语言点总结
Unit 1 Friendship
Word usage
1.add (to) v. 1) to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, or importance; 2) to join (numbers or amounts ) so as to find the total.
eg: The fire is going out; will you add some wood?
The snowstorm added to our difficulties.
Add up these figures for me, please.
2.ignore v. to take no notice of; refuse to pay attention to
eg: His letters were ignored.
Even the best of men ignored that simple rule.
My advice was completely ignored.
3. concern v. 使担心;使不安 (+about/for); 涉及,关系到;影响到
eg: The boy's poor health concerned his parents.
He is concerned for her safety.
The news concerns your brother.
He was very concerned about her.
4. loose adj. not firmly or tightly fixed.
She wore loose garments in the summer.
I have got a loose tooth.
Some loose pages fell out of the book.
5. purpose n. [C] an intention or plan; a person’s reason for an action.
What is the purpose of his visit?
The purpose of a trap is to catch and hold animals.
Did you come to London to see your family, or for business purpose?
6. series n. (of) a group of things of the same kind or related in some way, coming one after another or in order.
Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.
This publishing firm is planning a new series of school textbooks.
They carried out a series of experiments to test the new drug.
7. cheat. 1) v. to behave in a dishonest way in order to win an advantage;
2) n. a person who cheats; dishonest persons
They cheated the old woman of her house and money.
The salesman cheated me into buying a fake.
He never cheated in exams.
I see you drop that card, you cheat!
I never thought that Sam is a cheat.
8. share 1) vt.&vi. (in\with\ amount\between) to have, use or take part in something with others or among a group.
2) n. (in\of) the part belongs to, owed to or done by a particular person. The money was shared out between them.
Sam and I share a room.
We shared in his joy.
They always share their happiness and sorrow.
I have done my share of the work.
9. crazy adj. 1) mad ; foolish 2) [+about] wildly excited; very interested
You're crazy to go out in this stormy weather.
John's crazy about that girl.
She is just crazy about dancing.
10. dare v.& v.aux.. 1) + to do; 2) + v
to be brave enough or rude enough (to do sth. dangerous, difficult or unpleasant). How dare you accuse me of lying!
How dare you ask me such a question?
My younger sister dare not go out alone.
He did not dare to leave his car there.
11. trust 1) n. [U] (in) form believe in the honesty, goodness or worth etc, of someone or something
2) v. to believe in the honesty and worth of someone or something; have confidence in I have no trust in him.
I don’t place any trust in the government’s promises.
Why do you trust a guy like him?
I trust your wife will soon get well.
12. suffer v. (for) to experience pain, difficulty or loss
I cannot suffer such rudeness.
He suffered from poverty all his life.
My father suffers from high blood pressure.
They suffered a great deal in those days.
13. advice n. [U] opinion given to someone about what they should do in a particular situation
→v. advise to give advice to
I want your advice, sir. I don't know what to do.
I asked the doctor for her advice.
I f you take my advice, you won’t tell anyone about this.
He gave them some good\ sound advice.
14. communicate v. 1) (to) to make (opinions, feelings, information etc. ) known or understood by others. e.g. by speech, writing or body movements;
2) (with) to share or exchange opinions, feelings, information etc. Our teacher communicates his idea very clearly.
He had no way to communicate with his brother.
Did she communicate my wishes to you?
We learn a language in order to communicate.
Deaf people use sign language to communicate.
15. calm 1) adj. free from excitement, nervous activity or strong feelings; quiet
2) n. [U] peace and quiet
3) v. to make calm
You must try to be calm.
The high wind passed and the sea was calm again.
The police chief advised his men to stay \ keep calm and not lose their tempers. There was a calm on the sea.
She calmed the baby by giving him some milk.
We calmed the old lady down.
Useful expressions:
1.add up
to join (numbers or amounts ) so as to find the total.
Add up 3, 4 and 5 and you'll get 12.
Add up your score and see how many points you can get.
If we add these marks up, we'll get a total of 90.
2.calm down
to make or become calm
Calm down, sir. What's the trouble?
Just calm down, there’s nothing to worry about!
We tried to calm him down, but he keep shouting.
3.be concerned about \with
to worry or interest
My parents are concerned about my studies.
Don’t concern yourself about \ with other people’s affairs.
She’s concerned about his son’s future.
4.go through
1) to suffer or experience; 2) to look at or examine carefully;
3) to pass through or be accepted
The country has gone through too many wars.
The new law did not go through.
Let’s go through it again, this time with the music.
5.set down
1) to make a written record of; write down 2) put down I have set down everything that happened.
I will set down the story as it was told to me. Please set me down at the next corner.
6.a series of + pl. & n 做主语时，谓语动词用单数
一连串的，一系列的，连续的
There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.
These days I have read a series of articles on reading.
A series of TV play is on Channel 1 these days.
7.on purpose
intentionally; with a particular stated intention
He did it on purpose.
“I am sorry I stepped on your toe; it was an accident.” “It wasn’t! You do it on purpose.”
I came here on purpose to see you.
8.according to
as stated by sb. or sth.
They divided themselves into three groups according to age.
Please arrange the books according to size.
According to the Bible, Adam was the first man.
According to her, grandfather called at noon.
9.fall in love
begin to be in love (with sb.)
They fell in love at once; it was love at first sight.
What will he do if his daughter falls in love with a poor man?
They fell in love with each other for years.
10. join in
to take part in (an activity)
They are going to join in the singing.
She started dancing and we all joined in.
Would you like to join in my birthday party?
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Unit 2 English around the world
Word usage
1. include v.
a) contain
eg. The price includes both house and furniture.
b) embrace thing as part of whole
eg. I include him among my friends.
2. present
a)adj: being at hand; being now出席的, 在场的;现在的, 当前的该词可做前置定语也可做后置定语，当它做前置定语其义为“现在的”，做后置定语其义为“出席的”
eg. The present members 现在的成员
The members present 在场的成员
b) n: gift
eg. He often gave his neighbor's kids little presents.
C)vt: to offer赠送,呈献[(+to/with)]
eg. They presented him with a bunch of flowers.
3. culture
n: [C][U] understanding of literature, art, music, etc
eg. He has studied the cultures of many western countries.
4．identity n: who or what a person or thing is
eg. You should show your identity card before you enter it.
5．rule
a) n:custom or statement about what must not be done
eg. He’s made it a rule to rise early.
It’s against the rules of the school to smoke.
b) vt: to govern or control
c) eg. The queen ruled her country for 20 years.
6． Request
a) vt: to ask for
b) eg. They requested financial support.
注意：这个词所接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气
I requested that he (should) come an hour earlier.
B )n: asking or being asked
eg. Mr. Paine made a request that I should help him.
7.command
a)vt: give orders to
eg. I command you to start at once.
注意：这个词所接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气
I command that you (should) start at once.
b) n: order
eg. The army received the command to fire.
8．Actually adv
eg. She looks young, but she's actually 50.
Did you actually see him break the window?
9．International adj: of relating to or involving two or more countries in the world 国际的
eg. They are dealing with the international affairs.
Many African countries received international help.
10.modern adj: recent
eg. This is a book of modern history.
There is a modern hospital.
11. vocabulary n: all the words of language
eg. Wide reading will increase your vocabulary.
My English vocabulary is limited.
12.rapidly adv: quickly
eg. Our country develops rapidly.
The number of learning English is increasing rapidly.
13.retell v: tell something once more
eg. Can you retell the story in your own word?
The teacher asked you to retell it.
14.recognize v: to identify from previous experience
eg. He looked at the envelope and recognized Jenny's handwriting immediately. The policeman recognized her as a thief.
15. government n: group which govern a country or a certain area
eg. The government will decide the matter.
The government is discussing the problem.
Useful expressions
1.play a part/ role in: to act or to be involved in an activity
eg. He has played an important part in carrying out the whole plan. English plays an important role in international communication.
2. because of：by reason of sb or sth
eg. Because of the storm he didn't go there.
because of 与because 的区别，前者后接名词或代词，后者接句子
eg. He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
He didn’t go to school because of his illness.
3．come up
eg. She came up and said, "Glad to meet you."
The moon came up gradually.
I'll let him know if anything comes up.
4. such as: like; for example
eg. I like drinks such as tea and coffee.
such as 与for example 的区别，前者用来罗列事物或人后者用来举例说明
eg. English is also spoken in many places, such as Africa and Asia.
For example, Tom has the same opinion.
Unit 3 Travel Journal
Word usage
1.fare n. 费用
1) How much is the air fare to Beijing?
2) a single/one-way fare 单程票价
2.transport n.& vt. 运输;运送
transport from?to 从??运输到
1) The transport of vegetables from the farm to the market takes only half an hour.
2) The yellow bus transport passengers from the airport to the city.
3.persuade vt. 说服, 劝服
persuade sb. to do = persuade sb. into doing 说服某人做
persuade sb. not to do = persuade sb. out of sth./doing 说服某人别做,劝阻某人做 persuade sb. of sth. = persuade sb. + that?使某人相信
1) The salesman persuaded us to buy/into buying his product.
2) The hunter persuaded us not to walk/ out of walking through the thick forest alone.
3) He tried to persuade me of his honesty. = He tried to persuade me that he was honest.
4.insist vt. 坚持,坚决主张
insist on/ upon doing 坚决做,坚持做
insist on one’s doing 坚持要某人做
insist that 坚持认为;坚持说
1) She insisted on / upon (our) going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable.
2) We insisted that father (should) give up smoking for the good of his own health.
5. proper adj.恰当的,正确的
properly adv. = in a proper way
be proper for 对?? 恰当合适
It is proper for sb. to do = It is proper that?某人做某事是妥当的
behave properly 举止有礼
properly speaking严格地说
1) Is it proper for you to wear a cap while eating?
= Is it proper that you should wear a cap while eating?
2) It is not proper to be late for a dinner party.
6. determine v. 决定,决心,确定
determine to do 决定做
determine sb. to do 使某人下决心做
be determined to do 决心做
1) He firmly determined to rise in the world whatever it took.
2) She determined that she would never see him again.
3) She was determined to go to university.
7. change one’s mind 改变主意
1) Once he has made up his mind, nothing can be done to change his mind.
2) make up one’s mind 某人下定决心
8. at an altitude of = at a height of 在海拔??米处
1) The plane is flying at a height/ altitude of 10000 feet.
9. give in
give in to sb. 向某人让步, 屈服于某人
1) The mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.
2) He had to give in to my views.
上一页 [1] [2] [3] 下一页 Unit 4 Earthquakes
Word usage
1.shake 1)v. (shook, shaken)
to (cause to) move up and down or from side to side with quick short movements. 2) n. [C usually sing.] an act of shaking
The house shook when the earthquake started.
Shake the bottle before taking the medicine.
He came forward and shook me by the hand. =He came forward and shook hands with me.
He was shaking with anger.
She answered “no” with a shake of the head.
2. rise 1) vi. (rose, risen) to move from a lower to a higher level or position; go up 2) n. [C (in)] an increase in quantity, price, demand etc.
The sun has not yet risen.
The population of the city has risen to five million.
He rose and left the room.
There will be a rise in unemployment next year.
There’s been a sharp rise in the cost of living.
2.pond n. an area of still water smaller than a lake, especially one that has been artificially made
Some cattle were drinking at the pond.
There are some fish living in the pond.
When an earthquake is coming, fish will jump out of ponds.
3.burst 1) v. to (cause to ) break open or break apart suddenly and violently, usually as a result of pressure from within and often cause the contents to become widely scattered.
2) n. an act of result of bursting; (of) a sudden short period of great activity, loud noise, strong feeling; outbreak
The balloon burst.
After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.
A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.
4. canal n. an artificial stretch of water dug in the ground to allow ships or boats to travel along
it, or to bring water to or remove water from an area
Coal used to be sent here by canal.
Canals have been built to irrigate the desert.
The Panama Canal joins two oceans.
5.steam n. [U] 1) water in the state gas produced by boiling
2) power or effort produced by steam under pressure, and used for making things work or move
Who invented the steam engine?
Steam was used to be the power of a train.
There is steam bursting from that hole.
6.ruin 1. n. a) [U] the cause or state of destruction and decay
b) [C] a building that has been badly damaged or destroyed
2. vt. a) to spoil or completely destroy a person or thing
b) to cause someone to loss all their money
The temple has fallen into ruin.
We visited the ruins of the temple.
The heavy rain ruined our holiday.
The hurricane ruined all the houses here.
The flood ruined the crops.
If I lose my lawsuit(官司), the cost will ruin me.
7.injure vt. to cause physical harm to (a person or animal), especially in an accident; hurt seriously; to damage
I hope I didn't injure her feelings.
His back was injured.
Two people were killed and seven were injured.
His reputation will be badly injured by the vicious rumour.
8.destroy vt. to damage sth so severely that it can not be repaired; put an end to the existence of; ruin
A fire destroyed the house.
What he said destroyed our last hope.
All hopes of peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.
9.brick n. [C,U] 1) a hard piece of baked clay used for building
2) sth. in the shape of a brick
They used yellow bricks to build the house.
The tower is made of bricks.
Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
10. useless adj. not of any use
This knife is so blunt. It’s useless.
I realized it was useless to reason with him.
I was useless at maths. = My maths is very poor.
11. shock 1) n. a) [C, U] a violent force from sth such as explosion, a crash or a hard blow
b) [C, U] the feeling you get after sth unexpected and usually very unpleasant has suddenly happened, or you have received an unexpected piece of news
c) the poor medical condition of someone who has an accident and whose heart and lungs are not working properly
2) v. to make someone feel very upset, angry, or unpleasant
Earthquake shocks are often felt in Japan.
The news of his death was a shock to us.
The traffic accident sent him into a state of shock.
They were shocked by her rudeness.
We were shocked by his sudden death.
12. rescue v. to save someone or sth from harm or danger
He rescued three children from the burning building.
The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.
The boy was rescued after hours at sea.
13. disaster n. [C,U] a sudden event causes great loss or harm
We were all shocked by the disaster.
The earthquake is one of the worst natural disasters the country has ever suffered. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
14. organize v. to plan and arrange an event; to arrange things in a sensible order
We'll organize an oral English contest.
The story is very well organized.
They organized the truckers into a union.
15. shelter 1) n. a) [U] protection, especially from bad weather or danger b) a building that protects you from weather or danger.
2) vt. to protect someone or sth from bad weather or danger;
vi. to stay in a place in order to be protected from bad weather or danger
The umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.
Their immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter.
The wall sheltered us from the wind.
She was accused of sheltering a murderer.
She wad sheltered by the USA.
In the rain people were sheltering in the doorways of shops.
16. fresh adj. 1) new and different (only before a noun ); 2) recently picked, caught, produced and therefore in good condition (used of food); 3) clean, cool and pleasant
They buy fresh meat.
This kind of fish lives in fresh water.
She is fresh from university.
She is quite fresh to office work.
17. percent n. parts for each 100
The bank has increased its interest rate by one percent.
Over ninety percent of the islanders here are illiterate.
He spends a large percent of his income on food and drink.
18. speech n. 1) [C] a formal talk to a group of listeners
2) [U] the ability to speak or the act of speaking
3) [U] way of speaking
The chairman made an opening speech.
She is researching speech development in children.
We express our thoughts by speech.
By your speech I can tell you're from Hong Kong.
19. judge 1) vi. & vt. to decide who or what is the winner in a competition
2) [vt. + that] to form or give an opinion about someone or sth after careful thought
judging from, judging by?
3) n. a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law; a person who has the knowledge and experience to give an opinion about the value of sth
You can't judge a book by its cover.
He is going to judge the first race.
We must judge whether he is guilty.
The prisoner was taken before the judge.
He was one of the judges at the horse race.
20. honour 1) n. a) [U] great respect and admiration
b) [sing] sth that brings great respect and pride
2) v. to show respect to sb. or to praise sb. publicly
We fight for the honor of our country.
He is an honor to our school.
Children should be taught to show honor to their elders.
He honors his teachers.
20. prepare 1) vt. to make sth. ready for a future event or action
2) vi. to get ready to do sth.
They prepared themselves for the worst.
When we arrived home, mother had already prepared dinner for us.
I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at the door.
Useful expressions
1.right away
at once ; in no time; immediately
I will return the book right away.
I am getting in touch with him right away.
We are about to start right away.
2.end
1) at an end
finish; over
It seems that the world was at en end.
2) bring? to an end ＝put an end to?
I wonder how I can bring the dispute to an end.
＝I wonder how I can put an end to the dispute.
3) come to an end
The meeting came to an end at midnight.
4) at the end of?
At the end of the road there is a shop.
5) by the end of?
How many English words have you learned by the end of last term?
6) in the end =at last; finally
He will be a scientist in the end.
3.dig out
1) to get sth out of a place, using a spade or your hands
2) to find sth you have not seen for a long time, or that is not easy to find Let’s dig out the roots.
Why did you dig out all those old magazines?
We must dig the truth out of him.
4.a (good \ great \ large) number of+ n.(pl.)
many; a large quantity of; a lot of
A good number of students are not interested in modern art.
I’ve seen the film a number of times.
The Great Wall attracts a great number of foreign tourists every day.
the number of?
The number of private colleges has increased.
= Private colleges have increased in number.
５. give out
1) to give sth to a number of different people, especially to give information to people
2) to produce light, heat, a sound, a gas, smell etc
You have no right to give my telephone number out.
Students were giving out leaflets(传单)to everyone on the street.
The teacher gave out the examination papers.
The radiator (散热器) is giving out a lot of heat.
与give有关的常用短语还有：
give away 送掉，捐赠
give in 让步，屈服
give off 发出（气味、光、热、声音等），此时相当于give out
give up 放弃
give back 归还
６. thousands of
基数词＋s，并不表示确切的具体数字，可以单独使用，也可以先接介词of再接复数名词。 There are thousands of people in the park on May Day.
Thousands of people died of hunger.
Mr. Smith gave thousands of books to the school.
注意：tens of thousands of 数以百万计的
hundreds of hundreds of 成百上千的
hundreds of thousands of 数十万的
millions of 数百万的
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
Word usage
1.willing adj: desiring to do what is wanted; not objecting
eg. They are willing to come.
eg. He is willing to do the job without payment.’
2.prison n: building for confining person convicted or accused of a crime
eg. He was sent to prison for damaging public property.
词组be in prison在狱中，
eg .He is now still in prison.
put /throw sb into prison 把某人投入监狱
The two noblemen put/ threw Dr. Manette into prison without mercy.
3．Law n
a)system of rules which are used to govern the conduct of a nation
eg. He was against the law of the country, as a result, he was sentenced to death. b) the science or study of such rules
eg. He is interested in the laws of nature.
3.advise v: suggest
eg. We advised her that she (should) wait.
这个词跟suggest都表示建议之义，但要表示建议某人做某事只能用advise sb to do sth, 不能用suggest sb to do sth
advise,suggest 后接宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气。
其名词形式为advice,是一个不可数名词,要表达一条建议只能说成a piece of advice
4.equal adj:the same in number, quality, size, etc
eg. Everybody had an equal chance.
be equal to，be fit for胜任
eg. He is not equal to the job
5.reward
a)n: somrthing given or received for service
eg. It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work. b)v: to give a reward to
eg. Winners will be rewarded a trip to England.
6．Hero n:
a) man admired for his brave deeds.
Eg. He is a war hero.
b) chief male character in a story, play etc.
eg. Tony is the hero in this play.
7.quality n: characteristic or level of goodness
eg. She has many good qualities.
One quality of this material is that it can endure much tress.
8.peaceful adj: calm or quiet
eg. Our country is a peaceful country.
It is a peaceful garden.
9.vote
a)n: the result of an election
eg. He was chosen as president by vote.
b) to support or express by a vote
eg. We have the right to vote.
10. accept v: receive or say yes to an offer
eg. He accepted the reward.
She refused to accept his invitation.
11. position n: place or post of employment
eg. I want to know the position of the shop.
The guns are in position.
He has a high position in society.
Useful expressions
1. lose heart
eg. Don’t lose heart you still have many chances.
Though he failed many times, he didn’t lose heart.
2. (be) in trouble : in a situation that involves danger, pain, worry, etc
eg. When I am in trouble, I always ask him for help.
If we can’t finish the job on time, we will be in a lot of trouble.
3. fight against/with: struggle against sb/sth using physical force, in a war, battle, etc eg. He fought against the enemy in the war.
England fought with Germany in the war of 1914—1918.
4. worry about: make sb anxious
eg. She worried about her missing son.
I worried about the result of the exam.
5. out of work: not having a paid job
eg. She has been out of work for a year.
He needs his family’s support because is out of work.
6.as a matter of fact: in fact
eg. As a matter of fact, I don’t know the truth.
He doesn’t mind at all. As a matter of fact he’s pleased.
7.blow up
a) explode
eg. The bomb blew up.
b) lose one’s temper
I’m sorry I blew up at you.
8. come to power: in power
eg. Things have changed a lot since he came to power.
He came to power last year.
9. set up : establish or create sth
eg. One organization will be set up to solved the problem. They set up a tent to spend the night.
10. be sentenced to: state that sb is to have a certain punishment eg. The thief was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment
The criminal was sentenced to death.
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