虚拟语气概述
英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。
虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：
He is honest. 他很诚实。 （________语气）
Don?t be late next time. 下次别迟到。 （________语气）
If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。 （________语气） I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。 （________语气）
虚 拟 语 气
知 识 框 架
含有条件状语从句的复合句
wish（would rather）+宾语从句
suggest（?）+宾语从句
同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do
3. 固定句型 It is (high) time that + S + did/should do sth
用过去式表现在情况
时态后退型
两种形式 用过去将来表将来
2. should+动词原形型
内 容 详 述
I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)
①If I were you ,I would/could/should/might do that.
②If I had know that yesterday,I would/could/should/might have told you .
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
③If you came tomorrow, we would/could/might have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
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注意事项：
1． 倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，
构成倒装句。
⑴ If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
= Were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
⑵If I had attended the meeting, I would have been here.= Had I attended the meeting, I would have been here.
把下列省略句改写为完整的句子.
①Were I you, I would go with him to the party.
____________________________________________________.
②Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
2．错综（混合）条件句。
若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
① If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
②If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
3.含蓄条件句
If it hadn?t been for your help ，we wouldn?t have succeeded.
=But for your help，we wouldn?t have succeeded.
=Without your help ，we wouldn?t have succeeded.
①If there weren't/had not been +?=without?
②If it were not for?/ If it hadn't been for?= but for?
③otherwise+虚拟语气的句子 虚拟语气的句子，
I should study harder,otherwise I would have kept up with the most outstanding sutdent in my class in last exam
④but+ 陈述事实的句子
Your mother would go with you,but she has to take care of your younger brother
⑤or/or else
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II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
sb. did ?(希望现在用过去式)
sb. had done?（希望过去用过去完成式）
2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
例：I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. （虚拟过去）
I'd rather you here for the answer tomorrow morning. （虚拟将来）
3. suggest+（that）S+should+do?
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should ＋动词原形，should常常省略。
这类词有：demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested，require等。
注意 suggest 当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气 Her expression suggested that she was angry．她的表情显示出她生气了。
Are you suggesting that he is too old for the job
I suggested that she（should）leave early for the airport．
判断改错：（错） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。
高考备考：insist用法
I. 表示“坚持说；坚决认为(多与别人的观点不同)”，接that从句(从句的动作多为已发生之事)，从句使用陈述语气。如：
She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持认为他错了。
I insisted to everyone that he was wrong．我对每个人坚持说他错了。
The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel．
II. 表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”，接that从句(从句的动作为将要发生之事)，谓语多为 should型的虚拟语气，即：主语+ should(可省略)+动词原形。如：
He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他一定要我们收下这些礼物。 Jane insisted that he be present. 简坚持要他出席。
还可用于“insist on / upon + 名词或代词或 动词-ing形式”结构中。如：
He insisted on / upon my going with him.
他坚持要我跟他一起去。(= He insisted that I [should] go with him.)
I insist on seeing it. 我一定要见到它。(= I insist that I see it.)
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【跟踪练习】 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The man insisted ______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 2. He insisted that he _____ right, and so he insisted that his plan ______ carried out at once. A. was; be B. be; would be C. was; was D. be; should be Key: 1-2 CA 解析： 1. C。insisted on finding a taxi for me，表示“坚持要为我找辆出租车”。
2. A。前一个insist表示“坚决认为”，从句用陈述语气；后一个insist表示“坚持
要求” ，从句谓语动词用should型的虚拟语气。
III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that?等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
名词性从句------ 同位语及同位语从句
同位语
一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
1. 名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child?s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.
2.短语作同位语
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.
我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3．同位语从句 同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
4．同位语部分是个句子，就是同位语从句，这种用法比较"固定"
同位语从句
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。
I?ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won?t be able to see you this afternoon． 我 4
从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether，连接代词what，who。连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
IV．虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) ＋动词原形。
这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议）， idea等。
eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off．
V． 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) ＋动词原形。
这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。
eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes.
VI． 虚拟语气用在固定句型中
It is（about ／high）time ＋that sb.did sth/should do sth..
eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home？
注：在this is the first time ／second time that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？
VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1．在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。
2．由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对 5
待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
VIII．虚拟语气用情感语言中
1．虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。
eg.You shouldn't have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance．
2．If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语 eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.
虚拟语气练习题：
1. If you were old enough, I ________ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed
2. The secretary suggested that they ________ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
3. __________I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
4. It is strange that such a thing _________ in your class.
A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened
5. How I wish I ________ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. have tried D. didn't try
6. If he _______ to the teacher attentively, he _______ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know
C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know
7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _______ your birthday party.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
8. If only I _________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.
A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew
9. The two strangers talks as if they _______ friends for years.
A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been
10. It is high time we _______ up our results.
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A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum
11 The librarian insists that John _______ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes
12. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _______ in the experiment.
A. shouldn?t succeed B. could not have succeeded
C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded
13. It?s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
14. She couldn?t have answered the question if she ________ a few books on world history.
A. hadn?t read B. hasn?t read C. wouldn?t read D. didn?t read
15. Isn?t it about time that you ________ to pick up the visitors from New York?
A. had gone B. should go C. go D. will go
16. The young man insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ________ free immediately.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set
17. Your advice that______ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
18. It was essential that we_________ lease（条约、合同） before the end of the month.
A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing
19. I wish that I ______ with you last night.
A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone
20. He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he ______a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
21. Looking round the town, he felt as though he A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
22. It is important that the TOEFL ___________office your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
23. If I had seen the movie, I ___________you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
24. I had hoped that John ______a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
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25. I?d rather you anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. didn?t do C. don?t D. didn?t
26. Everybody has arrived. It?the class.
A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. should start
27.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
28.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ________.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
29. She couldn?t have answered the question if she ______ a few books on world history.
A. hadn?t read B. hasn?t read C. wouldn?t read D. didn?t read
30. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.
A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
31.______ the fog, we should have reached our destination.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
32. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师
A. shouldn?t succeed
C. will not succeed B. could not have succeed D. should not have succeeded
33. The Law requires that everyone _______ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C will have D. have
34. I recommended that the student _______ his composition as soon as possible.
A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing
35. I would have called you up for help had it been possible, but I ______ your phone number then.
A. hadn?t had B. didn?t have C. shouldn?t have D. couldn?t have
36.Without electricity human life _________ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
37.I wish I___________ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
38.Had you listened to the doctor, you_________ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
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39._________ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
40.He is talking so much about America as if he__________ there
A. had been B. has been C. was D. been
41.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water. It looks as if it___________.
A. breaks B. had broken C. were broken D. had been broken
42.He treated me as though_________ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
43.If only I_________ a car of my own.
A. have B. had C. would love D. should have
44.Look at the trouble I?m in ! If only I_________ your advice.(2003上海)
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
45.If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
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