虚拟语气

虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

一、if从句：

（二）错综时间的虚拟句：通常情况下,在条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致, 但有

时也可能指不同的时间,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时

间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。

1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。

2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。

3. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在）。

4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。

5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）

（三）省略：If 从句中含有were, should, had时，可省略if并把were, should, had提前。

例如：Were I you, I wouldn’t quarrel with him.

备注：注：would, should, could与might的选择：

① 一般常用would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。常译作“将、就会”。如： If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。

② should在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，人们常说：I’ll go home.或I will go home. 但很少人说I shall go home. 因此，在虚拟条件句中，should也很少用。

③ could用于虚拟条件句中时，有“能够，可能”之意。如：

If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.

如果你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。

④ might用于虚拟条件句时，常译作“或许”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如： If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 如果我当时在场的话，我或许会和他吵起来。

二、（should）do （should可以省略）形式的虚拟：宾语、表语、同位语都要求虚拟

（一）一坚持（insist） 一推荐（recommend）

三命令 (order, command, direct) 三建议 (suggest, advice, propose) 五要求（demand, require, request, urge, ask）

口诀：①I drop cars. ②Crid soap

即“I：insist坚决，D：demand/desire要求/请求，R：request请求require要求/需要，O：order命令，P：propose建议，C：command命令，A：ask命令，advise建议，P：prefer宁愿，S：suggest建议” 注意：insist:①坚决宣称, 坚持认为，坚持说，固执己见（不虚拟）②坚决要求，坚持（虚拟）

suggest：①暗示（不虚拟）②建议, 提议（虚拟）

1. The man insisted that he didn’t steal the wallet and should be set free now.

2. Her pale face suggested that she was badly ill, so I suggested that she should go to see a doctor at once.

3. My suggestion is that he should go there at once.

4. It is suggested that he should go there at once.

5. I made a suggestion that he should go there at once.

6. This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.（定语从句不用虚拟）

（二） It is adj. for sb. that 主语+(should) do. （也可不虚拟）

It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that主语+(should) do. （也可不虚拟） 例如：1. It is necessary that he should be sent to the hospital at once.

2. It is a pity that he should miss such a golden chance.

三、It is (high) time that 虚拟） 过去式

should do(should不能省略)

It is time that we got up.

should get up.

四、would / could / might / should +have done

（一）without, but for…, 主语+ would / could / might / should +have done。（如果不…；要不是…）

例：But for your help yesterday, I couldn’t have done it well.

（二） but: 主语+ would / could / might / should +have done, but+句子.（真实的）

otherwise:句子（真实的），otherwise主语+ would / could / might / should +have done.

例：I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill.

I was ill; otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting.

五、wish, as if/ though, if only的从句： 过去式(did)(be常用 were) (表示与现在事实情况相反)

过去完成式(had done) (表示与过去事实情况相反)

would / could / might + do(表示与将来事实情况相反)

例如：If only he had visited us yesterday.

六、would rather do than do

+句子（虚拟） 过去式(did)(be常用 were) 表示与现在或将来情况相反

过去完成式(had +done) 表示与过去情况相反

七、Long live +主语！ 例：Long live the people!

May you do sth.! 例：May you succeed!

八、had+ expected/wanted/intended/planned/hoped/wished/thought/dreamed等表个人意志、打

算、想法的动词的过去分词，表示“本来要做某事（暗含但是后来没有做成的）”。其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。

例：I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

第二篇：虚拟语气word

虚拟语气

1、 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。

例1：If I were a boy, I would join the army.

例2：If the had time, she should go with you.

（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。

例1：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition。

（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。

例：If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。

例：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)

虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。

例1：Were I a boy, I would join the army.

例2：Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.

例3：Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。 例1：I wish it were spring all the year round.

例2：I wish I had known the answer.

例3：I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。

例1：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.

例2：The doctor ordered she should be operated.

（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。

例1：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

例2：My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.

（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。

例：It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her

homework this afternoon.

注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。

例：It is pity that you can’t swim.

3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用

（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。 例1：He did it as if he were an expert.

例2：Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。

例1：It’s time that I picked up my daughter.

例2：It’s high time we were going.

（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。

例1：If only I were a bird.

例2：If only I had taken his advice.

（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。

①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。

例1：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

例2：Would you be kind enough to close the door?

②用于一些习惯表达法中。

例1：Would you like a cup of tea?

例2：I would rather not tell you.