·Commotion骚动,暴乱 disturbance perturbation
turbulence 三个词中都有turb-词根,表示搅动(turbine涡轮) agitation uproar
·Tranquility宁静 peace calm serenity
composure镇静 discompose不安
·Propensity倾向 tendency disposition predisposition inclination
proclivity acclivity 向上的斜坡 bend liability(另外还有一个意思表示债务) predilection delectable令人愉快的,令人伤心悦目的 penchant partiality
·Lull短暂的寂静
soothe soother橡皮奶嘴 placate
pacify pacifier橡皮奶嘴 appease
mollify 词根moll-表示软(mollusca软体动物) conciliate mitigate assuage alleviate
·Boor粗鄙之人 lout oaf churl yokel ·Civil文雅的 polished refined cultivated courtly urbane civilized
·Cherub二翼天使 cupid
seraph六翼天使 seraphic极美的(尤其指女性国色天香,倾国倾城)
·Morose郁闷的
saturnine(坐在九个骨灰盒上) downcast
crestfallen crest鸡冠 dispirited despondent gloomy
melancholy 古希腊医学圣人提出人体一共有四种体液,分别叫做:血液(血气方刚的),粘液(phlegmatic冷静的),黄胆汁,黑胆汁 doleful
·Permeable可以透水的 porous penetrable
pervious(另外有一个意思表示可以受影响的,反义词为impervious不为所动的)
·Soggy湿透的 soaked sodden saturated drenched souse steep douse immerse
·Refute反驳,驳斥 disprove controvert
·Verify证实 prove
substantiate corroborate
·Undergird支持,支撑 encourage support reinforce
countenance(作为名词表示面容)abet
·Oppose反对 demur buck deprecate quibble defy
·Retard阻碍 check hinder impede hamper
arrest(吸引;阻碍;逮捕) balk obstruct bar stymie stem stunt cumber clog
incommode=discommode foil(锡箔;钝头剑;阻碍) thwart frustrate filibuster stonewall forestall hamstring
·Affirm肯定,断言 aver assert proclaim
predicate be predicated on=according to以??为依据 avow
·Negate否定 deny gainsay repudiate disclaim renounce abjure
recant 上述三个词都有宗教信念上的抛弃、否定,同时对应一个反义词就是affirm
·Censure批评 fulminate denounce condemn reprehend rail upbraid chastise belabor vituperate castigate reprimand reprove rebuke reproach opprobrium impugn flak pan
·Commend表扬 extol exalt acclaim eulogize laud accolade applaud glorify rave tout tribute
approbation encomium panegyric eulogy hymn paean carol
·Deride嘲笑(:尊敬) mock taunt ridicule scorn jeer sneer
·Revere尊敬 venerate
esteem=adore honor defer to
·Jabber快而不清地说话 gabble
gibber gibberish n.毫无意义的或莫名其妙的话
PS: ticklish : imperturbable易怒的:沉着的
slang: different strokes for difference folks萝卜白菜各有所爱 parody拙劣模仿 travesty歪曲
·跟音乐相关 lyric抒情诗 solo独奏
aria咏叹调 上述两个词都是单独表演的部分,可以共同对应一个反义词ensemble合唱
duet二重奏 trio三重奏 quartet四重奏 fantasia幻想曲
capriccio随想曲(来自于caprice反复无常)
concerto协奏曲 rhapsody狂想曲(来自于rhapsodize疯狂赞美)
reverie梦幻曲 serenade小夜曲 sonata奏鸣曲 note音符 scale音阶
movement乐章 score乐谱
overture=prelude序曲 finale=coda尾声
piano(音乐)轻柔的:forte(音乐)强有力的(作为名词表示人的长处、强项)
crescendo声音渐强 diminuendo声音渐弱 refrain叠句
staccato断奏,断音 cantata=oratorio清唱剧 operetta小歌剧 melodrama情节剧 farce闹剧
pantomime哑剧 soprano女高音
tenor男高音(另外一个意思是主旨、要点)
recital独唱会 rendering演绎
maestro=virtuoso艺术大师 ballerina芭蕾舞女 minute小步舞曲
pirouette芭蕾舞中脚尖着地的旋转 madrigal情歌 ballad小调 ditty小调
·乐器有关 harpsichord键琴 harp竖琴
bassoon巴松管,低音管 tambourine手鼓
percussionist打击乐手
·美术相关 easel画架 brush画笔 canvas画布 palette调色板(区别:palate上颚;pallet简陋的小床,运货的托盘) crayon粉笔画,蜡笔画 collage拼贴画 fresco壁画 limn描绘 stipple点画
daub瞎画,涂鸦 daubster拙劣的画家
·Extravagant奢侈的 profuse lavish wasteful profligate spendthrift improvident dissipated
prodigal=wastrel
·Miser吝啬鬼 skimpy begrudging miserly niggard skinflint scrooge
·Generosity慷慨,大方 magnanimity liberality largess
munificence
bounteous=bounty princely
school : fish = flock : birds = herd : cattle = pack : wolves = swarm : bees/ants = gaggle : geese
valorous valiant
dauntless=undaunted indomitable intrepid
plucky(注意:pluck作为动词有拔毛的意思)
beard the lion in his den老虎嘴里拔牙,太岁头上动土
gallant=chivalrous(另外一个意思:对女士彬彬有礼的) stouthearted heroic prowess mettle(some) lion勇敢的人 bravado
bluffing这两个词都表示的是虚张声势
choir : singer = electorate : voter = cast : actor
规律:音乐舞蹈:文学戏剧
规律:光:声
croak : frog = quack : duck(quack除了有庸医、骗子的意思外,还可以指鸭子嘎嘎的叫)
tile : mosaic = stitch : sampler parquet : wood = mosaic : glass
argue : debate = fight : box正常:正规 duel : combat = ratify : approval正规:正常
·Guzzle狂饮 quaff swill gulp slurp
·Gobble狼吞虎咽 munch
·Carp吹毛求疵 hypercritical captious carping fussy
pernickety finicky fastidious dainty censorious cavil
·Skirmish小争吵 tiff spat bicker squabble
·Corral牛棚马厩 stable stall
corral : horses = coop : chickens = fold : sheep = pen/sty : pigs
executor : will = solider : order前者执行后者 规律:表示人的职务或者职业的词通常没有品质方面的特征,eg:politician 表示人的性格的词eg:miser,coward 表示人的能力的词eg:pundit
但是职业无特征不是绝对的,eg:diplomat : tact
Audacious:
Audax是希腊将军,作战非常勇敢(引申出第一重含义:勇敢的),city-state (城帮) Athens雅典(Athena雅典娜),Sparta斯巴达->Spartan(坚韧的,刻苦的),Audax的妻子是个大belle(美女),而且是个coquette(风骚的女人),非常sultry(1 风骚的 2 闷热的(通常男生看到belle会比较闷热)),她来军营看望Audax,可是Audax不在,正好碰到Audax的adjutant(副官),这个adjutant是个酷哥(cougar 美洲狮),于是她ogle(女人色迷迷的看男人)这个酷哥,酷哥leer(男人色迷迷的看女人)她,于是他们产生了一种liaison(暧昧关系),凑巧被Audax看到了,十分不爽,手起刀落,把adjutant砍了,看看他妻子也很不爽,手起刀落也砍了(引申出第二重含义:鲁莽的) 。
·Inveigle诱骗 coax wheedle cajole
·Swindle欺骗 beguile hoodwink gull hoax
double-cross
·Absorbed聚精会神的,全神贯注的 engrossed engaged lost
occupied immersed
·Ravishing令人销魂的美 riveting极迷人的美 stunning令人晕眩的美 glowing光彩照人的美 radiating放射状的美
Qualify几乎只考一层意思:限制
doggerel : sonnet = scribble : calligraphy随意:正规
equivocate : directness反面特征
equivocate : indirect/ambiguous正面特征
equivocate : deceive动作及其目的(支支吾吾就是为了欺骗)
desert : oasis = forest : glade = ocean : island
·Inured习惯的 get inured to
get acclimatized to get accustomed to
get habituate yourself to
portfolio : securities = dossier : reports clientele : customers = faculty : teachers
depart : abscond = store : secrete = save : hoard正常地:偷偷地
parenthesis小括号 bracket中括号
stickler : rules = doctrinaire : theory = reactionary : convention前者僵化地执行后者
gourmand : appetite = skinflint : thrift = prodigal : expenditure = daredevil : courage cynicism:愤世嫉俗,玩世不恭,冷嘲热讽
flounder : move = limp : walk困难:正常
·Pertinent恰当的,贴切的 appropriate proper apt
germane
insulate绝缘 insolate暴晒 insular岛屿的 peninsula半岛 insulin胰岛素
·inchoate : completely/fully formed incipient : full-blown nascent : full established
judge : adjudicate = champion : defend正面特征
banal(陈腐的)在GRE中一般考两种反义:创新性的or吸引人的
ruffle=crease=pleat 褶皱
GRE常考药:
止痛药:analgesic, anodyne, bromide, painkiller
麻醉剂,镇静剂:sedative, anesthetic, soporific, narcotic, intoxicant, tranquillizer, depressant, stimulant
泻药:laxative, purgative, cathartic (catharsis宣泄)
消/解毒药:antibiotic, antiseptic, disinfectant, antidote
收敛/止血剂:astringent, coagulant, hemostat
additive添加剂 preservative防腐剂
desiccant脱水剂,干燥剂 lubricant润滑剂
emollient (balm)润肤剂 irritant刺激物 caustic腐蚀剂 catalyst催化剂
inhibitor (retardant)抑制剂 palliative治标剂,缓和剂 tonic滋补剂 panacea万灵药 nostrum家传秘方
placebo安慰剂,参比剂
worship: sacrifice=prediction: augury事物及其功能
suitcase: luggage=hat: millinery种属关系,前者(具体)是后者(总称)的一种
enfranchise: vote=illuminate: see动作及其结果/目的(前者的宾语执行后者)
apologize: contrite = compliment: impressed动作及其表达内心情感
stencil: lettering=pattern: sewing事物及其功能(模板)
pillory: ridicule=guillotine: execute事物及其功能,也可以对应cell: intern单身牢房:拘禁
pillory作为及物动词表示“公开谩骂,公开侮辱”,对应反义词为exalt
跟法庭相关的词汇:
法庭(courtroom)中间,法官(judge/ magistrate/ justice)坐的凳子(bench),法官头戴假发(toupee),前面放置条案(lectern),条案上通常放置一个小锤子(gavel),法官下面有证人(witness)席,传证人上庭的过程叫做传讯(subpoena),证人作证过程中给出证言、证词(testimony/ deposition/ perjury-伪证),另外一边有陪审团(jury),他们给出判决(verdict),通常来说判决分为innocent和guilty,给出判决之后法官宣判(conviction),然后对罪犯进行量刑 (sentence),量刑过程中依照先例(precedence)。被告(defendant/ respondent/ corespondent)和原告(plaintiff/suitor),其中respondent和suitor往往指婚姻案中的原被告,而corespondent 指的是第三者,原告和被告统称为诉讼当事人(litigant),原告对被告的动作叫做起诉(accuse/ prosecute),被告在法庭可以进行抗辩(plead)。
在办公室(office)处理文案的律师,在美式英语中叫做counselor,在英式英语中叫做solicitor;在法庭(courtroom)进行辩护的律师,在美式英语中叫做attorney,在英式英语中叫做barrister。
其他关于法庭的词: prosecutor(公诉人),advocate(苏格兰或者法国一带的律师),tribunal(法庭/军事法庭),forensic(与法庭有关的),jurisprudence(法学),judicial(司法的),跟该词相似的一个词judicious(明智的)
diary: biographer=scripture: theologian 日记:传记作家=真经:神学家,研究对象与研究者,其中scripture=canon
假真关系: mask: face toupee: hair denture: teeth
effigy(mannequin/dummy): body astrology: astronomy
alchemy: chemistry pseudonym(alias): name placebo: painkiller nostrum: remedy malinger: ail
perjury: deposition(testimony) backdrop: vista apocrypha: canon counterfeit: money bravado: courageous
sophism(诡辩): reasoning sophist: philosopher
charlatan(quack/mountebank): doctor flatter: appreciate
fulsomeness: complimentary feint: thrust
hypocrisy: sincerity
cyclone旋风 tornado龙卷风 hurricane飓风 typhoon台风 monsoon季风 blizzard暴风雪 gust阵风 gale大风
mistral西伯利亚吹来寒冷而干燥的风 breeze微风 zephyr和风
neon lamp 霓虹灯
be immune to be liable to
concerted/synergic 协同作用的
badger: bother=persecute: injure反复的叨扰:叨扰=迫害:伤害(连续:正常)pester/bait/tantalize
deprivation: surfeit=剥夺,缺乏:大量
Mercury罗马神话中的墨丘利神。据说
是黎明出生,晚上的时候会去偷(rustle
尤指偷牛)同父异母的哥哥阿波罗的牛,偷完牛又回到摇篮里装天真,第二天被阿波罗发现了,就把他揪到父亲朱庇特的面前评理,墨丘利凭借自己的巧舌如簧(mercurial)说服自己的哥哥与之和解。后来他又使用同样的伎俩分别偷过(purloin)维纳斯的腰带(girdle),偷过(filch)海神的三叉戟(trident),偷过(pilfer)战神Mars的箭,后来把自己油嘴滑舌的口才给了潘多拉(Pandora)。
rustle: cattle=plagiarize: idea偷:牛=剽窃:观点
liability: asset债务:资产
solvent: bankrupt有偿还能力的:破产的
liability > asset -> solvent liability < asset -> bankrupt
purification: dross = desalination: salt = percolate: grounds纯化:残渣=脱盐:盐=过滤:咖啡的残渣
disabuse: hoodwink纠正:欺骗