专八人文知识复习：美国地理概况

本文针对英语专业八级考试的人文知识部分，总结了美国国家的主要地理概况，希望对同学们有所帮助。

The Fall Line瀑布线：A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one.

瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。

The Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亚山脉：1200 miles long，consists of the Piedmont Plateau, Appalachian Plateaus and Appalachian Range.

阿巴拉契亚山脉全场1200英里，由皮德蒙特高原、阿巴拉契亚高原及阿巴拉契亚山脉组成。

The Cordillera Range科迪勒拉山脉：Composed of the Coast Range, the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains.

科迪勒拉山脉由海岸山脉、卡斯卡德山以及洛基山组成。

The Great Basin大盆地：The Part between the Colorado and Columbia Plateaus.

指的是科罗拉多和哥伦比亚高地之间的部分。

The Great Central Plain中部大平原：The land mass between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.

指的是洛基山和阿巴拉伊亚山之间的平原。

The Great Plain大平原：The western part of the central plain.

大平原：指的是中部平原以西的部分。

The Mississippi River密西西比河：The longest, the most important river in the U.S.A. . It has a drainage area of 3225000 square kilometers.

密西西比河是美国最长、最重要的河流。它的流域面积达3225000平方公里。

The Five Great Lakes北美五大湖：Lake Michigan, Superior, Erie, Huron and Ontario.

北美五太湖指的是密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、休伦湖以及安大略湖。

The Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布：Famous falls in North America, 1240 meters wide, the drop averages 49 meters.

尼亚加拉瀑布是北美最著名的瀑布，有1240米宽，平均落差为49米。

Yellow stone National Park黄石国家公园：Located in the northern part of Wyoming. It is the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A.

黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州的北部地区。是世界上最古老的国家公园，是美国最大的野生保护区。

Grand Canyon大峡谷：In northern Arizona, one of the great natural wonders of the world. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and more than a mile deep. Its walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth.

大峡谷在亚利桑那州的北部，是世界上最伟大的自然奇迹之一。它约有277英里长，18英里宽，约1英里深。它的墙壁断层记录了地球形成的过程。

Old Faithful老忠实喷泉：The most famous gayer in Yellowstone National Park, erupting more than l00 feet in the air about every 73 minutes.

老忠实喷泉是黄石国家公园最著名的喷泉，每73分钟向空中喷水100英尺多高。 Chinatown唐人街：An area in a city where many Chinese people live and where are Chinese shops, restaurants, clubs; two, important Chinatowns: New York City and San Francisco.

唐人街是许多中国人生活、居住的地区，那里有许多中国店铺、饭店、夜总会。两条最重要的唐人街分别在纽约和旧金山。

Indian Reservation印第安保留地：It refers to the barren desert regions where only Indians live exclusively.

印第安保留地指的是专门给印第安人居住的贫瘠的沙漠地区。

New England新英格兰：It consists of six states: Maine, New Hampshire,

Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. This region is featured with mountains, valleys, rivers.

新英格兰由六个州组成：缅因州、新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州、马萨诸塞州、罗德岛州以及康涅狄格。这个地区主要以多山、多山谷、河流为特征。

The Mountain States山地诸州：Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.

山地诸州指的是蒙大拿州、怀俄明州、科罗拉多州以及新墨西哥州。

The Pacific Coast States太平洋沿岸诸州：Washington, Oregon and California.

太平洋沿岸诸州包括华盛顿州、俄勒冈州以及加利弗尼亚州。

Mount McKinley 麦金利山：6187 meters high, on the middle of the Alaska, the highest peak on this continent.

麦金利山高达6187米。在阿拉斯加的中部。是这片大陆上最高的山峰。

Pearl Harbor 珍珠港：The base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A. near the city of Honolulu in Hawaii.

珍珠港是美国太平洋舰队的基地，在夏威夷的火奴鲁鲁市附近。

第二篇：专业八级人文知识题20xx—20xx年真题及答案

20xx年英语专八人文知识真题答案

31. The Presidents during the American Civil War was .

A. Andrew Jackson B. Abraham Lincoln

C. Thomas Jefferson D. George Washington

32. The capital of New Zealand is .

A. Christchurch B. Auckland C. Wellington D. Hamilton

33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?

A. The Aborigines B. The Maori C. The Indians D. The Eskimos

34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of .

A. the Shadow Cabinet B. the Parliament

C. the Opposition D. the Cabinet

35. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?

A. T.S.Eliot B. D.H.Lawrence C. Theodore Dreiser D. James Joyce

36. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by

A. Scott Fitzgerald B. William Faulkner

C. Eugene O'Neil D. Ernest Hemingway

37. _____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines

A. Free verse B. Sonnet C. Ode D. Epigram

38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of

A. reference B. meaning C. antonymy D. context

39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of

A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonyms

C. emotive synonyms D. collocational synonyms

40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by

A. Holliday B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Saussure

20xx年英语专八人文知识真题及答案

31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT

A. the Anglos

B. the Celts

C. the Jutes √

D. the Saxons

32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by

A. the Monarch

B. the President

C. the Prime Minister

D. the Governor-general √

33. The Declaration of Independence was written by

A. Thomas Jefferson √

B. George Washington

C. Alexander Hamilton

D. James Madison

34. The original inhabitants of Australia were

A. the Red Indians

B. the Eskimos

C. the Aborigines √

D. the Maoris

35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?

A. Oliver Twist

B. Middlemarch

C. Jane Eyre

D. Wuthering Heights √

36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.

A. American

B. Canadian

C. Irish √

D. Australian

37. Death of a Salesman was written by

A. Arthur Miller √

B. Ernest Hemingway

C. Ralph Ellison

D. James Baldwin

38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.

A. Phonology

B. Morphology √

C. Semantics

D. Sociolinguistics

39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT

A. lexical

B. syntactic

C. phonological

D. psycholinguistic √

40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of

A. widening of meaning √

B. narrowing of meaning

C. meaning shift

D. loss of meaning

20xx年英语专业八级考试人文知识测试及答案

31. The largest city in Canada is

A. Vancouver.

B. Montreal.

C. Toronto

D. Ottawa.

32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in

A. the Federal Government.

B. the Supreme Court.

C. the Cabinet.

D. the Congress.

33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?

A. Baseball.

B. Tennis.

C. Basketball.

D. American football.

34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is

A. the President.

B. the Governor-General.

C. the British monarch,

D. the Prime Minister.

35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by

A. William Langland.

B. Geoffrey Chaucer.

C. William Shakespeare.

D. Alfred Tennyson.

36. Who wrote The American?

A. Herman Melville.

B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.

C. Henry James.

D. Theodore Dreiser.

37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPT

A. George Eliot.

B. Iris Jean Murdoch.

C. Doris Lessing.

D. Muriel Spark.

38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness.

B. Displacement.

C. Duality.

D. Diachronicity.

39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?

A. A simple sentence.

B. A coordinate sentence.

C. A complex sentence.

D. None of the above.

40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called

A. hyponymy.

B. synonymy.

C. polysemy.

D. homonymy.

31 选C加拿大最大的城市是TORONTO

32 选 D立法权是国会THE

33 选 A 棒球：一切都始于棒球 美国的体育文化脱胎于棒球,一直以来,棒球就一直是文人们的最爱。作为最古老的美式运动,棒球的形态一直保存完整,历史学家们视之为宝物 34 新西兰的最高长官是 B governor general 总督

35选B THE CANTERBURY TALES 是GEORFFERY CHAUCER 写的

36 选 C THE AMERICAN 是谁写的 Henrry James

37 选A 不是20世纪英国 女作家那题 选A 其他都是20世纪著名的女性作家

乔治.艾略特(George Eliot)原名玛丽·安·埃文斯Mary Ann Evans，1819年11月22日-1880年12月22日，英国小说家，与狄更斯和萨克雷齐名。其主要作品有《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》The Mill on the Floss，《米德尔马契》等。

38 选D 历时性(diachronicity) 这个不是语言学的特性

39选 B 并列句 but连接的两个分句

40选D homonymy指的是语汇中一对对或是一组组的单词，虽然意思不同，但是发音相同，或拼写相同，又或者是发音和拼写都相同。这些一对对一组组的单词我们称之为homonym(同形同音异义词、同形异义词、同音异义词)。

2009专八人文知识测试及答案

31. The Head of State of New Zealand is

A. the governor-general.

B. the Prime Minister.

C. the high commissioner.

D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.

32. The capital of Scotland is

A. Glasgow.

B. Edinburgh.

C. Manchester.

D. London.

33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?

A. Thomas Jefferson.

B. George Washington.

C. Thomas Paine.

D. John Adams.

34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?

A. Perth.

B. Adelaide.

C. Sydney.

D. Melbourne.

35. Ode to the West Windwas written by

A. William Blake.

B. William Wordsworth.

C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

D. Percy B. Shelley.

36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?

A. Ralph Waldo Emerson.

B. Walt Whitman.

C. Herman Melville

D. Theodore Dreiser.

37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by

A. Thomas Hardy.

B. John Galsworthy.

C. D.H. Lawrence.

D. James Joyce.

38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is

A. corpus linguistics.

B. sociolinguistics.

C. theoretical linguistics.

D. psycholinguistics.

39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called

A. dialect.

B. idiolect.

C. pidgin.

D. register.

40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the

window, he is performing

A. an illocutionary act.

B. a perlocutionary act.

C. a locutionary act.

D. none of the above.

31、（D） the monarch of the United Kingdom

32、（B） Edinburgh.

33、（A）Thomas Jefferson.

34、（C）Sydney

35、（D）Percy B. Shelley

36、（B）Walt Whitman.

37、（C）D.H. Lawrence.

38、（D）psycholinguistics.

39、（C）pidgin.

40、（A）an illocutionary act.

20xx年英语专八人文知识真题答案

31. Which of the following is INCORRECT

A. The British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215

B. The British Constitution includes Parliamentary acts

C. The British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of law

答案D：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution

32. The first city ever founded in Canada is

A. Quebec B. Vancouver C. Toronto D. Montreal

答案A：Quebec

33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?

A. B. 1788C. 1900D. 1901

答案D：1901

34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by

A. Abraham Lincoln B. Thomas Paine C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson 答案A：Abraham Lincoln

35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?

A. Will Blake B. W.B.Yeats C. Robert Browning D. William Wordsworth

答案C：Robert Browning

36. The Financier was written by

A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C.

答案D：Theodore Dreiser

37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as

A. allegory B. sonnet C. blank verse D. rhyme

答案A：Allegory

38.____ refers to the learning and development of a language

A. language acquisition B. language comprehension C. language production D. language introduction

答案A：language acquisition

39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “?” in morphology.

A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym

答案C：blending

40．Language is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” serves

A. B.C. a performative function D. a persuasive function

答案B： informative function

2011专八人文知识真题参考答案

31. B)英国最北部：Scotland；

32. D)第一个到澳洲的人：Dutch；

33. A)枫叶之国：Canada；

34. B)The Common Sense的作者：Thomas Paine

35. D)Virginia Woolf：Novelist；

36. C)历史叙事诗：Epic

37. A)探讨20世纪American Myth的文学作品：The Great Gatsby

38. C探讨语言和思维的学科：Cognitive Lingusitics

39. A)元音和辅音的区别：Obstruction of the air stream;

40. C)推动多种语言使用：Multilingualism