状语从句
状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词、
注意：时间状语从句
(1) 当主句是一般将来时、祈使句或主句中含有情态动词，这些词引导的从句要用一般现在时（主将从现）
Don’t go to bed until you finish your homework.
(2) when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
②Sorry，I was out when you called me．（call为短暂性动词）
③Strike while the iron is hot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。
④ The students took notes as they listened．（listen为延续性动词）
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先发生） ②When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）
2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。
①When ／While ／As we were dancing，a stranger came in．（dance为延续性动词）
②When ／While ／As she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter．（make为延续性动词）
3．当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
① As the time went on，the weather got worse．（as表示“随着……”之意） ③As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer．
④The little girls sang as they went．小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside，shouting as she was crying．
4．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。 ①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it．
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this．
（3）since 引导的从句一般用过去时，主句用现在完成时
I have learnt English since I was 4 .
目的状语和结果状语
(1)目的状语从句引导词：so that. in order that
从句中常用情态动词。
★so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, mightwould等。
2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
(2)结果状语从句引导词：
so...that,such...that.
(3)so与such
的区别
①so+形+a/an+名单=such+a/an+形+名单
②so+many/much/few/little+形+名(例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.
③such+形+不可数名词/可数名词复数
(4)so...that与too...to和...enough to间转换
The apple is so dear that I can’t buy it.=The apple is too dear for me to buy.=The apple isn’t cheap enough for me to buy.
第二篇：定语从句知识总结与归纳
定语从句知识总结与归纳
（一）结构 限定性定语从句：先行词+关系词+定语从句
非限定性定语从句：先行词，关系词+定语从句
（二）关系词 关系代词：that；who；which；whose
关系副词：when；where；why w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
说明 先行词的内容指：人；关系代词用：that；who
先行词指：物，用关系代词：which；whose表示：先行词和从句中的第一个词为从属关系，表示……的……；that；who；which在定语从句中做主语或宾语；
关系副词：when；where；why在定语从句中做时间，地点，原因状语；表示：“在那时”；“在那里”和“为什么”
The bright star which is shining just above the roof is called Sirius.
The people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned in history book at all.
We saw a church among the trees, whose tower（the tower of which）was clear against the blue sky.
She adopted a child whose parents are dead.
He came at six, when I am usually in the garden.
Would you please give us a reason why you are late for class ?
关系词前面可以带有介词、限定词，结构为：
限定词（Both；Many；All等）of which / whom…
介词（in；on；at；for等）+which / whom …
He felt that his pupils, most of whom lived in the towns, should get to know the wonders of the countryside.
This is the road by which we came.
（三）先行词指“物”时，关系代词只能用that不能用which的情况，先行词的特点是：
1. 先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰
2. 先行词是不定代词
3. 先行词有only；any；few；little；no；none；all；very 等词修饰
4. 先行词既有“人”也有“物”
You should hand in all that you have.
The only thing that we can do is to wait patiently.
This is the last train that goes to Beijing.
（四）way 后面的定语从句：the way + in which / that /省略／＋定语从句
I don’t understand the way in which / that /—/ they worked out this problem.
（五）as 引导的定语从句，句型：
1. such ＋先行词as +定语从句：像……一样／之类的……
2. the same ＋先行词as ＋定语从句：和……一样的……
3. as ＋定语从句，主句：正如……一样
He is not the same as he was.
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
As is expected, he has been absent.
She has read widely in Romantic literature, as appears from her essay.
（六）定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词的形式一致。
1. one of＋名词复数＋关系代词＋复数动词
2. the only of ＋名词复数＋关系代词＋单数动词
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
考试指导
（1）考查要点：关系代词／关系副词；考查形式——单项选择；短文改错。
（2）考查难点：在定语从句中加入插入语；把先行词与定语从句分割开。
（3）思路：单选——在理解句子意思的基础上，分清句子结构，弄清先行词和定语从句；观察从句中所有的成分——主语；宾语；状语（时间；地点；原因）
改错——常在定语从句部分的关系词处设错（关系代词／关系副词的误用；非限定性定语从句用that引导；从句中多余代词）。
同时注意根据句意和结构区分定语从句，名词从句和强调句型。
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. Dolly was always speaking highly of her role in the play ____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
分析：B 去掉插入语of course，后面是定语从句修饰前文描述的整个事情。
2. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
分析：C 先行词the hours与定语从句被back to me隔开（为保持句子平衡）；the hours在从句中做时间状语。
3. The Beatles, ___ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that C. how D. as
分析：D as many of you are old enough to remember引导非限定性定语从句：正如我们大家能记住的那样，A，C与定语从句无关，that不能引导非限定性定语从句。