时间状语从句最全总结(初中)

时间:2024.4.29

时间状语从句

一. 概念:在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。

二. 种类:

1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。

(1).when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生,并且when有时表示“就在那时”。

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

(2)while强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行, 用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中, 主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词。并且while有时还可以表示对比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

I met her while I was at school.

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.

(3)as引导时间状语从句时表示“当??时, 一边??一边??”, 侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作), 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。 He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。

As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间) 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。

before引导的时间状语从句表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。从句不用否定的谓语形式。从句位于主句之后时,before有时译成“才;就”。还要注意主句和从句的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;从句用过去时,则主句多用过去完成时,以此来体现动作发生的先后顺序。

after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后,主句和从句的时间关系正好与before相反。如: It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.

我父亲恰好在信到达之前去加拿大了。

After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。

3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。

I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

4.由since引导的时间状语从句。“自从……以来”,或“自从……以后”, since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。主句通常用现在完成时态,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。

I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一??就”。例如: The moment I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。

6.hardly(scarcely, rarely)?when / before, no sooner?than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时, 主句应用倒装语序(半倒装)。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。

6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。

7. .由each time\every time\next time/last time/every time/the first time,和whenever/no matter when引导的时间状语从句。

Each time he came to Shenyang , he would call on me.

8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。(无区别)这两个连词表示“只要”.

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。

1.By the end of last term , I__A__ten books.

A had finished reading B.have finish reading

C.had finish to read D.finish read

2. I won't believe you_B__ I have seen it with my own eyes.

A. before B. until C. after D. when

3.___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.

A. While B. When C. Since D. After


第二篇:It引导的时间状语从句总结与练习


高考It +be+ 时间 + 从句”结构  

总结一

    在“ It +be+ 时间 + 从句”结构中,引导从句的从属连词有 before, that, since, until ( till ) , when 等。这一结构是近几年高考常考的知识点,现将它们的用法小结如下:

    一、 It +be ( not ) + 时间段 +before 从句。

    其中的主句是肯定式时,意为“过多长时间才……”;主句是否定式时,意为“没过多久就……”。例如:

    1. It was not long before the whole country rose and drove the Austrian soldiers from their homeland. 不久,全国人民便奋起反抗,把奥地利军队从他们的国土上赶了出去。

    2. It may be five or six years before the new medicine is tested on human beings.

    要过五六年时间这种新药才能在人身上做试验。

    3. It was two months before he designed the bridge.  过了两个月,他设计出了这座桥梁。

    二、 It +will be ( was ) + 时间段 +until 从句

    若主句中用一般将来时,则从句中用一般现在时,意思是从现在起到从句中谓语动词表示的动作发生时还有多长时间;若主句中用一般过去时,则从句中也用一般过去时,意思是从过去某一时间起到从句中谓语动词表示的动作发生还有多长时间。例如:

    1. It will be ten days until my birthday comes.  到我生日还有十天。

    2. It was only five minutes until her husband came back from work.

    当时离她丈夫下班只有五分钟了。

    注意:结构“一”与结构“二”在肯定句中几乎可以通用。但是,若从句中谓语动词表示的将来动作一定或预期肯定会发生,则多用 until 引导从句;若从句中谓语动词表示的将来动作在客观上并非一定要发生时,则多用 before 引导从句。

    三、 It +is / has been ( was ) + 时间段 +since 从句

    在这一结构中,主句常用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。如果 since 引导的状语从句中的谓语动词为非延续性动词,则表示“自从状语从句中的动作发生以后,时间过不了多久”。例如:

    1. It is two years since Jim came to China.

    吉姆来中国两年了。

    2. It has been three years since they got married.

    他们结婚已经三年了。

    如果 since 从句中的谓语动词为延续性动词,则表示“自从从句谓语动词表示的动作结束以来,时间已过了多久”。例如:

    3. It is / has been a year since he smoked.

    他戒烟已经一年了。

    四、 It +is / was + 时间点 +when 从句

    在这一结构中,时间之前没有介词,从句为 when 引导的时间状语从句。从句常用一般过去时,意为“当某事发生时,时间是……”。例如:

    1. It was October 1st, 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.

    中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年 10 月 1 日。

    2. What time was it when you got to school?

    你几点到的学校。

    五 . It is /was + 时间状语 +that 从句

这是一个强调句型,被强调的部分是时间状语。表示“正是在某个时间,某事发生了”。例如

  1. It was ten years ago that he joined the army.  他正是在十年前参的军。

    2. It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street.

    就是在昨天下午我在街上遇见了他。

    六、 It is / was +first time / second time + ( that )从句

    在这一结构中, time 前面常用序数词来修饰, that 引导的是定语从句,从句中常用现在完成时态或过去完成时态,表示“这是第……次做某事”。例如:

    1. This is the first time in my life that I have come to Beijing.

    这是我一生中第一次来北京。

    2. It was the third time that he had asked the same question.  这是他第三次问同一个问题。

    七、 It is ( high ) time +that 从句

    在这一结构中, that 从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“ should + 动词原形”或用动词的过去式,表示“该做某事了”。例如:

    1. It is high time that we began our work.    我们该开始我们的工作了。

    2. It is time that he left the place.    他该离开那个地方了。

“It +be+ 时间 + 从句”结构

总结二

例1:It is almost five years_____we saw each other last time.(05北京) A.beforeB.since C.after D.when

例2:-Did Jack come back early last night? -Yes.It was not yet eight o‘clock________he arrived home. A.before  B.when  C.that  D.until

例1.正确答案:B 我们已经有5年没见面了。

例2.正确答案:B 他回家时还不到8点

这类考题出现频率较高,考生又极易混淆,在复习中做出归类非常必要:

1.It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时

例1:It is/has been 10 years since he came here.这类句型可转化为: =Ten years has passed since he came here. 这一句型可扩展为:It was+时间段+since(从句用过去完成时)

例2:It was years since he had arrived in China.(过去是+since+过去完成时) 需要注意的是since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,但有时也可用延续性动词或表示状态的词,此时需要注意句子的翻译:

例3:It is three years since she came to our class.她来我们班已经有三年了。 It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班已经有三年了。

2.It + was + 时间点 + when clause(从句谓语用一般过去时) will be+时间点+when clause(从句谓语用一般现在时表将来)

例1:It was already evening when he came back.当他回家时已经8点了。

例2:It will be midday when they get home.当他们到家时将是中午。

3.It + will(not) be + 时间段 + before + 现在时 was(not)+时间段+before+过去时

例1:It will be another year before he comes here.

例2:It was some time______we realized the truth.(2005山东24) A.when  B.until  C.since  D.before

例2:正确答案:D。过了一段时间后我们才了解了真相。 该句型中before前常用时间段,表示“…之后才…”“在…之前就…”;有时before前也可以用时间点,此时突出表示动作的变化。试比较:

例3:It was evening before we reached the little town of Tailstocks. 当我们到达Tailstocks时已经黑了。(到达前天还没有黑)

4.It/This is + the + 序数词 + 时间 + 定语从句(从句用完成时)

例1:It is the first time (that) I have been here.(定语从句) 该句型可扩展为:It was+序数词+时间+定语从句(从句用过去完成时)

例2:It was the second time he had been out with her alone.

例3:It’s the second time you________late this week. A.arrive  B.arrived  C.havearrived  D.hadarrived 正确答案:C。这是这个星期你第二次迟到了。

5.It is + (high)time + that + did(虚拟语气)

例1:It is (high) time (that) we stopped pollution. 其中that引导得从句中也可用should+V(原型)

例2:It is (high) time (that) you came/should come here. 写作中表示建议时也常可用这类句型。

例3:It‘s high time we took measures to solve this problem.

注意应将以上5种句型与强调时间的强调句型的区别。

6.It be + 时间(被强调部分) + that

例1:It was at 6 o’clock that we heard the noise.

例2:It was 3 years ago that he joined the army. 最简单的判断方法是:当表示时间的词前有介词或者后有副词时,一定是强调结构,必用that。 试比较下面句式与强调句的不同之处: It was already ten o‘clock when he arrived. It is ten years since I met you last. It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all. 以上几句中时间前无介词后没副词故不是强调句型。

 《动手练一练》: 1.It was not until 1936________basketball became a regular part of the Olympic Games. A.that  B.when  C.which  D.then

2.It will not be________we meet again. A.long before B.before long  C.soon after  D.shortly after

3.──He was nearly drowned once. ──When was________? ──________was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A.that;It  B.this;This C.this;It  D.that;This

4.It was evening________we reached the little town of Winchester.(04天津) A.that B.until  C.since D.before

5Scientists say it may be five or six years_it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A.since  B.after  C.before  D.when

6.It was______I met Mr.Smith in London.

 A.many years that  B.for many years since C.since many years ago when  D.many years ago that

7.-What was the party like? -Wonderful.It‘s years_____I enjoyed myself so much.

      A.after  B.before  C.when  D.since

8.It was about 600 years ago___the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

    A.that  B.until  C.before  D.when

(Keys:AAADCDDA  1正确答案:A   2正确答案:B )

 历年高考单选题

例1: I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. A. before B. since C. till D. after

例2:-Did Jack come back early last night? -Yes.It was not yet eight o‘clock________he arrived home. A.before  B.when  C.that  D.until

这类考题出现频率较高,考生又极易混淆,在复习中做出归类非常必要:

1.       It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时

如:It is/has been 5 years since he came to our school. 这一句型可引申为:It was+时间段+since(从句用过去完成时) 如:It was 10 years since he had arrived in China. 需要注意的是since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,但有时也可用延续性动词或表示状态的词,此时需要注意句子的翻译: 如:It is three years since she came to our class.她来我们班已经有三年了。 It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班已经有三年了。

总之,在翻译此类句子的时候我们要记住一点,那就是“自从这一动作结束以来”,只要记住这一点我们就比较好理解句子了。

2.It + was + 时间点 + when clause(从句谓语用一般过去时) It will be+时间点+when clause(从句谓语用一般现在时表将来) 如:It was already eight o'clock when he came back. 当他回家时已经8点了。 It will be midday when they get home. 当他们到家时将是中午。

3.It + will(not) be + 时间段 + before + 现在时 It was(not)+时间段+before+过去时 如:It will be another year before he comes here. It was some time______we realized the truth.(05山东24) A.when  B.until  C.since  D.before 正确答案:D。过了一段时间后我们才了解了真相。

4.It/This is + the + 序数词 + 时间 + that从句(从句用完成时) 如:It is the first time that I have been here. 该句型可引申为:It was+序数词+时间+that从句(从句用过去完成时) 如:It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.

5.It is + (high)time + that + did(虚拟语气) 如:It is (high) time (that) we stopped pollution. 其中that引导得从句中也可用should+V(原型) 如:It is (high) time (that) you came/should come here. 写作中表示建议时也常可用这类句型。 如:It‘s high time we broke away from the bad habits and formed good ones. 注意应将以上5种句型与强调时间的强调句型的区别:

6.It be + 时间(被强调部分) + that 如:It was at 6 o’clock that we heard the noise.(强调句) It was 3 years ago that he joined the army.(非强调句) 最简单的判断方法是:当表示时间的词前有介词或者后有副词时,一定是强调结构,必用that。 试比较下面句式与强调句的不同之处: It was already ten o‘clock when he arrived. It is ten years since I met you last.  It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all. 以上几句中时间前无介词后没副词故不是强调句型。

探究语法填空中“It be +时间+conj”句型

在各类考试和历届高考试题中“it+be+time+conj”句型以不同的形式出现,往往使同学们顾此失彼,一头雾水,原因在于没有搞清楚各个句型的特点及实质,现结合历届高考题分别予以探究。

 (一)It is +时间段+since+从句

It has been +时间段+since+从句 此句型的要点:

(1) 注意since前后句子时态.

 since前的时态为is或has been,后的时态为一般过去时

Eg: It is(has been) ten years since I joined the army 译为:我参军已经十年了.

(2) since后的动词若为延续性或状态性动词,应译为否定或相反,若为短暂性动词按字面意思翻译.

Eg: It is(has been) ten years since I was a teacher =It is(has been) ten years since I left the army 译为:我复员十年了.

It is ten years since I smoked =It is ten years since I stopped smoking 译为:我戒烟十年了. 练习:

1、-What was the party like?-Wonderful. It’s years____ I enjoyed myself so much A: after B:before C:when D:since

2、I live in Beijing now, that’s to say, it’s ten years since I ____Beijing. A:lived in B:left for C:left D:was in

3、I’m a teacher now, that’s to say, it is ten years since I___ a teacher. A: have been B: was C:became D:turned Key.

【Keys:1、D 2、B 3、C】

(二)It will be +时间段+before+一般现在时的从句 “要过多久/ 不久…才…”

 It was +时间段+before+一般过去时的从句 “过了多久才…” “before”句型和“since”句型的共性都加时间段,差异在于前后的时态和翻译。

Eg: ① It will be ten years before I return home. 译为:要过十年我才能回家.

② It was ten years before he found his lost boy. 译为:过了十年他才找到了他失踪的儿子. 练习:

1、It is reported that it may be two or three months_____it is possible to test this medicine on animals.

        A:since B:after C:before D:when

2、-How long do you think it will be ______ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

-Perhaps two or three years A:when B:until C:that D:before

3、How long do you think ____ the computer company brings out a new product?(2005.上海)

   A: it will be before B:will it be until C:will it be when D: it will be that

【Keys:1、C 2、D 3、A】

(三)It will be+时间点+when+一般现在时的从句

 It was +时间点+when+一般过去时的从句 与“before”句型比较:前后时态一致

 与“since”、“before”句型强调的是时间段,而”when“句型强调的是时间点。

Eg: ① It will be midnight when I return home. 译为:我回到家的时间将是午夜.

② It was noon when the accident happened 译为:事故发生时已是正午. 练习:

1、___ was 1979 ____ I graduated from university (1997.上海) A:That; that B:It; that C:That; when D:It; when

2、It was breakfast _____ our teacher punished me (2004.北京) A:when B: until C:since D: before

【Keys: 1、D 2、A】

(四)It is(was)+时间点+that的强调句型 强调句仅是形似,与“when”句型的比较很明显:

1. 强调句时间点部分通常带有介词;

2. 去掉it is(was)……that之后,句子整合成一个完整的句子。 Eg:①It was in the morning that I was robbed in the street. (删除后还原:I was robbed in the street in the morning.) =It was this morning that I was robbed in the street.

②It was at 7:00 that I met Tom this morning. (删除后还原:I met Tom this morning at 7:00.)

=It was 7:00 when I met Tom this morning

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