味美佳餐饮公司主管孙贵云拓展心得

这次拓展训练，让我思考了很多不曾考虑过的问题，除非亲身经历，否则你绝对不会相信团队合作的精神和力量有多惊人。没有完美的个人只有完美的团队。个人的成功不能算成功，团队的成功才是真正的成功。

良好的团队精神和积极进取的人生态度，是现代人应有的基本素质，拓展训练不仅能够磨练意志，融合人与人之间的关系，而且，还给了我们很多快乐。

而一个团队无论是做什么事，都要具体问题具体分析，要做好充分的预案，然后再分工明确，责任到人，同时要严明组织纪律，任务分配到人，每个人都要有强烈的责任心，完成任务时要勇于承担责任，要有奉献精神，还要加强双赢意识，突破常规性的思维方式，具有开拓创新的意识，大家要发扬团结协作的精神，认真做好身边的每一件事（小事更应细做），完成任务后和大家共同分享快乐，鼓舞团队士气，这样才能成为一支过硬的队伍，优秀的团队。

通过这次训练我最大的感想就是：拓展训练的一个目的，就是要在训练中让队员意识到：有竞争力的团队。团队精神是一股无形的动力，它激励着每一位队员默默地为团体奉献着自己，推动着每项任务的完成。

“没有做不到，只有想不到”这句很经典的话通过这一天的拓展训练让我充分感受到了。拓展训练结束了，带给我疲惫的同时，更让我兴奋和深深的思考：温暖的团队，合作的力量，创新的魅力，开放的思维，所有的这些都将陪伴我们的每一个队员去打造以后更加精彩的每一天。

第二篇：滁州学院论文模板

本 科 生 毕 业 论 文

（申请学士学位）

论文题目 《无名的裘德》中裘德悲剧的原因 作者姓名

所学专业名称

指导教师 X X X 英 语 X X X

20xx年5月25日

《无名的裘德》中裘德悲剧的原因

X X X

滁州学院外语系

二00九年五月二十五日

Analysis of the Reasons for Jude’s Tragedy in Jude

the Obscure

By

X Xx

Under the supervision of

Associate Professor X Xx

A Thesis

Submitted to the Department of Foreign Languages

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in English

At Chuzhou University

May 25, 2009

滁州学院本科毕业论文（设计）原创性声明

本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。

签名：

年 月 日

Acknowledgements

I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all these who helped me in one way or another in the completion of this thesis.

First of all, I owe great indebtedness to my supervisor, Associate Professor X Xx whose strict demands and insightful suggestions are indispensable through all the stages of development and revision of the thesis. He/She has made lots of corrections and suggestions while reading my drafts of the thesis. Without his /her patience and wisdom the present thesis would be unthinkable.

Special thanks should also be extended to all of the teachers who taught me during my four years of study in Chuzhou University, in particular, associate professors X Xx, X Xx and X Xx and lecturers X Xx, X Xx and X Xx for their enlightening instructions.

At last, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my family and dear friends. With their consistent support and encouragement, I would be able to carry on my study and complete this thesis.

I

Abstract

Jude the Obscure is the most controversial novel of Thomas Hardy’s work. Through Jude’s double misfortune in love and course, it complains the unreasonable education system, the sub-human institution of marriage as well as the entire capitalist system in the late Victorian time. The deep analysis about the weakness of petty bourgeois point out that this is a underlying cause of the social tragedy.

Jude the Obscure primarily reflects the living, striving and spiritual pursuit of people in root grass. It discusses many conflicts in human activities, such as love and marriage and sexual relations, career and love, Christianity and human’s developed demand. The thesis focuses on analyzing the reasons of Jude’s failure and suicide from the unreasonable education and marriage, and the influence of surrounding and personality.

The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part briefly introduces Hardy’s life experiences and the main content of Jude the Obscure. The second part analyzes the reasons of Jude’s tragedy from social aspect while the third part from surrounding aspect. The fourth part emphasizes the hero’s personality. The fifth part makes a conclusion to show the realistic significance of Jude the Obscure.

Key words: novel; marriage; education; religion; personality

II

摘 要

《无名的裘德》是英国作家托马斯哈代（1840-1928）最受争议的一部作品。通过主人公裘德的事业与爱情的双重不幸，控诉了维多利亚中后期资产阶级教育制度的不合理，婚姻制度的不合人性,进而对整个资本主义制度及道德做了否定。同时也对小资产阶级自身的软弱做了深入剖析，指出这是造成这种社会悲剧的内在原因。

《无名的裘德》主要反映中下层社会人的生存奋斗和精神追求，探讨在重要的人类活动中，恋爱、婚姻以及两性关系的追求。事业与爱情的矛盾，基督教与人发展了的需求之间的矛盾。本论文主要从不合理的教育及婚姻制度，周围环境的影响以及人的自身原因来分析主人公裘德未能实现自身理想，以自杀形式结束自身生命的原因。

论文框架分为五个部分：第一部分是引言，简单介绍了哈代生平及该作品梗概。第二部分主要从社会角度分析裘德悲剧的原因。第三部分从周围人物的影响来分析其悲剧原因。第四部分则是从主人公自身原因探讨其悲剧原因。第五部分总结全文并分析了作品的现实意义。

关键词：小说；婚姻；教育；宗教；个性

III

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ………………………………………………....…I English abstract.....................................................................................II Chinese abstract………………………………………………………III Table of contents……………………………………………………IV

1. Introduction…………….…………………………………1

1.1 The goals of the thesis……………………………………………..1

1.2 Outline of the thesis………………………………………………..2

2. Social reasons of Jude’s tragedy………………………….3

2.1 Unreasonable educational system………………………………….3

2.2 Unreasonable marriage system ……………………………………4

2.3 Religion reasons……………………………………………...……5

3. Four different people’s and another person’s influences on Jude’s tragedy in Jude the Obscure……………………….……...5

3.1 By Araballa ………………………………………………….….…6

3.1.1 Araballa’s view of tragedy………………….…………………..…………7

3.1.2 Araballa’s analysis of tragedy…………………………………….…7

3.2 By Sue. ……………………………………………………………8

3.3 By Phillotson ……………………………………………………...8

3.4 By old father time ……………………………………………...….8

4. Unhealthy personality in Jude’s tragedy…………………8 IV

5. Conclusion……………………….………………… ………9 Bibliography…………………………………….…………………….10 Appendix A….………………………………………………...……….11 Appendix B…………………...…………………...…………………..12 V

Analysis of the Reasons for Jude’s Tragedy

in Jude the Obscure

1. Introduction

The author Thomas Hardy was a well-known British writer. He went to village school when he is 8 years old and apprenticed himself to an architect at 16. He dreamed to be a priest, so he went to London to study architect, literature, theology and philosophy and self-study Greek and many theological works. Backing to hometown at his 27, specialized in writing after a few years of an architect. As a literator who lived at the turn of the century, he witnessed the darkness of the society, so all his novels were set against the bleak and forbidding society. Jude The Obscure was one of the representative novels.

In Jude The Obscure Hardy criticizes the hypocrisy of religion and capitalism, and objectively exposed the fact that talented but poor people can’t find the way to progress, and ordinary woman yearning for freedom always setbacks at the time of the system. From this novel, it’s clear to see that the world is more difficult, and happiness is occasional while suffering is constant. This embodies Hardy’s fatalism. Hardy believes in God piously in his teenage, but witness that God is indifferent to the suffering of the world, he pines all his hopes to save mankind on future and mankind themselves(Johnson,1991). Because he profoundly exposes the reality, he is criticized by bourgeous critics. His masterpiece Jude The Obscure even touches the sore point of the bourgeous, vicious criticize and slander even force him to gives up writing fiction and turns to poetry（Light & Mevarech,1992）.

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to this novel, it is very heated discussed among researchers especially young people, because the problems it reflects are very real and serious. The research interests of scholars from home and oversea are also increased, for example, American scholar Altick Richard D, Dale Kramer, Chinese scholars ChangYaoxin (2004), Jiang Chengyong (2006) have analyzed it in detail.

2. Social reasons of Jude’s tragedy

2.1 Unreasonable educational system

Hardy has ever said that this novel is a description of a poor man to fight for college at first. (ommited)

Deserted by Araballa, Jude comes to Christminster and puts all his efforts to study again. He places himself in such positions about the city as would afford him glimpses of the most distinguished among the provosts, wardens, and other heads of houses...(omitted)

Jude begins to criticize himself and wishes that they had not been sent when the 1

letters are posted, he finds himself clinging to the hope of receiving reply. But the academic distinguished people to whom Jude has written have no answer. One day, a reply comes. One of the colleges’ heads advices him that “I venture to think that you will have a much better chance of success in life by remaining in your own sphere and sticking to your trade than by adopting any other course” (Wang Shouren & Wang Wenyu, 2006:37). This advice seems reasonable but really makes Jude flies into a rage. “I have understanding as well as you；I am not inferior to you, who know such things as these?” He says furiously (Hardy, 1845：69).

2.2 Unreasonable marriage system

Victorian attitudes to social morality is very strict. The theme of Jude The Obscure is love,...(omitted).

2.3 Religion reason

Victorian is a time of prosperous, of contradictions, of controversial and experienced belief crisis. At the end of Victorian, the statue of orthodox beliefs and ideals fell into decline. (omitted)

3. Four different people’s and another persons’ influences on Jude’s tragedy

In Jude The Obscure the author puts all forth efforts to shape the tragic image of the hero, Jude. Apart from the passage of the incidents to heighten the tragic fate of Jude, the author discusses two other aspects: one is through the cause and marriage path what Jude pursues to hint the Jude’s tragedy, the other is by portraying the four characters in different aspects to enhance the tragic fate of Jude.（omitted）

3.1 By Araballa

Araballa, a sex animal, is all flesh and desire whereas Sue, at the other end of the spectrum, is all intellect, frigidity, and essentially bodiless. (0mitted)

3.1.1 Araballa’s view of tragedy

Jude begins to criticize himself and wishes that they had not been sent when the letters are posted, he finds himself clinging to the hope of receiving reply. But the academic distinguished people to whom Jude has written have no answer.

4. Unhealthy personality in Jude’s tragedy

Jude is an ambitious young man. Influenced by time his university dream and marriage for natural love are doomed to failed (/cptoday). However, the weakest and the most miserable quality wad that he gives up his life when realizing that he was unsuccessful in career and marital life. It can be concluded that Jude is a tragic man, resulted in his pessimistic view on life.(0mitted)

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5. Conclusion

Thomas Hardy is a master in tragedy artistic field. His talent in tragedy novel is given full play in Jude the Obscure, which should be taken as his most representative masterpiece. Even though being far away from Hardy’s time, readers could still sense charming strength of his own feelings, which mingle old Greek tragic spirit with modern new tragic materials.(Omitted)

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Bibliography

[1] Johnson D. 1990. Verbal behavior [M]. New York：Newbury House. (英文著作，单一作者)

[2] Light P. & Mevarech Z.R. 1992. Literary studies in the eighteenth century

[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.（英文著作，两位作者）

[3] Skinner B.F., Johnson R.T. & Smith K.A. 1991. Cooperative learning studies in American schools [M].Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. (英文著作，三位作者)

[4] Slavin R.E. 1977. A student team approach to teaching with special emotional and behavioral needs [J]. Psychology in the school, 4(1):77-84. （英文期刊，单一作者）

[5] Torder C. & Skinner B.F. 2007. Literary studies [J]. Applied Linguistics, 19(4):192-222. （英文期刊，两位作者）

[6] Wight P.H., Light P. & Mevarech Z.R. 1992. Feedback in the writing process [J]. ELT Journal, 6:63-67. （英文期刊,三位作者）

[7] Chang Yaoxin 常耀信.2004.漫话英美文学[M].天津:南开大学出版社. （汉语著作，单一作者）

[8] Jiang Chengyong & Li Qingsheng 蒋承勇，李庆生.2006.英国小说发展史[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社. （汉语著作，两位作者）

[9] Wang Shouren,Wang Wenyu & Ye Zinan 王守仁，王文宇，叶子楠.2006.悲剧的色彩分析[J].外国文学评论，5: 34-45. (汉语期刊，三位作者)

[10] Qiu Ping 邱平.1999.模糊语词的语用功能与会话原则[J].福州大学学报（社会科学版）,1:16-23. (汉语期刊，单一作者）

[11] /cptoday（网上文献）

[12] Xia Xiaojuan 夏小娟.论悲剧的元素[OL]. （网上文献）

文献类型标识如下：

M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D——学位论文，R——报告，S——标准，P——专利，DB——数据库，EB——电子公告，OL——网络；A——论文集里的文章

对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。

特别提醒：英文文献排在前面，并按人名的姓氏首字母的顺序排列，汉语文献排在其后，按姓氏拼音的首字母顺序排列。网络文献排在最后。 报纸和论文集文献按下面格式排列：

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[] Li Lun李伦.1998.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报, 12-27(3).

[] Bierwisch M. & Schreuder R. 1993. From concepts to lexical terms [A]. In levelt W (ed). Lexical Acess in Speech Production[C]. Oxford: Blackwell.

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