了其对环境的负面影响。然而，我们必须充分关注这一问题。另一方面，旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染，生态平衡遭到破坏，自然资源被过度开发。
毫无疑问，由于对那些几乎没有其他收入来源的地区而言，旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。但重要的是，旅游业毫无节制的发展可能使得经济发展不可持续。是时候加强人们的意识，通过多加考虑环境保护因素，来改变这一现状了。
9、十大必背范文之九：20xx年真题（教材184页）
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly.
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give you comments.
图画描述：As is symbolically demonstrated in the cartoon, two individuals respond to the same event in completely diverse ways. The person on the left airs his dissatisfaction and disappointment when a bottle is overturned, while the man on the right is hurry to raise it up, with a sweet smile on his face. We are informed that various folks take different attitudes toward the same scene.
意义阐释：The aim of the portrayal is to illustrate that keeping optimistic is of utmost significance to both our society and our life. In the first place, optimism brings us creative power into play, arouses our enthusiasm for work and helps us overcome difficulties. In other words, with pessimism, achievements can hardly be made. In the second place, keeping optimistic gives us light when we are in dark and encouragement when we are dismayed. It is optimism, rather than genius and extraordinary abilities, that inspires us to finish the arduous task. With optimism, the goal we set can be reached, and the hard nut can be cracked.
归纳结论：In conclusion, being optimistic enables people to behave wisely, kindly and confidently, and it is also crucial for any individual’s, in terms of both character and competence.
如图所示，两个人对同一件事情的反应截然相反。瓶子倒后，左边的人表达了不满和失望，然而右边的人却面带微笑，急着把它扶起来。我们由此得知，不同的人对同一事物态度不同。
这幅漫画的目的是阐明保持乐观对于我们的生活至关重要。首先，乐观能使我们发挥创造力，点燃我们对工作的激情，并帮助我们克服困难。换言之，悲观时，我们很难取得任何成绩。其次，在我们身处黑暗，乐观能给我们带来光明；当我们灰心沮丧，乐观能给予我们鼓励。是乐观而不是天才或卓越的才能，在激励我们完 16
成艰巨的任务。拥有乐观，我们才能实现设定的目标，克服难题。
总之，乐观能使人行事睿智、仁慈、自信，它也是个人性格和能力培养中不可缺少的部分。
三、图表作文：
十大必背范文之十：2006 MBA真题（教材198页）
Directions:
In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram. Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes. You should write at least 150 words.
1998-20xx年全国工程硕士招生录取人数
（工程硕士：Master of Engineering）招生 recruitment 录取
enrollment
图表描述：The diagram above clearly illustrates that dramatic elevation has occurred in the recruitment of Master of Engineering (ME) in the past seven years. According to the statistics given above, we may conclude that the recruitment of ME was on a steady rise from 1998 to 2004. In 1998, the number was at a low level, only about 2,500. Surprisingly, it reached to more than 35,000 in 2004 within no more than seven years.
原因列举：Some driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned changes may be summarized as follows. First and foremost, China has become particularly active in manufacturing, which leads to the increasing demand of qualified engineers. In addition, the development of job market on the whole cannot keep pace with the expansion of college graduates, which obliges a large number of students to stay on campus for another three years to get better prepared for their career. Last but not least, working pressure is another reason. Taking all these factors into account, we may predict that with speedy development of our society, the number of recruitment of ME will keep growing in the forthcoming decade.
建议措施：On the other side of the coin, however, this tendency may bring about a good many problems, such as the waste of talent. It is necessary for us to take effective measures to ensure this situation doesn’t get out of hand, and encourage students to choose majors in which theoretical knowledge and practical skills will be demanded in the job market. (246 words)
上述图表清楚揭示了过去七年工程硕招生录取人数急剧增长。根据上面给出的数据，我们可以得出结论：从1998到20xx年，工程硕士招生录取人数稳步增长。在19xx年，招生人数较少，只有大约2500人。令人惊讶的是，到20xx年招生人数在不到七年的时间里达到3.5万人以上。
促成上述变化的一些主要原因可以概括如下。首先，中国在制造业方面已经变得异常活跃，这使得对高素质工程师的需求增长。此外，就业市场的总体发展无法跟上大学毕业生人数的增加，这促使很多学生在校园里再呆三年时间，为就业做更好的准备。最后，工作压力是另外一个原因。考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以预计：随着社会的迅速发展，工程硕士的招生人数在未来十年将会继续增加。
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