1. can (could)
1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。
1.Two eyes can see more than one. 2.Could the girl read the book?
1. Can you play Frisbee, Jay?—Yes, I ________. It’s easy.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。
1.He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
1. –Do you think his story ______ true? --I don’ think so. But it sounds good.
A. must be B. may be C. can be D. has to be
3）表示允许。
1.Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
2.He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
3. Children ________ play with fire.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
4. –Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
1.Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？2.He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。3.How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？
1. How _______ you say that you understand the story if you read only a part of the it? A. can B. must C. need D. may
2. Sometime is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be?--It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school.
A. can; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. might; could D. might; may
3. ______ the man there be our new teacher? -He ______ be, but I’m not sure.
A. May; mustn’t B. Can; may C. Must; can’t D. Can; can’t
4. What kinds of homes will we live in the future? Nobody ______ be sure.
A. will B. may C. can D. must
5. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose ______ it be?
A. must B. may C. would D. can
6. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
7. –Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? --No, it ______ be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. musn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
8. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
2. may (might)
1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
1.You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。2.He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。3.May (Might) I ask for photo your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
1. —________I have your English name, please?—Yes, Helen. H-E-L-E-N.
A. Must B. May C. Will D. Need
2. —________ I come in, Mr Green?—Yes, come in, please.
A. Must B. Need C. Will D. May
3. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
4. —I hear you’ve got a set of coin. _______ I have a look?—Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
5. –Could I call you by your first name? --Yes, you ______.
A. will B. could C. may D. might
6. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.
A. need B. must C. should D. may
7.Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts.
A. must B. can C. may D. should
8. ______ you be happy!
A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May
9.______ I know your name?
A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must
注意：在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻。
1. May I have a word with you?No, you ________. I’m busy today.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. don’t have to D. can’t
2. Mum, may I watch TV now?—Sure, but you ________ help me with my English.
A. can B. may C. must D. could
3. "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you __________."
A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not C. Could...can D. May...can't
4. –May I stop here? --No, you ______.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
5. –May I go out to play basketball, Dad?No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t
2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
1.He may be at home. 他可能在家。 2.She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
3.They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。
1. —Who is the boy over there? Is it John?No, it ________ be him. John is much taller.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
2. She ________ know the answer, but I’m not sure.
A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must
3. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。
1.We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
2.You mustn’t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话
1. John________ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must
2. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
3. – May I have an apple, Mum?-Certainly. But you ______ wash your hands first?
A. may B. must C. can D. need
4. –How long ______ the book be kept?For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time.
A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need
5. Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can B. need C. may D. must
6. The matter物质 ______ be changed into a gas气, but it _______ be heated 热to its boiling point沸点.
A. may; needn’t B. may; can C. mustn’t; needn’t D. can; must
7. You ______ be more careful next time.
A. have to B. may C. must D. might
8. –Mum, may I watch TV now?-Sure, but you ______ help me with my housework first.
A. can B. may C. must D. could
9. These books ______ out of the reading room. You have to read them here.
A. can’t take B. must be taken C. can take D. mustn’t be taken
10. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.
A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw
11. –May I go to the cinema, Mum? --Certainly. But you ______ be back by 11 o’clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
A. may B. must C. can D. need
注意：must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用把一切准备就绪
1. Can you go skating with us this afternoon?Sorry, I can’t. I ________ take care of my little sister at home. A.
can B. may C. would D. have to。
2. It’s still early. You ______.
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
3. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he ______ speak it after calss.
A. could B. didn’t have to C. might D. shouldn’t
4. Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? Sorry, I can’t. I _____ take care of my little sister at home A. can B. may C. would D. have to
注意：Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不必。（用Must问，一般不用mustn’t来回答）
1. ________ I download the article again?—No, you needn’t.
A. Shall B. Will C. Must D. Can
2. Must I hand in my exercise book today?—No, you ________.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
3.—You must come back every month.—Yes, I ________.
A. Will B. must C. should D. can
4. — Must we clean the room right now?— No, you. You clean it after lunch.
A. needn’t; may B. needn’t; must C. Mustn’t; can D. mustn’t; may
5. —Must I finish the work today。No, you _____. You _____finish it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t; may B. can’t; can C. needn’t; may D. needn’t; must
6. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, __________."
A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can
7. A teacher ______ do every exercise, but a student must.
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
8. You ______ miss the lesson, though we ______ have it on Thursday.
A. mustn’t; needn’t B. needn’t; mustn’t C. mustn’t; mustn’t D. needn’t; needn’t
9. –Must we hand in the papers now? --No, you ______.
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t
10. –Must I saty at home, Mum? --No, you ______.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not
2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
1. -Is John coming by train? --He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get
3. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
4.Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it ______ be very difficult.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
5. –Where is Jack, please ? --He _____ be in the reading room.
A. can B. need C. would D. must
4. shall
1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
1.Shall I get some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？ 2.Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？
3.What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？
1. –Shall I tell John about the bad news?--No, you ______. I think that will make him sad.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
1.You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
2.You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）
3.He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）
4.Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）
5. will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
If you will read the这本书，我会把它借给你。
2）表请求，用于疑问句。
1.Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
2.Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？
3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
1.Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 2.The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
3.The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。
1. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
6. should
1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。
2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。
1. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
7.would
1）表意愿
I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
8. ought to
1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。
You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。
2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。
1．There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.Really? It ______ be a fire, most probably.
A. can B. ought to C. may D. must
9. used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。
There used to be a building at the street corner, bn. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。
I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？
1. There __________ some flowers in the garden.
A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having
2. There __________ some flowers in the garden.
A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having
1. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink.
A. will...can B. may...can C. may...dares D. dare...can
2. I wonder how he _______ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
3. I __________ you, because I must be wrong.
A. dare not ask B. dare not C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask
10情态动词+have done的用法
must have done sth.一定做某事
can/could have done sth.本来能够做某事，而实际上未做
can't/couldn't have done sth.不可能做过某事
ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做
1. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
2. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It _______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
7. —I stayed at a hotel while in New York.—Oh, did you? You _______ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
9. I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
口诀：情态动词两特点：动词原形接后面，说话语气较委婉。can "能力"may"许可"，must"责任"或"义务"。否定回答needn’t换，"需要"need, dare"敢"。should"应该"，would"愿"，have to"被迫"表客观。
1. 电话 that my mother was ill生病. (05厦门)
A. can B. may C. have to D. think
2. ―Where’s my umbrella雨伞?‖ ―It’s fine today. You ___ take an umbrella with you.‖(06新疆)
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
3. --- 介意telling you what I know. ---You __. 济南)
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. can’t
4. We hope that as many people as possible可能 ___ join us for the charity show 慈善晚会tomorrow.(08苏州)
A. need B. can C. must D. should
5. ---___ your friend play the guitar吉他? ---Yes, he can, but he can’t play it well.(06广西)
A. Must B. Can C. Should D. Need
6. ---Is Mr. Brown driving 开车here? ---I’m not sure. He ____ come by train.(08安徽)
A. may B. shall C. need D. must
7. ---May I put放 my bike here? ---No, you ___. You should put it over there.(04北京)
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
8. The baby is too young. You ___ give her big pieces of 大份的食物food.(08沈阳)
A. may B. must C. may not D. must not
9. Tony ___ go to the opera 剧院on Saturday because he’s going to have a meeting.(08天津)
A. can’t B. might C. mustn’t D. should
10. Tom, don’t drive开车 too fast, you ___ hit 撞the others’ cars. ---Ok, 乌鲁木齐)
A. must B. need C. may D. have to
11. Must I do the work now? ---No, you ____. You may do it later迟点. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
12. I’m sure this book ___ Li Lei’s, because there is his name on it.(08吉林)
A. can’t be B. may be C. might be D. must be
13. Listen! Is Professor Bloom教授 giving a speech in class? -No, it ___ be him. He has gone to France.(08潍坊)
A. may not B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
14. Who’s that boy reading in the garden花园? Is that David? It ___ be David. I saw him in the room just now. A. must B. can’t C. may D. shouldn’t
15. Will you answer 接the telephone电话? It ___ be your mother. Sorry. I ____. I’m busy.(08山东)
A. can; mustn’t B. may; won’t C. may; can’t D. need; will
16. Four hundred dollars for a pair of shoes一双鞋, you ___ be joking开玩笑!(08杭州)
A. may B. can C. need D. must
17. The weather 天气turned out to be fine yesterday. I _____ the trouble麻烦 to carry my umbrella伞 with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken
18. I didn't hear听到 the phone. I ________ asleep睡觉. (MET1989)
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been didn't
19. I stayed at 呆在a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You ________ with Barbara. (NMET1998)
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
20. My sister met遇见him at the Grant Theatre 巨人戏院yesterday afternoon，so he ________ your lecture演讲.
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
21. I wonder why they late. They ___ the train.A. could miss B. might miss C. must have missed D. can't have missed
22. He ________ the examination考试 _________ he wasn't careful enough.
A. would pass; because B. could have passed; if C. should have passed; but D. had passed; so
23. Without没有 his help， we ________ such rapid progress快的发展.
A. didn't make B. don't make C. would not make D. would not have made
24. There was a lot of fun有趣 at yesterday's party. You ________ come， but why didn't you?
A. must have B. ought to have C. should D. need have
25. We ________ the manager， but no one ________ his telephone number.
A. could have called; knew B. could call; had known C. could have called; had known D. could call; knew 1~5 CBABB 6~10 ACDAC 11~15 CADBB 16~20 DCBAA 21~25CCDBA
（一）need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1.用作情态动词
--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗？ --需要。
You needn’t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。
I don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say I’m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？
Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。
2.用作实义动词
You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
I dare day he’ll come again. 我想他会再来的。
（I dare say…为固定习语）
（二）情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。
He isn’t here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。
Where can (could) he gone? 他能到那里去了呢？
You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。
You could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。
He needn’t have worried it. 他本不必为此事担心。
There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ought to have come, but why didn't you?
昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？
2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示―想必正在……‖，―可能正在……‖，―应当正在‖等意。
It’s twelve o’clock. They must having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。
They may be discussing problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。
He can’t be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话。
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak. 她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。
（三）几组词的辨异
1. can 和be able to
1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was∕were able to则表示―过去做成了某事‖。在否定句中两者可通用。
1.He couldm across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。
2.Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
2. must和 have to
3. would和used to
1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。
People used to think that the earth was flat.
过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。）
She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。）
2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。
She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。
3. "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you __________."
A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not C. Could...can D. May...can't
4. You were stupid to climb tree. You __________ hurt yourself.
A. may didn't you ?
A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.
6. All the lights are on, miths __________ up.
A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get
7. He __________ lead a but he __________ not make it drink.
A. will...can B. may...can C. may...dares D. dare...can
8. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, __________."
A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can
9. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked
10. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished.
A. may B. must C. can D. might
11. -Is John coming by train? --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
12. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
13. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
14. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may B. might C. can D. could
15. I wonder how he __________ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
16. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
17. Amy did best in the English test. She __________ hard last week.
A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work
18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
19. ---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You __________ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.D
19.A 20.C
16.B 17.A 18.D
1. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
2. —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It _______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
3. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
4. Johnny, you _______ play with the knife, you _______ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
6. —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They _______ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
7. —I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh, did you? You _______ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
8. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I _______ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
9. I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
10. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
11. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
12. I wonder how he _______ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying
C. not dare say D. dared say
13. When he was there, he _______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would
B. should C. had better D. might