专题21 阅读填空
方法与技巧
题型特点
1.文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。
2.考查对文章的结构的了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
解题方法
通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。
步骤一：通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因 为开门见山与结?”?尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主—
题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的 了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段 与末段的提?:
示作用。
步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。
步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。
体验高考
【2014·北京卷】（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information
Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Resonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determin whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense. Ifa report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).
Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs
to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
A. Make choice that are right for you.
B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original research.
E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
【2014·辽宁卷】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
· Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
· Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.
Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
· part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
· Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a
more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
【2014·全国新课标I】（共3小题，每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
no matter what the future holds.
1. Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious. Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?
2. Creativity
different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity.
3. Interpersonal Skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false “Why do you think she is crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”
4. Self Expression
? music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for cooking on a tight schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule： 1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials 2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you mamake more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3. This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. great changes in the way you eat and live!
A. Try new things.
B. Ability is easily improved.
C. Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your food better.
E. Cooking is a burden for many people.
F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
模拟新题精选
1.【2015·东北三校第一次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you struggle with business writing? Are teams and individuals asking for help with their business writing skills? Since 1990,we have been helping employees and managers write better.
Everything written in business reflects the image of the company and the writer. This means organizing ideas well, checking that the language is accurate and that the presentation is professional. Writing successfully is always the result of careful planning.
Before you start writing, you need to decide why you are writing and what you hope to achieve. This will help you decide what to include in your writing and whether to write an e-mail, a letter or perhaps a report.
Meanwhile, think about readers. The structure of what you write can guide readers and help them understand the content of your writing so that they can respond.
While you are writing, you need to think about how you organize your ideas. Writing a report may involve presenting data and linking complex ideas; writing a memo (备忘录) may involve describing a situation and dealing with ways of improving it. You need to understand how to construct paragraphs.
After you have finished writing comes the very important process of revising, checking and correcting.
You will find plenty of useful information about effective business writing. In our courses, participants get tools, tips, techniques, job aids, and follow-up resources to help them write better.
A. Contact us.
B. Assess your skills here.
C. It will help you choose appropriate structures.
D. A range of words can be used to link your ideas.
E. Spelling mistakes should be checked and corrected.
F. So it is very important that writing is done to the highest standards.
G. Here comes the good news.
2.【河北省邯郸市2015届高三上学期1月份教学质量检测】
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This is the season for giving. Looking to get in touch with your generous side? Learn these four habits of truly thoughtful gift givers.
Considerate gift giving is as much about planning as it is about how well you know the person. Take time to
think about his or her personality and interests to figure out how he or she will get the most value.
2. They don’t focus on cost.
The practice of thoughtful giving offers a wealth of benefits, but that doesn’t mean givers should focus on expensive gifts. It seems that having more cash could actually reduce compassion(同情). And isn’t compassion what this time of year is all about? So don’t take it too hard if you don’t have a lot to spend.
3. They make gifts personal.
Gifting is an opportunity to let a person know how much you appreciate and love him, and show how well you know him. Book a massage (按摩), take them to a wine tasting event, or get a couple of tickets to a concert or show. If you’re buying for a parent, taking their kids for an evening could be the best gift of all.
4. They think about the presentation.
See what you have around your house to customize (自定义) packaging. You can use pretty towels to cover something like a bottle of wine. You can also tie on a decoration that fits the theme of your gift.
A. They plan ahead.
B. Instead, get creative.
C. They enjoy giving more than receiving.
D. In fact, thoughtful gift givers don’t concentrate on the cost of presents. E. Thoughtful gift givers pay attention to detail, including how their gifts are packaged.
F. Make a list of your ideas ahead of time to make sure you find the perfect fit for everyone.
G. If you’re buying for someone who seems to have everything, consider gifting an experience.
3.【江西省吉安市第一中学2015届高三上学期第二次阶段考】
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(36)_______You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so. however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how：
Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list. you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. (37)_______ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of eeverything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class. (38)_______ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. (39)_______ If you do these things regularly, the
material will become more meaningful, and you’ll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test,so don, t be over worried.
(40)_______ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
A. There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
B. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. C. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
D. No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
E. Maybe you are an average student.
F. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher asys in class.
G. This will help you understand the next class.
4.【山西省大同一中、同煤一中2015届高三联考】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
How to protect your ears
You and your friends are leaving a concert on a Friday night. When you get outside, your ears are ringing. You have to shout to be heard. So no harm done…right?
Not quite. Temporary buzzing may be easy to ignore, but repeated exposure to loud noise will eventually cause serious--- and irreversible(无法治愈的)--- hearing loss. A new study conducted by researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston shows that one in five people between the ages of 12 and 19 are experiencing slight hearing loss, and one in 20 have mild
But the good news is that there plenty of ways you can protect your ears from further damage — and still listen to the music you love:
Ask around. Put your earbuds in or your headphones on, and then ask a friend next to you whether or not he or she can hear what you’re listening to. Turn it down.
Buy noise-canceling headphones. A pair of earbuds or headphones that fits comfortably will limit outside noise so that you can hear your music better at lower volumes.
So when listening to music, take your headphones off for 15 or 20 minutes and let your ears enjoy the quiet.
You can buy a cheap pair at any drugstore as an easy way to lower volume at concerts — or while
playing or practicing your own music — without changing the quality of the sound.
A. Use earplugs.
B. Keep the volume below 70 percent.
C. If the answer is yes, your music is too loud.
D. Like every other part of your body, your ears need rest.
E. But by morning, your hearing is totally back to normal.
F. Unfortunately, there’s no way to get back hearing you’ve already lost.
G.. The exposure to noise is louder and longer than in any previous generation.
5.【山东省实验中学第三次诊断考试】
May the first is an important date in the college admission process in the United States．This is the last day for high school seniors to accept or reject offers of admission in the fall．But according to a recent report，there is a great change．Acceptance rates at the top colleges this year were lower than ever．【小题1】 ．
These days，college applicants are applying to more colleges because online and common applications make the process easier．【小题2】On the other hand，deciding students for top colleges to accept can be difficult because it takes much time．Students may not like being put on waiting lists．Also，common colleges work more to get the students they accept to accept them．Some colleges hold visiting days that offer a chance to attend classes and stay overnight．Some universities send gifts． 【小题3】
For many families，the most important thing colleges can do is show them the money， especially this year；the weak economy makes parents nervous．【小题4】．The recent problems that spread from the housing market to credit markets have even affected student’s loans．So lately，top schools have to spare lots of money to increase their financial aid for students．
【小题5】The Education Department expects the number of high school graduates to start to go down．This will happen as the last of the children of the baby boom generation finish high schoo1．The number is not expected to start rising again until 2015．
A．Besides，top colleges are facing changes in the population．
B．What contributes to it?
C．But a mistake can be costly if it happens．
D．But top colleges ignore them．
E．They have international students who know English．
F．It can mean several acceptances to choose from．
G．They cannot afford college as planned．
6.【山东省潍坊市重点中学2015届高三12月阶段性教学质量检测】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The secret to losing weight isn’t just watching what’s on your plate; it’s also about watching what’s in your glass. Popular soft drinks, fruit juices，and energy drinks can be loaded with added sugars and carbohydrates that can damage your weight-loss strategy.
1.Water
We all know this one, but it’s important to remember that water is the single best choice for effective weight loss. Whether it’s still or sparkling, aim to make water, your goThen try adding fresh lemon slices, lime, cucumber, and even a slice of tomato to add flavor without adding many calories.
2. Vegetable juice
Whether in a can bottled，or homemade，vegetable juice is an excellent way to get the fiber and nutrients your body needs to fuel your weight loss the veggies will keep you fuller longer and the tangy flavor will keep your taste buds happy.
3. Unsweetened tea
Green tea has been proven to help boost metabolism and speed up weight loss. Try it hot or iced with a bit of honey for a low-sugar sweet drink. Both are filled with antioxidants，which can help rid your body of toxins.
4. Black coffee
A morning cup of joe or an afternoon iced coffee can help spur your weight loss by providing a boost of caffeine that suppresses hunger. Also, coffee has been shown to stimulate thermo genesis，which heats up the body and boosts metabolism. Just be careful about what you add to your coffee-stick to skim milk and very little sugar. 5.Skim milk
Milk is an excellent source of lean protein，vitamin D, and calcium that can help build your muscles and keep your bones strong. If you are feeling indulgent，add a little chocolate-low-fat. Chocolate milk is a great option for post-workout muscle recovery.
A. Think water is boring?
B. Don’t forget black and oolong teas，too!
C. To be honest, milk doesn’t cost too much.
D. Remember to drink several cups of water a day.
E. If you can find a low-sodium variety, even better.
F. Here are five tasty ways to drink up without packing on the pounds.
G. Opt for low-fat or skim milk for all of the vitamins without the added fat.
7.【2015届河北保定市高三调研试题】 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Different Cultures
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers-the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain-the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over, the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't distinguish from the European culture a lot。
Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system Other causes like human race difference counts as well. But what's more. due to the far distance and the steep .areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no-interference（干扰） from the other.
The differences are everywhere. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.
B. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.
D. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.
E This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.