美国概况
练习题：
1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.
2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.
3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.
4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.
5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.
6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____. 7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.
8 Most college students in the United States are in____institutions.
9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are___________________________________________________________________________.
10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.
练习题答案及题解:
1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。 3 .Non-hispanics white， 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。
4 .African Americans， 20xx年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。20xx年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。
5 .America， 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。
6. World War II， 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。
7. Six years， 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。
8. Public， 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。
9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court.
10 .Louisana， 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。
美国概况
练习题：
1 Of the fifty states of America, _____states now have the death penalty as punishment. 2 The four major regions of the United Sates are________________________________. 3 ______ region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.
4 ______is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.
5＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for_____
6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_____.
7 The north-eastern part of the United States DDNew England enjoys a _____climate.
8 To the west of mainland American lies the _____ Ocean.
9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_____.
10 The natives of the continent of the America are the_____.
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练习题答案及题解:
1． 38, 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。
2 ．Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。
3． The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区， 也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。 4 ．California，加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。
5 ．American films，好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。
6． the Mississippi River，美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。
7 ．typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。 8 ．Pacific Ocean， 美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。
9 ．automobile industry， 底特律是美国著名的汽车城。
10 ．Indians， 美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。
美国概况
练习题：
1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A ．Washington D.C B ．Los Angeles C． San Francisco D ．New York City
2． _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.
A． Blacks B ．Hispanics C． Indians D． Asian Americans 3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.
A． the U.S. President George Washington
B ．Christopher Columbus
C ．both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D ．none of them
4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language.
A． varieties B． elements C． parts D． form
5． The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.
A ．Thomas Jefferson B． James Monroe C． James Madison D ．Abraham Lincoln
6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.
A． Rhode Island B ．Virginia C． Texas D ．Montana
7． The national flag of the United States is known as_____.
A． the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack
8． The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.
A ．contribution a state has made to the nation
B． population
C． size
D． none of the above
9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.
A． the Amazon River B． the Mississippi River C． the Nile River D． the Hudson River 10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.
A． France B． Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain 2
练习题答案及题解:
1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
2． A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。
3 ．C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治?华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂?哥伦布。
4． A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。
5． D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕?林肯。
6． A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。
7 ．A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。
8． B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。
9 ．B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。
10． A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。
美国概况 练习题：
1. Ernest Hemingway is _____.
A. Englishman B. American C.Dutch D. Denmark
2 .John Fitzgerald Kennedy is _____ president.
A. 35th B. 34th C. 33rd D. 32nd
3. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women , Mount Holyoke Female Seminary , opened in _____ to serve the “ Muslim sex”.
A. New England B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. New York
4. The capital of Massachusetts is _____.
A .Providence B. Boston C. Montpelier D. Augusta
5 ._____ is the dividing line between the South and North.
A .The Hudson River B. The Potomac River
C. The Ohio River D. The Missouri River
6 ._____ is Washington’s largest city.
A .Boise B. Denver C. Tacoma D .Seattle
7. Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the _____River banks.
A .St. Lawrence B. Hudson C. Potomac D. Missouri
8. When did the American Civil War break out?
A. 1775 B. 1812 C. 1861 D. 1863
9 .Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?
A .John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. Benjamin Franklin D. John Hancock
10. In which day is Halloween celebrated?
A .5 November B. 31 October C .17 March D. 25 December 练习题答案及题解:
1. B,文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。
2 .A,肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统。
3. C,美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州。
4 .B,麻省的首府是波士顿。
5. D,美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。
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6 .D,华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图。
7. C,华盛顿特区位于波托马克河上。
8. C,美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年。
9 .B,为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯?杰弗逊。
10 .B,万圣节前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31号
英国概况
练习题：
1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century. 2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
C Civil Law D Bill of Rights
5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill
8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election
10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
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4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
5 A, 直到19xx年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，19xx年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命
英国概况
练习题：
1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?
A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651
2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?
A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major
3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament
C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House
4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest
6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.
A political B educational C military D economic
7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition
8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.
A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding
9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.
A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution
C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。
2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。
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3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。
6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。
10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度
英国概况
练习题：
1 _____ is the key to Industrial Revolution.
A Iron B Cotton Textile C Coal mining D Steam engine
2 _____ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.
A Criticism B Modernism C Romanticism D Renaissance
3 Modern football game began in _____.
A China B France C England D Germany
4 _____ is the leader of the British government.
A Prime Minister B Queen C President D Governor
5 The second largest city in England, _____ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.
A Edinburgh B Belfast C Glasgow D Birmingham
6 _____ introduced Christianity into Britain.
A The Celts B The Romans C The Viking Danes D The French
7 The real power of the British government lies in _____.
A the House of Commons
B the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister
C the Prime Minister
D the Queen
8 In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _____ to _____.
A 5, 14 B 6, 17 C 5, 16 D 6, 14
9 The longest river in Britain is _____ , and the largest river in the USA is _____.
A the Seven River; the Missouri River
B the Thames River; the Missouri River
C the Severn River; the Mississippi
D the Thames River; the Ohio River
10 The general election in Britain is held every ____ years.
A four B three C six D five
练习题答案及题解:
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1 B, 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。
2 C, 工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。
3 C, 现代的足球运动起源于英国。 其正宗的老家在英格兰，19世纪兴起。
4 A, 英国的政体是君主立宪制。 国王（女王）是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。
5 D, 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是国际化大都市，也是英国的工业和制造业中心。 6 B, 公元43年，罗马人占领英国，其后统治了400多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗马人传入英国的。 7 B, 君主立宪制下，国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，而实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相率领。 8 C, 英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是5-16岁，这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低年限。
9 C, 英国最长的河是塞文河，全长355公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河， 长4000公里左右。 10 D, 英国大选每5年举行一次
英国概况
1.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain?
A Roman B Anglo-Saxons C Jutes D Celts
2.The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France was fought ____.
A from 1327 to 1453 B from 1337 to 1453
C from 1347 to 1453 C from 1357 to 1453
3.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year ____
A 1918 B 1920 C 1945 D 1949
4.The English Civil War is also called ____
A the Puritan Revolution B the second Magna Carta C the Long Parliament D the Anglican War
5.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the ____ and the North Sea in the east,
A east B south C west D north
6.The largest lake in Britain is ____.
A. Loch Lomond B the Lough Neagh C Windermere D Ullswater
7.Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?
A In the Highlands B In the central Lowlands C In the Uplands D In the west of Scotland
8.In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.
A 2% B 3% C 4% D 5%
9.The two important crops in Britain are ____
A barley and corn B wheat and rice C barley and oats D wheat and barley
10.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ____
A can legally receive partly free education
B can legally receive completely free education
C can not receive free education at all
D can not receive free education if their parents are rich
答案
1.D 凯尔特在公元前700年到英国，罗马人在公元1到5世纪统治英国，5世纪中期盎格鲁撒克逊人侵占英国，因此凯尔特人是最早踏入英国的。
2.B 英法百年战争爆发于1337年到1453年间，中间还发生了黑死病。
3.D 爱尔兰共和国在19xx年独立。
4.A 英国内战于1642年到1646年间发生，国王查尔斯与议会发生争执，实际上是国王与清教徒之间的矛盾引起的，结果议会胜利。
5.B 英国南面与法国隔着英吉利海峡。
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6.B 英国最大的湖是内伊湖，最长的河流是塞文河。
7.B 苏格兰中低部适合人类生存，是苏格兰工业和人高度集中的地区。
8.A 由于英国农作业时的高度机械化，只需利用全国2%的人口来耕作大面积农地。
9.D 小麦和大麦是英国最重要的庄稼。
10.B 英国的义务教育是从5岁到16岁，所以期间的教育全部免费
练习题：
1 Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?
A The Telegraph B The Guardian C The News of the World D The Times
2 The river Thames is in _____.
A Wales B Scotland C England D Northern Ireland
3 The Industrial Revolution started in _____.
A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Austrilia
4 Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration?
A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.
B Public housing became more important.
C Many public houses were sold to people.
D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.
5 Britain has its nuclear naval force since _____.
A it’s one of the developed countries in the world
B it’s a traditional sea power
C it has an advanced industry
D it’s able to produce submarines
6 Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?
A The Times B The Guardian C The Observer D The Financial Times
7 Big Ben was named after _____.
A Christopher Wren B Benjamin Hall C Ben John D G. Stephenson
8 The Capital of Wales is _____.
A Swansea B Cardiff C Rhonda D Belfast
9 _____ is England’s biggest naval base.
A Portsmouth B Southampton C Plymouth D Dover
10 There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____.
A the Liberal Party B the Democratic Party
C the Labour Party D the Republican Party
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 英国历史上最悠久的日报是《泰晤士报》。
2 C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。
3 A, 工业革命最早从英国开始。
4 C, 19xx年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。
5 B, 英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。
6 C, 《观察家报》创刊于1791年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。
7 B, 据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。
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8 B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。
9 A, 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。
10 C, 英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党 美国文学
1.The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____
A Jack London B Charles Dickens C Samuel Coleridge D Ernest Hemingway
2.In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?
A John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress
B Edmund Spencer's The Faerie Queen
C Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels
D Henry Fielding's Tom Jones
3.The Catcher in the Rye is written by ____
A J.D. Salinger B Jack London C Flannery O'Connor D Saul Bellow
4.The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by____
A Washington Irving B Fennimore Cooper C Edith Wharton D William Dean Howells
5.The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ____
A O'Neil B Pound C Robert Frost DScott Fitzgerald
6.____ is the most important person of the transcendental club.
A Hawthorn B Whitman C Emerson D Hemingway
7. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____
A fridendship B love and marriage C life and death D war and peace
8.Robert Frost is a famous ____
A novelist B playwright C poet D literary critic
9.Dover Beach is written by ____
A Robert Browning B Alfred Tennyson C Mathew Arnold D Dylan Thomas
10.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.
A Age of Realism B Age of Clasicalism C Age of Romanticism D Age of Renaissance
答案
1.D 《老人与海》是海明威的作品。
2.C Jonathan Swift的Gulliver's Travels（《格列弗游记》）中yahoo暗指人类，集人类丑陋面于一身，服务于动物的一类生物。
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3.A The Catcher in the Rye（《麦田里的守望者》）是J.D. Salinger（J.D. 赛琳格）的名著。
4.A henpecked husband 是指“怕老婆的男人”，改典型形象出自Washington Irving 的Rip Van Winkle。
5.D 二十世纪出现Jazz Age，这一代的年轻人物欲膨胀，沉迷酒色。Scott Fitzgerald的 Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》根据时代特征，对深深讽刺了所谓的美国梦。
6.C Emerson是超验主义的重要代表，所著Nature《论自然》代表了他的哲学观。
7.D Emily Dickinson（1709-1784），美国女诗人，终生未嫁。主要诗歌包括：I Could Not Sto for Death还有，I'm Nobody. Who Are You?
诗歌主题为：爱情，自然，友谊，死亡与不朽。
8.C Robert Frost是十九世纪的美国诗人，后因父亲过世已经英国，在新英格兰享有很高名望。主要作品有：The Road Not Taken，Mending Wall。
9.C Dover Beach（《多弗的海滩》）是Mathew Arnold 的作品。
10.A 1865-1914，也就是美国内战结束之后，第一次世界大战爆发之前。这个时候涌现的作家，比如Mark Twain刻画出美国经济政治发展引发的社会现实问题，包括“Gold Rush”。
练习题：
1 The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are _____.
A London and Cambridge
B London and heart of England
C Manchester and Birmingham
D Edinburgh and Nottingham
2 The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses.
A one B two C three D four
3 Which flower is symbol of England?
A Thistle B Shamrock C Daffodil D Rose
4 _____ was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain.
A Lough Neagh B Windermere C Lake District D Coniston Water
5 The first known settlers of Britain were the _____.
A Iberians B Beaker Folk C Celts D Anglo-Saxons
6 Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?
A Emperor Claudius B King Alfred C King Ethelred D Julius Caesar
7 Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain?
A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.
B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries
C The Romans didn’t like the Britons.
D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.
8 The Hundred Years’ war with France ended by the English being driven out of France. By 1453 _____ was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.
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A Dover B Calais C Southampton D Portsmouth
9 Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism?
A The Wars of the Roses B The Hundred Years’ War
C The English Civil War D World War I
10 The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution , is generally regarded as the beginning of modern ____ history.
A European B Scottish C Welsh D world
练习题答案及题解:
1 B, 现在，英国移民主要集中在伦敦及英格兰心脏地带的一些城市和城镇，诸如 Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford 和Reading等等。
2 C, 英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三个十字组成。
3 D, A，蓟是苏格兰的象征，用作苏格兰的国徽；B，三叶苜蓿花为爱尔兰的国花；C，黄水仙花是威尔士的国花；D，玫瑰则是英格兰的国花。
4 C, 位于英格兰西北部和威尔士北部的湖区是英国著名的风景区之一，也是英国十九世纪湖畔诗人聚居的地方。
5 A, 最早来英国定居的是伊比利亚人。大约在公元前3000年左右，也就是新石器时代，他们从伊比利亚半岛（即今天的西班牙）来到英国。
6 D, 英国的历史是从罗马人的入侵开始的。恺撒，这位伟大的罗马将军，在公元前55年第一次带兵入侵并征服了英国。
7 C, 尽管罗马人征服了英国，但是罗马文化对英国的影响十分有限。这主要是因为：罗马人一直把英国人看作是社会地位相当于奴隶的被降伏的民族；在长达四个世纪的时间里从来没有罗马人跟英国人通婚；罗马人对英国平民阶层的语言和文化没有任何影响。
8 B, 英法之间的百年战争以英国人被赶出法国而告终。到1453年战争结束时，只有法国北部的加莱港还在英国人手里。
9 A, 尽管玫瑰战争持续了30年，但对老百姓的生活几乎没什么影响，反倒使英国的封建主义受到致命打击，贵族阶层受到了削弱。
10 D, 英国内战也叫“清教徒革命”，这是因为反对国王的人大部分是那些清教徒。英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制度，也动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。所以，从这个角度讲，英国内战通常被看作现代世界史的开端。
美国概况
练习题：
1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A Washington D.C. B Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City
2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.
A Blacks B Hispanics C Indians D Asian Americans
3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.
A the U.S. President George Washington
B Christopher Columbus
C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D none of them
4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.
A varieties B elements C parts D form
5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.
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A Thomas Jefferson B James Monroe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln
6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.
A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana
7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.
A the Star-Spangled Banner B Uncle Sam C Hot Dog D Union Jack
8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.
A contribution a state has made to the nation
B population
C size
D none of the above
9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.
A the Amazon River B the Mississippi River C the Nile River D the Hudson River
10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.
A France B Spain C Italy D Britain
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
2 A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。
3 C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治?华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂?哥伦布。
4 A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。
5 D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕?林肯。
6 A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。
7 A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。
8 B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。
9 B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。
10 A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。
美国概况
练习题：
1 Ernest Hemingway is _____.
A Englishman B American C Dutch D Denmark
2 John Fitzgerald Kennedy is _____ president.
A 35th B 34th C 33rd D 32nd
3 In 1837, the first college-level institution for women , Mount Holyoke Female Seminary , opened in _____ to serve the “ Muslim sex”.
A New England B Virginia C Massachusetts D New York
4 The capital of Massachusetts is _____.
A Providence B Boston C Montpelier D Augusta
5 _____ is the dividing line between the South and North.
A The Hudson River B The Potomac River
C The Ohio River D The Missouri River
6 _____ is Washington’s largest city.
A Boise B Denver C Tacoma D Seattle
7 Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the _____River banks.
A St. Lawrence B Hudson C Potomac D Missouri
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8 When did the American Civil War break out?
A 1775 B 1812 C 1861 D 1863
9 Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?
A John Adams B Thomas Jefferson C Benjamin Franklin D John Hancock
10 In which day is Halloween celebrated?
A 5 November B 31 October C 17 March D 25 December
练习题答案及题解:
1 B,文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。
2 A,肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统。
3 C,美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州。
4 B,麻省的首府是波士顿。
5 D,美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。
6 D,华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图。
7 C,华盛顿特区位于波托马克河上。
8 C,美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年。
9 B,为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯?杰弗逊。
10 B,万圣节前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31号
美国概况
练习题：
1 The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____.
A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson
C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin
2 The New Deal was started by _____.
A Franklin Roosevelt B J.K. Kennedy
C George Washington D Thomas Jefferson
3 The United States was rated _____ in the world in terms of land areas.
A second B third C fourth D fifth
4 The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _____.
A Teachers B students C headmaster D boards of education
5 The Bill of Rights consists of _____.
A 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment
B 10 amendments adopted in 1787
C 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791
D the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion
6 The United States produces as much as much as half of the world’s _____.
A wheat and rice B cotton C tobacco D soybeans and corn
7 Which invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”?
A Newspaper B Telegraph C Laundry machine D Television
8 The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from _____.
A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson
C John Adams D John Locke
9 The District of Manhattan is in the city if _____.
A Washington D.C. B San Francisco C New York D Chicago
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10 The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_____.
A according to their population
B according to their size
C according to their tax paid to federal government
D equally
练习题答案及题解
1 C, 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、而William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。 2 A, 新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的。
3 C, 就面积而言， 美国是世界第四大国。
4 D, 对此有决定权的是教育委员会。
5 C, 人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案。
6 D, 美国出产占世界一半的是大豆和玉米。
7 D, 开创人类视觉信息革命的重大发明是电视机。
8 D, 美国的许多政治观念都是来源于英国著名哲学家约翰?洛克。
9 C, 曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区， 也是纽约的中心地带。
10 D, 美国每一个州在参议院中均有两位议员作为代表，与各州人口无关和众议院不同）。
美国概况
练习题：
1 The Rocky Mountains is located in _____.
A Great Britain B Australia C South Africa D North America
2 Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city?
A Los Angles B Chicago C New York D Washington
3 Which of the following is an American newspaper?
A The Guardian B Newsweek
C The International Herald Tribune D The Daily Telegraph
4 The U.S. is called a “melting pot” because _____.
A its steel industry is highly developed
B it has great influence on the world
C it is an important economic center of the world
D people from different races live there together
5 The first Puritans came to America on the ship _____.
A Codpeed B Susan Constant C May Flower D Discovery
6 Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those who have _____.
A given their lives for their country
B made great scientific discoveries
C won American great reputation in sports
D donated large amounts of money to the country
7 “Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated _____.
A New Year’s Day B Veteran’s Day C Halloween D Christmas
8 The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associated with Easter, are considered to present _____.
A vigor and bravery B fertility and new life
C originality and speed D happiness and fun
9 Which of the following books is not written by Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Cle 14
mens?
A The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
B The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
C Life on the Mississippi
D Leaves of grass
10 Which of the following books is written by Washington Irving?
A Nature B The Scarlet Letter C The Sketch Book D Farewell to Arms
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 落基山脉位于美国西北部， 向东南延伸。
2 A, 好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶。
3 B, 《新闻周刊》是美国的报纸， 而《国际先驱论坛》是法国的， 《卫报》和《每日电讯》为英国的。 4 D, 美国被称之为“大熔炉”是因为来自世界各地的人们所带来的各自的文化在此交融形成独特的多元文化特征。
5 C, 首批清教徒到美国时乘坐的船是“五月花号”。
6 A, Memorial Day 是美国的阵亡将士纪念日。
7 C, 万圣节是美国的传统节日。万圣节前夜， 孩子们带着各种面具， 穿着奇异的衣服，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着：“Trick or Treat”，向大人们讨要糖果。不给的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧。
8 B, 复活节彩蛋和兔子是“多产和新生”的象征。
9 D, Leaves if grass 是 Walt Whitman 的作品。
10 C, Washington Irving 被称作是美国文学之父， 这是他最有名的作品。A 是 Ralph W. Emerson 的作品, B 是 Nathaniel Hawthorne 的作品, D 是 Earnest Hemingway 的作品
美国概况
练习题：
1 The world-famous Havard University is in _____.
A Massachusetts B New York C Washington D.C. D Maine
2 Which of the following statements about American education is wrong?
A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory
B Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals.
C There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones
D Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelor’s degree.
3 _____ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.
A Broadway B Wall Street C The Fifth Avenue D Times Square
4 ____ is not a tourist attraction in the United States.
A Yellowstone National Park B Grand Canyon
C St. Patrick’s Cathedral D Stonehenge
5 ____ was an actor before he became the President.
A Ronald Reagan B Abraham Lincoln C Herbert Hoover D Jimmy Carter
6 New Englanders were originally known as _____, which come to stand for all Americans.
A Hippies B Yankees C Uncle Sam D Brother Jonathan
7 On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _____, which housed the government then.
A New York B Washington D.C. C Philadelphia D Boston
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8 Which of the following people was not an American President?
A John Hancock B John Adams C John Q. Adams D Jimmy Carter
9 Henry Fond was the first man to _____.
A design a plane B fly an aeroplane C mass-produciton D design and make a car
10 “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, … ”were the words by _____.
A Thomas Jefferson B Abraham Lincoln C Andrew Johnson D Theodore Roosevelt
练习题答案及题解:
1 A, 哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。
2 C, 在美国， 私立高等教育机构要多于公立的。象麻省理工， 耶鲁大学， 哈佛大学都是私立的。
3 A, 百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道， 其中心地带是在第42借“时代广场”附近， 周围云集了几十家剧院， 上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。
4 D, Stonehenge 在英国， 是古代城池的遗迹。
5 A, 里根从政前曾经在好莱坞闯荡20多年，参与演出了50多部电影。
6 B, Yankees 一词具有丰富的含义。 现在用于代表美国人，俗称美国佬。 在美国南部，Yankee是指美国北部各州的居民， 即北方佬；而对多数美国人来说，Yankee 意味着新英格兰人。
7 A, 1789年George Washington 在纽约宣誓就职， 1790年首都迁往费城。 1800年以后定都华盛顿。 8 A, John Hancock，因其当时在《独立宣言》上的签名很大，他的名字在美语里变成了签名的代名词。 9 C, Henry Ford 早期是一名技师， 虽然没有发明汽车， 但他是第一位批量生产汽车的人。
10 B, 这是Abraham Lincoln 于1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士墓举行落成仪式上发表的著名的《葛底斯堡演说》的片语 英国文学
1.____refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.
A Allegory B Conflict C Irony D Flashback
2.___was recognized as the greatest poet of Victorian England.
A Tennyson B Robert Browning C Mrs.Browning D Robert Burns
3.James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT____
A Dubliners B A Potrait of the Artist as a Young Man
C Jude the Obscure D Ulysses
4.Which of the follwing poets is different from the others?
A John Donne B John Keats C Lord Byron D Percy Bysshe Shelley
5.William Wordsworth is an English ____
A poet B novelist C playwright D critic
6.The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is _____
A Joseph Addison B Richard Steele C Samuel Johnson D Laurence Stern
7.My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by ____
A William Shakespeare B Robert Browing C Ben Jonson D Robert Herrick
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8. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ____
A John Keats B William Blake C William Wordsworth D Percy Bysshe Shelley
9.Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by ____
A Christopher Marlow B John Miltom C William Shakespeare D Ben Johnson
10. James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown ____
A London B Dublin C New York D Edinburgh
答案：
1.D irony 是指“反讽”，揭示事物表面与真相的差别。
2.A Aflred Tennyson 被称为维多利亚时代最杰出的英国诗人。他的主要作品为：The Princess，Maud 和短诗 Break，Break，Break。
3.C Jude the Obscure是Thomas Hardy的作品。
4.A 除了John Donn是玄学派诗人外，另外三位为浪漫主义派诗人。
5.A William Wordsworth是英国前浪漫主义诗人。
6.C Samuel Johnson（1709-1784）编写的《英语字典》是之后所有英语字典的基石。
7.B Robert Browning（1812-1889）擅于写独角剧，他的代表作是My Last Duchess和Meeting at Night。
8.A Beauty is truth, truth beauty是John Keats的写作宗旨，他用尽毕生精力追求能够表达一切美丽事物的诗篇。
9.B 《失乐园》和《复乐园》均为John Milton所做。
10.B James Joyce出生于爱尔兰的首都都柏林，主要作品有：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man，Ulysses。故事合集Dubliners。
举世闻名的自由女神像，高高耸立在纽约港口的自由岛上，象征着美国人民争取自由的崇高理想。
自由女神像重45磅，高46米，底座高45米。她身着罗马古代战袍，头戴光芒冠冕，右手高擎长达12米的火炬左手紧抱一部美国独立宣言，身体微微前倾，神态端庄安祥，是一件不可多得的艺术珍品。在塑像内部还有168阶螺旋装状楼梯，游人可自此登上像顶。在女神冠冕下有25个铁窗，凭窗远眺，可以俯瞰纽约全港景色。
创作这一艺术杰作的是19世纪后期一位才华横溢的雕塑家，他的名字叫雷得里克巴托尔迪。1834年，巴托尔迪出生在法国的一个意大利家庭。他从青年时代起就酷爱雕塑艺术，自由女神的形象很早就存在他的心目中了。1851年，拿破仑.波拿巴发动政变推反第二共和国的一天,一群坚定的共和党人在街头筑起防御工事,暮色苍茫时,一个年轻姑娘手持熊熊燃烧的火炬,越过障碍物,高呼“前进”的口号向敌人冲去，波拿巴分子的枪声响了，姑娘倒在血泊中。巴托尔迪目睹这一事实，心情久久不能平静。从此这位高擎火炬的勇敢姑娘就成为他心中自由的象征。
1865年，巴托尔迪在别人的提议下，决定塑造一座象征自由的塑像，由法国人民捐款，作为法国政府送给美国政府庆祝美国独立100周年的礼物。
1869年自由神像的草图设计完成，巴托尔迪开始全心全意地投入雕塑工作。
刚开始美国人没有意识到这一礼品的珍贵。直到年巴托尔迪参加在费城举行的庆祝独立100周年博览会时，为了引起公众的注意，便把自由女神执火炬的手在会上展出，引起轰动。于是这件几天前还鲜为人知的雕塑品顿时身价百倍，成为美国人人渴望欣赏的艺术珍品。不久，美国国会便通过决议，正式批准总统提出接受女神像的请求，同时确定贝德罗岛为建立女神像的地点。
1884年7月6日，自由女神像正式赠送给美国。同年8月5日，神像底座奠基工程动工。十月中旬自由神像的建立终于全部完工。10月28日，美国总统亲自参加自由神像揭幕典礼并发表了讲话。无数群众簇拥在神像周围怀着激动的心情企首仰望着自由女神像第一次露出她庄严的面容。
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巴托尔迪由于他的卓越成绩而当选为纽约市荣誉市民和法国荣誉勋团指挥级团员。他于19xx年10月5日在巴黎逝世。但他所塑造的自由女神像将永远表达着人民对自由的热爱和向往。 加拿大概况
1 What country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf？
A United States of America
B United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
C New Zealand
D Canada
2 The national anthem of Canada is ____
A Canada The Beautiful B O Canada C God Defend Canada D Advance Canada Fair
3 The capital city of Canada is ____
A Montreal B Toronto C Albert D Ottawa
4 According to the Official Language of Act of Canada, there are two official language in this country: they are____
A English and Spanish B English and Portuguese C English and French D English and Celtic
5Canada is a world ____producer of nickel, zinc, and asbestos……
A primary B second C third D fourth
6 The highest peak in Canada is ____, which is the Yukon Territory of northwest Canada.
A. Mount Lawrence B. Mount Superior C. Mount Logan D Mount Huron
7 St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both ____
A. America and Mexico B. America and Canada C. America and Cuba D. America and Brazil
8 Apart from Paris, France, Montreal is regarded as the largest____city in the world, known as “Paris the Second”.
A. Spanish-speaking B. Portuguese-speaking C. German-speaking D. French-speaking
9____, the third largest city in Canada, is well known as Ice-Free Harbor.
A. Montreal B. Quebec C. Toronto D. Vancouver
10.Canada is the world’s ____country in terms of land area.
A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest
答案及解析:
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1.D 加拿大国树为枫树，期国徽和国旗上都有枫叶的图案，因此长期以来枫叶被视作加拿大的象征。
2.B 加拿大国歌是《啊！加拿大》。
3.D加拿大首都是渥太华，位于安大略省东南部与魁北克省交界处，是加拿大的经济政治中心，同时也是加拿大的文化中心。
4.C 1867年的《不列颠北美法案》将英法两种语言定为加拿大联邦政府和魁北克省社会公共机构的官方语言。19xx年的《官方语言法案》规定英语和法语均为加拿大官方语言。
5.A 加拿大是世界锌和石棉的第一大生产国，钾碱产量居世界第二，黄金产量居第三，铜产量位居第四。
6.C 加拿大最高峰为洛根峰，海拔6050米。
7.B 美加边境有两条国际河流，一条是哥伦比亚河，另一条是圣劳伦斯河。
8.D 蒙特利尔的法裔加拿大占全市人口的三分之二，是除了法国巴黎以外世界上最大的法语城市，素有“小巴黎”之称。
9.D温哥华总人口190万，是加拿大第三大城市和工商业中心，也是不列颠哥伦比亚区的最大城市、加拿大西海岸主要港口和横贯加拿大全景铁路线的终点。它还是一个天然良港，动机不结冰。
10.B 加拿大位于美国以北，是世界上仅次于俄国的第二大国家。
美国文学
1.The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____
A Jack London B Charles Dickens C Samuel Coleridge D Ernest Hemingway
2.In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?
A John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress
B Edmund Spencer's The Faerie Queen
C Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels
D Henry Fielding's Tom Jones
3.The Catcher in the Rye is written by ____
A J.D. Salinger B Jack London C Flannery O'Connor D Saul Bellow
4.The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by____
A Washington Irving B Fennimore Cooper C Edith Wharton D William Dean Howells
5.The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ____
A O'Neil B Pound C Robert Frost DScott Fitzgerald
6.____ is the most important person of the transcendental club.
A Hawthorn B Whitman C Emerson D Hemingway
7. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____
A fridendship B love and marriage C life and death D war and peace
8.Robert Frost is a famous ____
A novelist B playwright C poet D literary critic
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9.Dover Beach is written by ____
A Robert Browning B Alfred Tennyson C Mathew Arnold D Dylan Thomas
10.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.
A Age of Realism B Age of Clasicalism C Age of Romanticism D Age of Renaissance
答案及解析:
1.D 《老人与海》是海明威的作品。
2.C Jonathan Swift的Gulliver's Travels（《格列弗游记》）中yahoo暗指人类，集人类丑陋面于一身，服务于动物的一类生物。
3.A The Catcher in the Rye（《麦田里的守望者》）是J.D. Salinger（J.D. 赛琳格）的名著。
4.A henpecked husband 是指“怕老婆的男人”，改典型形象出自Washington Irving 的Rip Van Winkle。
5.D 二十世纪出现Jazz Age，这一代的年轻人物欲膨胀，沉迷酒色。Scott Fitzgerald的 Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》根据时代特征，对深深讽刺了所谓的美国梦。
6.C Emerson是超验主义的重要代表，所著Nature《论自然》代表了他的哲学观。
7.D Emily Dickinson（1709-1784），美国女诗人，终生未嫁。主要诗歌包括：I Could Not Sto for Death还有，I'm Nobody. Who Are You?
诗歌主题为：爱情，自然，友谊，死亡与不朽。
8.C Robert Frost是十九世纪的美国诗人，后因父亲过世已经英国，在新英格兰享有很高名望。主要作品有：The Road Not Taken，Mending Wall。
9.C Dover Beach（《多弗的海滩》）是Mathew Arnold 的作品。
10.A 1865-1914，也就是美国内战结束之后，第一次世界大战爆发之前。这个时候涌现的作家，比如Mark Twain刻画出美国经济政治发展引发的社会现实问题，包括“Gold Rush”。
本期内容：英国概况
1.____is the home of golf.
A England B Scotland C Wales D Ireland
2.Which of the follwing languages is NOT spoken in Scotland?
A English B Scottish C Gaelic D Denish
3.The election of ____ made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.
A 1979 B 1980 C 1982 D 1992
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4.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of ____
A the House Lord and the House of Commons
B the House and the Senate
C the Queen and the Hosue of Lords
D the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons
5.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by ____
A King Harold B Robin Hood C Oliver Cromwell D William the Conqueror
6.There are ____ state churches in Britain.
A two B three C four D five
7.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son____, the regime began immediately to collapse.
A Henry B Hamilton C Richard D Charles
8.____ birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood.
A The twenty-first B The eighteenth C The nineteenth D The twentieth
9.Reuters was founded in ____
A 1715 B 1751 C 1851 D 1815
10. What is (are) the nickname(s) of the U.S.A.?
A Uncle Sam B Brother Jonathan C Yankee D All of the above
答案及解析:1.B 高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动，源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰，苏格兰地区山多，气候湿润，多雾，非常适合牧草生长，这里的工业文明以前是连绵不断的牧场。相传当时牧羊人放牧闲暇时，用木板玩游戏，将石子击入兔子窝或洞中。久而久之形成了使用不同的球杆并按一定的规则击球。
2.D Gaelic苏格兰盖尔语是高地苏格兰人的传统语言；更多人使用的语言是英语。一直到15世纪末，盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为「苏格兰语」（盎格鲁语：Scottish）。
3.A Margaret Thatcher 在19xx年成为英国首相，为英国史上第一个女首相。
4.D 具体的说，英国的议会是有元首，上议院和下议院组成。其中，元首没有实权，上议员由大法官（Lord Chancellor）掌权，是由神职议员（the Lord Spiritual）和世俗议员（the Lord Temporal），下议院的成员是通过选举产生的651名议员,以首相为首。
5.D 伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。
6.A英国有两大国教： 在英格兰是英格兰教（Church of England）或者英国圣公会，在苏格莎白的头衔全称为“托上帝宏恩，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国和她的其他领土和领地的女王、英联邦元首、基督教的保护者伊丽莎白二世”。可见，英/女王是基督教的保护者。
7.C Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。1660年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charle二世当国王。
8.A 在英国,21岁生日是个大生日,因为他们认为21岁是大人开始的年龄。
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9.C 路透社是世界四大通讯社之一，也是英国创办最早的通讯社。1850年由保罗?朱利叶斯?路透 （paul julius reuter）在德国亚琛创办，1851年迁址到伦敦。创办人路透原为德国人，后加入英国籍。1865年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。
10.D “山姆大叔”（Uncle Sam），“乔纳森大哥”和“扬基老”都是美国和美国人的绰号。
美国概况
1. In area, the United States is the ____ largest country in the world.
A 2nd B 3rd C 4th D 5th
2.The 50th state in America is ____
A Alaska B Texas C Hawaii D Rhode Island
3. Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano, is located in ____
A Hawaii B Alaska C Texas D Perth
4. Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 because of ____.
A the Great Depression B the Black Power Movement C the Watergate Scandal D the Isolation policy
5.All the following universities are located in New England EXCEPT____
A Yale B Harvard C MIT D Berkeley
6.The United States has less than 6% of the world’s population; yet it produces about ____ of the total world output.
A 20% B 25% C 30% D 35%
7.What forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States?
A The Rio Grande River B The southern Rocky Mountains
C The Colorado River D The Gulf of California
8. The US formally entered the Second World War in ____
A 1937 B 1939 C1941 D 1943
9. The Presidents during the American Civil War was .
A Andrew Jackson B Abraham Lincoln
C Thomas Jefferson D George Washington
10 The emblem of the Democratic Party is ____.
A elephant B donkey C bear D bull
答案及解析:
1.C 按领土面积计算：美国是继俄罗斯，加拿大，中国之后的第四名。
2.C 19xx年，Alasica和Hawaii分别为第四十九个和第五十个加入美国的州。
3.A Mauna Loa（摩纳罗亚山）是世界上最大的活火山。位于美国Hawaii（夏威夷）。
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4.C 尼克松总统辞职是由于轰动一时的丑闻“水门事件”。水门事件指美国共和党政府在19xx年总统竞选运动中的非法活动暴露后的政治丑闻。
5.D Berkeley（伯克利），是加利福尼亚大学分院，位于美国加利福尼亚西部。而新英格兰地区包括美国的六个州，由北至南分别为：缅因州、新罕布夏州、佛蒙特州、麻萨诸塞州、罗德岛、康乃狄克州。
6.B 美国人口低于世界人口总值的6%，但是美国经济生产总值占世界25%，是高度工业化国家。
7.A The Rio Grand River（格兰德河）形成了美国与墨西哥的自然分界线。
8.C 19xx年的珍珠港事件把美国带入了第二次世界战争，与苏联，英国共同对战法西斯。
9.B Abraham Lincoln是美国第十六届总统，带领美国人走过美国内战，解放奴隶，但是在战争结束不到一周被暗杀。
10.B 19世纪70年代，在美国的《哈泼斯周刊》上，曾先后出现了政治漫画家托马斯?纳斯特的两幅画，分别以长耳朵的驴和长鼻子的象比拟美国民主党和共和党。后来，纳斯特又在一幅画中同时画进了象和驴，比喻当时的两党竞选。自那以后，驴和象就逐渐成为美国两大党的象征，两党也分别以驴、象作为党徽的标记。
大学英语专业八级之人文知识：英国地理
1.4.What is duality?
Linguists refer “duality” (of structure) to the fact that in all languages so far investigated, one finds two levels of structure or patterning. At the first, higher level, language is analyzed in terms of combinations of meaningful units (such as morphemes, words etc.) ; at the second, lower level, it is seen as a sequence of segments which lack any meaning in themselves, but which combine to form units of meaning. According to Hu Zhanglin et al. (p.6) , language is a system of two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is important for the workings of language. A small number of semantic units (words), and these units of meaning can be arranged and rearranged into an infinite number of sentences (note that we have dictionaries of words, but no dictionary of sentences!). Duality makes it possible for a person to talk about anything within his knowledge. No animal communication system enjoys this duality, or even approaches this honour.
1.5.What is productivity?
Productivity refers to the ability to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in one’s native language, including those that has never heard before, but that are appropriate to the speaking situation. No one has ever said or heard “A red-eyed elephant is dancing on the small hotel bed with an African gibbon”, but he can say it when necessary, and he can understand it in right register. Different from artistic creativity, though, productivity never goes outside the language, thus also called “rule-bound creativity” (by N.Chomsky).
1.6.What is displacement?
“Displacement”, as one of the design features of the human language, refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present, as easily as he does things present. In other words, one can refer to real and unreal things, things of the past, of the present, of the future. Lan 23
guage itself can be talked about too. When a man, for example, is crying to a woman, about something, it might be something that had occurred, or something that is occurring, or something that is to occur. When a dog is barking, however, you can decide it is barking for something or at someone that exists now and there. It couldn’t be bow-wowing sorrowfully for dome lost love or a bone to be lost. The bee’s system, nonetheless, has a small share of “displacement”, but it is an unspeakable tiny share.
1.7.What is cultural transmission?
This means that language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation, but that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker. It is true that the capacity for language in human beings(N. Chomsky called it “language acquisition device”, or LAD) has a genetic basis, but the particular language a person learns to speak is a cultural one other than a genetic one like the dog’s barking system. If a human being is brought up in isolation he cannot acquire language. The Wolf Child reared by the pack of wolves turned out to speak the wolf’s roaring “tongue” when he was saved. He learned thereafter, with no small difficulty, the AB
C of a certain human language.
大学英语专业八级之人文地理：英语语言学笔记
1.1. What is language?
“Language is system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It is a system, since linguistic elements are arranged systematically, rather than randomly. Arbitrary, in the sense that there is usually no intrinsic connection between a work (like “book”) and the object it refers to. This explains and is explained by the fact that different languages have different “books”: “book” in English, “livre” in French, in Japanese, in Chinese, “check” in Korean. It is symbolic, because words are associated with objects, actions, ideas etc. by nothing but convention. Namely, people use the sounds or vocal forms to symbolize what they wish to refer to. It is vocal, because sound or speech is the primary medium for all human languages, developed or “new”. Writing systems came much later than the spoken forms. The fact that small children learn and can only learn to speak (and listen) before they write (and read) also indicates that language is primarily vocal, rather than written. The term “human” in the definition is meant to specify that language is human specific.
1.2. What are design features of language?
“Design features” here refer to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication. They are arbitrariness, duality, productivity, displacement, cultural transmission and interchangeability
1.3. What is arbitrariness?
By “arbitrariness”, we mean there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds (see I .1). A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. Language is therefore largely arbitrary. But language is not absolutely seem to be some sound-meaning association, if we think of echo words, like “bang”, “crash”, “roar”, which are motivated in a certain sense. Secondly, some compounds (words compounded to be one word ) are not entirely arbitrary either. “Type” and “write” are opaque or unmotivated words, while “type-writer” is less so, or more transparent or motivated than the words that make it. So we can say “arbitrariness” is a matter of degree.
大学英语专业八级人文指导：英国的形成
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第三节 英国的形成
35. William replaced the witan , the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings, with the Grand Council of his new tenants-in-chief.
威廉用由他的土地承租人组成的大议会取代了安各鲁撒克逊国王的顾问团－贤人会议。
36. The Doomsday Book, completed in 1086, was the result of general survey of England made in 1085, and stated the extent , value, the population, state of cultivation and ownership.
《末日审判书》完成于1086年，它记录了1085年进行的英国总调查结果。此册陈述了土地的范围、价值、人口、耕种情况和所有权。
37. William’s policy towards the church was to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to uphold its power.
威廉对教会的政策是完全控制的同时，赞成它拥有权利。
38. Henry Π was the first king of the House of Plantagenet. He took measures to bring the disorders of king Stephen reign to an end.
亨利二世是金雀花王朝的首位国王。他采取措施结束了史蒂芬森国王统治时期的混乱局面。
39. Henry Π greatly strengthened the King’s Court and extended with its judicial work. He insisted that all clerks charged with criminal offences should be tried in the King’s Courts instead of in the Bishop’s Court.
亨利二世大大加强了王室法庭的力量并扩展了司法工作。他坚持被控刑事犯罪的教士都应在国王法庭受审而不是在主教法庭受审。
40. It was these exceptional privileges enjoyed by the clergy that brought King Henry into collision with Tomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
正是神职人员享有的特权导致了亨利国王和坎特伯雷大主教托马斯贝克特之间的冲突。
41. Geoffrey Chaucer’s best known work is the Canterbury Tales which describes a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury to visitTomas Becket’s tomb.
杰佛利乔叟的名著《坎特伯雷故事集》描述了一群朝圣者到坎特伯雷参观托马斯贝克特坟墓的旅行。
42. The baron’s charter, or Magna Carta, as it came to be known was presented by a delegation of their class to the king and his advisers in the summer of 1215.
1215年夏天，贵族代表团把他们的宪章——后以大宪章闻名——递交给国王和他的顾问团们。
43. A committee of 24 barons plus the Mayor of London was chosen to help the king carry out the Charter, with the right of declaring war on him should he break its provisions.
由24名贵族和伦敦市市长组成的委员会帮助国王执行大宪章，若国王违反规定，他们有权对国王宣战。
44. Magna Carta was a statement of feudal and legal relationship between the crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the church and a limitation of the power of the king. 大宪章陈述的是国王与贵族间的封建和法律关系，保证了教会自由和限制了王权。
45. While the king Henry Ⅲ and Prince Edward were keep in prison, Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the great council to meet at Westminster which developed later into the Lords and the Commons known as a parliament.
1265年当亨利三世国王和爱德华王子被关入监狱，西蒙德孟福尔在威斯敏斯特召集大议会，大议会发展到后来演变为议会，分为上议院和下议院。
46. The statute of Wales in 1284 placed the country under English law and Edward Ⅰpresented his new-born-son to the Welsh people as the Prince of Wales, a title held by the heir to the throne ever since.
1284年的威尔士法，使威尔士处于英国法律之下，爱德华一世将他新出生的儿子赠与威尔士人民，封他为威尔士王子。此后，该称号一直由该王位的继承人沿用至今。
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47. When Edward Ⅲ claimed the French Crown by the right of his mother Isabella, the French refused to recognize the claim because the Salic Law debarred females from the succession. In 1337 Edward declared a war that was to last a hundred years.
爱德华三世通过他母亲伊莎贝拉的关系宣布继承法国王位，但法国人民拒绝承认，因为萨利法典规定女子不得继承王位，于是在1337年，爱德华对法宣战，战争持续了一百年。
48. Black Death swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed between one half and one third of the population of England.
1348年夏天，黑死病横扫全英国，没有任何征兆，它夺去了三分之一到一半的英国人口。
49. In 1351 the government issued a statute of Laborers which made it a crime for peasant to ask for more wage or for their employers to pay more than the rates laid down by the Justice of the Peace.
1351年政府颁布“劳工法令”。规定农民们涨工资的要求或者雇主支付比地方官制定的工资水平高的工资都是犯罪。
50. Although the Peasant Uprising of 1381, was brutally suppressed, it had far-reaching significance in English history. It dealt a telling blow to villeinage and a new class of yeomen farmers emerged, paving the way for the development of capitalism.
尽管1381年的农民起义被血腥镇压了，但在英国历史上留下了深远的影响。它沉重打击了封建农奴制度，产生了全新的自耕农阶级，为资本主义发展铺设了道路 。
大学英语专业八级人文指导：历史部分之英国的起源
第二节 英国的起源（历史部分）
21. The first known setters of Britain were the Iberians. More dramatic monuments were the henges, the most important of which was Stonehenge in Wiltshire.
人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比例亚人。更为引人注目的是那些圆形石结构，其中最重要的是在维尔特郡发现的巨石阵。
22. The Celts may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, they came to Britain in three main waves: the first wave was the Gaels, the second was Britons and the third was Belgae.
凯尔特人最初来自于东欧及中欧，他们入侵英国分三次高潮：第一次是盖尔人；第二次是布立吞人；第三次是比利其人。
23. Julius Caesar, the great roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55BC. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under roman occupation.
伟大的罗马将军朱略思，恺撒，于公元前55年第一次入侵英国。将近400年，英国人处于罗马的占领下。
24. The roman built two great walls to keep the Picts. There were the Hadrian’s wall running from Carlisle to Newcastle, and the Antonine wall linking the estuaries of the Forth and the Clyde.
罗马人修建了2座长城以抵御皮特人。一条是哈德良长城，从卡莱尔到纽卡斯尔，另一条是链接福斯河口和克莱德河口的安东尼长城。
25. The Romans made use of Britain’s natural resources, mining lead, iron and tin and manufacturing pottery.
罗马人很好地利用了英国的自然资源，开采铅矿、铁矿和锡矿以及生产陶瓷。
26. In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain, they were three Teutonic tribes.
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五世纪中叶，朱特人，撒克逊人和安各鲁人不断入侵英国。这是三支日尔曼部落。
27. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Essex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have given the name of Heptarch.
这七个主要的王国：肯特、威塞克斯、苏塞克斯、埃赛克斯、东安各鲁，麦西亚和诺森薄利亚合称七王国。
28. At the beginning of ninth century, under their king Egbert the West Saxons of defeated the Mercies. In 829, Egbert became an overlord of all the England.
九世纪初，在国王埃格伯特的带领下，西撒克逊人打败了麦西亚人。829年，埃格伯特成了整个英国的最高君主。
29. In 597, pope Gregory I sent st.Augustine to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. Augustine was remarkably successfully in converting the king and the nobility.
597年，教皇格里高利派遣圣奥古斯廷去英格兰，使异教徒的英国人皈依基督教。在使国王和贵族皈依基督教方面，圣奥古斯廷特别成功。
30. Alferd, king of Wessex, was strong enough to defeat the Danes. He is known as the “father of Britain navy”.
威塞克斯的国王阿尔佛雷德非常强大，打败了丹麦人，他以“英国海军之父”闻名于史。
31. When Ethebred’s death left no strong Saxon successor, the Witan chose Canute the Danish leader, as king in 1016.
埃塞尔雷德死后没有留下有实力的撒克逊继承人，于是贤人会议选择了丹麦首领克努特为国王。
32. King Edward seemed more concerned with building Westminster Abbey than with affairs of state. He was far more Norman than Saxon.
爱德华国王对国事的关心远不及对威斯敏斯特大教堂的修建，他更像诺曼人而非撒克逊人。
33. Anglo-Saxon England perished with Harold’s death. William was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York.
随着哈罗德德死亡，安各鲁撒克逊人的英国消失了，在威斯敏斯特大教堂，约克大主教加冕威廉为英格兰国王。
34. The Norman conquest of England is perhaps the best-known event in English history. Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.
诺曼征服或许是英国历史上最著名的事件，至此，英格兰的封建制度被完全建立起来。
第一节 英国地理
1. The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. There are three political divisions on the islands of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.
3. About a hundred years ago, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.
4. The Britain Empire was replaced by the Britain commonwealth in 1931,which is a free association of independent counties that were once colonies of Britain.
5. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.
6. Britain has, for centuries, been tilting with the northwest slowly rising, and the southeast slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands. The southeast and east are mainly lowlands.
7. The pennies, a range of hills running from north midlands to Scottish border, are the princ 27
ipal mountain chain.
8. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in Britain, and the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in Britain.
9. There are three natural zones in Scotland: the highlands in the north, the central lowlands, and the southern uplands. The lowlands in the center comprise mostly the forth and Clyde valleys.
10. Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast are the capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
11. Scotland has about 800 islands, including the Orkney, Shetlands and Hebrides.
苏格兰有800座岛屿，包括奥克内群岛，谢特兰群岛和赫不里德群岛。
12. Besides, the Tweed, the Tyne, the Tees and the Thames Rivers on the east coast all face the North Sea ports on the European continent.
除此以外，东海岸的邓恩河，泰河，迪斯河和泰晤士河都面临欧洲大陆上的北海各港口。
13. The longest river in Britain is the Severn River. The most important river is Thames River. River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.
英国最长的河流是赛文河，最重要的河流是泰晤士河。克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。
14. Though the weather in Britain is so changeable and unpredictable, the climate is in fact a favorable one. Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.
虽然英国的天气总是如此变化无常，无法预测，但实际上英国的天气相当宜人。英国全年有稳定的降雨量。
15. Britain has a population of 57411000. it is a densely populated country with an average of 237 people per square kilometer, and it is very unevenly distributed. 90% of the population is urban, and only 10% is rural.
英国人口为57411000。它是一个人口稠密，分布不均的国家，每平方公里平均237人，90％的人生活在城镇，只有10％的人居住在农村。
16. the English are Anglo-Saxons, but the welsh, Scots and Irish are Celts.
英格兰人是安各鲁－撒克逊人。而威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰人是凯尔特人。
17. The Celts of Wales defended their freedom for 1000 years and were not conquered by the English until 1536. today about a quarter of the welsh population still speak welsh as their first language and about one percent speak only welsh.
威尔士的凯尔特人为自由战斗了1000年，直到1536年才被英格兰人征服。今天有大约四分之一的威尔士人把威尔士语当作第一语言，大约1％的人只讲威尔士语。
18. though the Gaelic language is still heard in the Highlands and western isles, the English language is spoken all over the Scotland.
尽管在高地和西部岛屿还能听到盖尔语，但英语却遍及全苏格兰。
19. Since then, there has been bitter fighting between the Protestants who are the dominant group, and the Roman Catholics who are seeking more social and economic opportunities.
从那时起，新教徒和罗马天主教徒间展开了艰苦的斗争，新教徒是统治者，而罗马教徒要求更多社会和经济机会。
20. About three million have came to live and find work since world war second. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and Pakistan.
自二战以来，约有三百万人来到英国居住，他们主要来自西印度群岛，印度和巴基斯坦。
在研究完专八历年试卷的人文知识部分后，我总结出以下几点：
1、英语国家地理概况 4分
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2、英美文学部分 3分
3、词汇部分 3分
这十分分值虽然相对较小，但覆盖面挺大，比如地理概况就包括六个英语国家的基本知识，复习起来似乎有点力不从心，其实不然。
I、先拿第一个来说，地理概况无非是注重英美两国方面，在复习其他四个国家时不用那么深入，只要知其一二即可（首都/首府总得记吧？），而英美方面的知识对于我们英语专业的学生来说应该有所了解，只是没有系统地去整理，如果在整理一遍之后，我想会柳暗花明！当然如果你本身一直以来对各个国家都相当了解，那我说你已吃定这4分。
II、英美文学方面就有点头疼了，特别对于那些在平时对它忽略不计的朋友们此时根本不知道从何下手，不用慌，你慌也没用，只有拿起课本，将一个个作家对应他们最有名的著作（最简单的复习方式）列在一起，进行归类，即可。如果想全部拿下这3分就要再关注一些他们的写作特点，作品中的主人公等。 III、这部分在我看来是最容易拿分的，复习的时候只要将sytax, semantics, pragmatics,等概念弄清楚，把Chomski和另外有名的语言学家对应的理论记一下就可。当然这是对那些平时不鸟语言学的朋友说的。对于平时认真听讲也想稳拿这3分的还要系统的总结一下，做到疏而不漏。
希望对赴考途中的朋友们有所帮助！
本期内容包括:亨利.詹姆斯,庞德, 菲茨杰拉德,奥尼尔,福克纳等作家
__1__ Henry James’ novels are referred to as ___.
A novels of humor
B novels of criticism
C novels of manners
D novels of history
__2__ Henry James’ fame rested largely upon his handling of his major fictional theme, “the international theme”, which includes all the following but ___.
A the meeting of American and Europe
B American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence
C the moral and psychological complications
D the nostalgic feeling of ancient Europe
__3__ In his whole writing career James was concerned with ___ which is at the center of his aesthetic of the novel.
A “point of wiew”
B “character”
C “plot”
D “theme”
__4__ Most of William Dean Howells’s literary-aesthetic ideas are best elucidated in his ___.
A Aspects of fiction
B Philosophy of Composition
C Arts of Fiction
D Criticism and Fiction
__5__ As a poet, Ezra Pound is best known for his active involvement in ___.
A the Beat Generation movement
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B the radical political protests
C the poetic revolution
D the school of Naturalism
__6__ F. Scott Fitzgerald shows an interest in the spiritual predicament of ___ in his fiction.
A the working class people
B the upper class society
C the exiles in Paris
D intellectuals and artists
__7__ which of the following is NOT written by Theodore Dreiser?.
A The Genius
B The Titan
C Light in August
D Jennie Gerhardt
__8__ Which of the Hemingway’s novels describe the drifting life of American exiles in Europe?
A The Sun Also Rises
B A Farewell to Arms
C For Whom the Bell Tolls
D The Old Man and the Sea
__9__ Which statement about Eugene O’Neill is NOT true?
A He was awarded the Nobel Prize
B He experimented with expressionism
C He has produced over 40 plays in his lifetime
D His later works are generally inferior in quality
__10__ Apart form the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include ___, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.
A impressionism
B expressionism
C multiple points of view
D first person point of view
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