英语时态总结

时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。在这里，我们重点讲解一下最常见的11种时态的用法和注意事项。

1. 一般现在时：小学就开始学这个，大家都会吧，有几点强调一下我们就走。

A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.

B) 习惯用语:这个要在平时自己积累，因为习语太多，我不做过多解释。

Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.

口语中常说believe it or not，意思是：“信不信由你”，“我说的是真的”。believe it or not是一个固定说法，相当一个插入语，短语中的believe没有词形变化。这点要注意，以后会教你们动名词的用法，到时候会牵涉到主语的问题。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。

Ie：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。）

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.这个句子要注意，到了以后的定语从句经常会有这样的问题，具体细节到 时候在说，不过你们要先有这样的概念：客观事实无论谓语的时态是什么都用一般现在时。

E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

ex: When does the plan leave?这个句子注意一下，就是这么用的，有人会注意到这样的问题: The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.为什么不用将来时，对了，很奇怪，但就是这么用的。

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。

Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.（完成时，往下看会出现）

2. 现在进行时(be doing) 的用法：上了初一就教这个吧，比一般现在还简单。表示现在正在做的动作，但要注意有的动词不能用于进行时，这类词称为短暂性动词，如，open, borrow等等，在完成时态常常会碰到，平时要注意积累。

3. 现在完成时(have done)：重要考点，初二以后几乎都是完成时态。

A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

ex: I have just finished my homework.

B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。这里联系进行时，他们都一样，不能用短暂性动词，★★★☆☆考点。

C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）

注意：

A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。

例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）

B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。

例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）

My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（终端动词）

C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。

例： This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. （这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）

D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。）

E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成时。 例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。）

4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)：和现在进行时很像

1) 用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）

2) 注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

5. 一般过去时

A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

ex:I went to Beijing last year.

B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。

ex: I used to live here.（注意used to 和be used to 的区别，used to表过去常常，be used to 表示习惯于，前者to是不定式符号，后者则是介词，后接名词、动名词、代词）

C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

ex: Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）

Could you pass me the pen?

注意：

A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时 间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。注意，到了初二将会是★★★★☆考点，不会不行，逃不了的，几乎每次都考。

B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

6. 过去完成时(had done)

用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。

画一条时间轴过去完成＿＿●＿一般过去＿◇＿一般现在＿＿＿○＿＿＿＿＿＿

2) 注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。 ex: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.

7. 过去将来时(would/ should do) 表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。其实和将来时没什么区别啦。

ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.宾从、直引经常碰到这样的例子，注意。

8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)

A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

ex: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.

B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。

ex: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.

9. 一般将来时

A) 基本结构是will / shall do。古英语认为will用于第二、三人称，shall用于第一人称，但后来没做硬性规定，will比较常用。I will be home at 10.

B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。初一接触比较 多的是be going to，后面的包括will/shall到了后来才出现，其他如sleep很少见，初中阶段我几乎没见过sleep这么用的， leave, come, arrive也常见

ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.

C) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事，后常与when连用。ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.

D）"be to do"的5种用法：

a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）

b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）

c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may）

例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）

d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.

A. will be attended B. will be attended to

C. is attended D. is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been

答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”

E) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.

注意：

在 以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless 等连词以及具有连词作用的副词

（immediately, the moment, directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调 延续性或动态时，可用完成时。

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）

10. 将来进行时(will be doing) 调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

ex: Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.

11. 将来完成时(will have done) 表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发

生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个 将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

ex: It is reported that by the end of this century the people of Chinese will have increased by 2 billion

第二篇：英语时态小结

Tenses 时态

1, present simple 一般现在时

A, structure 结构: V---动词原形 Vs---第三人称单数

B, use

a, a fact that is always true or that is true for a long time

eg. I come from China. She works for a big company.

b, a habit: every, often, usually, always, sometimes, never…

eg. My father always goes to work by car.

C, negative: don’t / doesn’t + V

D, questions: Do / Does + 主语+ V

2, present continuous

A, structure: am/is/are+ V-ing

B, use

a, sth. in progress now: now, at the moment, today

eg. We are having an English class now.

b, a future arrangement: this evening, tonight, tomorrow, next…

eg. She is playing tennis with her friends this afternoon.

C, negative: be + not

D, question: be 提到主语之前

3, present perfect

A, structure: have / has + p.p

B, use

a, an experience in life: ever, never, all one’s life

eg. Have you ever been abroad?

b, a past action continues to now: for, since, recently, so far, for the past two weeks…how long

eg. I have worked in this company since I graduated from university.

c, a past action with a result now: just, already, yet

eg. She has already done the washing up.

C, negative: have / has + not

D, question: Have / Has 提前

※no definite time in this tense现在完成时没有确定的时间

4, present perfect continuous

A, structure: have / has + been + V-ing

B, use

a, a past action continues to now

eg. I have been waiting for you for ages！

b, a past action with a result now

eg. My back aches because I have been working in the garden all day.

I’m hot because I have been running.

My eyes are red because I have been reading all day.

I’m wet because I have been washing my dog.

C, negative: have/has + not

D, question: have/has提前

E, the differences between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous

a, to emphasize the result, we use the present perfect simple强调结果，用一般的现在完成时。

to emphasize the activity, we use the present perfect continuous强调动作，用现在完成进行时。

b, the results are different: for the direct results of the activity, we use the simple, for the indirect ones, we use the continuous form.对动作造成的直接结果，用一般的现在完成时，对间接结果，用现在完成进行时。

eg. I have repaired the car. (the result here: the car is ok now)

I have been repairing the car. (the result here: my hands are dirty now/ I’m tired now)

c, some words have an idea for a short time: lose, stop…we use the simple eg. I’ve lost my purse.

some words have an idea for a long time: work, learn…we use the continuous eg. I’ve been working here for 3 years.

d, some state verbs can’t be used in the continuous form, so we use the simple one.状态词不能用在进行时里。

e, if there are numbers and quantity, we use the simple form. 如果有数字和数量，用一般的现在完成时。

eg. I have written three letters this morning.

I have been writing the letter this morning.

补充：state verbs

a, verbs of thinking and opinions

think (认为)，know, understand, believe, mean, remember, forget

b, verbs of emotions and feelings

like, love, hate, want, hope, wish

c, verbs of having and being

have(有)，belong, own, cost, need, depend on

d, verbs of the senses

look看起来, hear听起来, taste尝起来, smell闻起来, feel摸起来

※ 有标注中文意思的这些词，只有在这些意思的时候，才是状态词，没有进行时，意思改变的时候是可以的。

eg. I am thinking of changing my job. 考虑

We were having dinner when someone called. 吃

She is tasting the soup. 品尝

5, past simple

A, structure: V-ed 动词用过去时， 有的是不规则变化。

B, use

a, a past action.

eg. I went camping with colleagues last weekend.

C, negative: didn’t + V

D, question: Did + 主语+ V

E, the differences between the past simple and the present perfect

a, if there is a definite past time, we can’t use the present perfect: yesterday, last night, last Monday…in 1999, when I was a little child…有确切的过去时间，不能用现在完成时。

eg. I met my husband when I was in the university.

6, past continuous

A, structure: was / were + V-ing

B, use

a, an action that was in progress at a certain time in the past: this time yesterday, at 8:00 last night…

eg. I was doing my revision this time yesterday.

b, a past simple interrupted a past continuous一般过去时打断过去进行时: when, while, as

eg. I was shopping when I lost my mobile.

c, to describe a scene in a story 描述故事的场景

eg. It was Sunday. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.

C, negative: was/were + not

D, question:: was/were 提前

7, past perfect

A, structure: had + p.p

B, use

a, a past action happened before a past action 过去的过去

eg. When I got to the station, the train had already gone.

※ 在时间状语从句中，特别是when, while, as引导的从句中，肯定是有两个动作，时态要这样用：

如果两个动作是一个借一个发生的，两个都用一般过去时：

eg. When I got home, she cooked dinner. 我到家之后，她去做饭。

如果两个动作同时发生，短的动作打断长的动作，短的用一般过去时，长的用过去进行时：

eg. When I got home, she was cooking dinner, 当我到家的时候，她正在做饭。 如果两个动作，一个是过去发生的，另外一个在这个过去时间的过去发生，那么第一个用一般过去时，第二个用过去进行时：

eg. When I got home, she had cooked dinner.

8, future tenses

Struture1: will + V

Use: a, express an intention, decision, offer made at the moment of speaking.

eg. ----- I have a letter to post.

-----well, I’m going to the post office, so I will post it for you.

b, a prediction based on personal opinion, often with “I think…will/ I don’t think…will”

eg. ------- Where are you going on holiday this year?

c, a future fact.

Eg. Those followers won’t grow under the tree.

You will be ill if you eat all those sweets!

------- I don’t know. Maybe I will visit my grandmother. Structure2: am/is/are + V-ing

Use: a future arrangement made before speaking

Structure3: be going to + V

Use: a, a future plan, intension made before speaking

b, a prediction based on fact and evidence

eg. Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain.

My aunt is going to have a baby this summer.